• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.261-264
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• 2008

A guideline to complement safety problem of escape code at the fire controlling design stage was shown by comparing & analysing developed fire controlling countries such as US, UK, Japan, and etc. and appropriateness of improving legislations for building standard of escape code was examined by comparing & analysing escaping time with escape code simulation(SIMULEX, EXDOUS) as the guideline.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.9
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• pp.41-48
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• 2019

Recently as the rapid increasing of the elderly, silver housing has grown up. Though much fire evacuation and safety law, fire accident is most dangerous problem in our society. So this study is the purpose to analyze evacuation safety in urban silver housing of floor planning by corridor types using human behavior simulation. The methodology of this study is 'Literature Review' and 'Simulation'. This study has been carried out on silver housing's definition, types, fire safety theory and relation law. To proof evacuation safety, this study measured escaping time, longest distance, and bottleneck counting using human behavior simulation. This study use game engine simulation program to analyze 6 corridor types experimental model. As the result of simulation, this study compare between ASET and simulation result. The result come down to 3 part. First, double loaded corridor type is the most dangerous on urban silver housing. Second, Safe shelter's location and number cause increasing of escaping time. Lastly escaping time is influenced by behavior of agent, bottle neck strike frequency.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.15 no.1 s.54
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

The objective of this study was to analyze the smoke movement for the case of fire and to determine the interval between emergency exits in long tunnels. Based on Froude modeling, the 1/50 scaled model tunnel (20 m long) was constructed by acrylic tubes and tests were carried out systematically. From the strong relationship between CO propagation time and distance through the tunnel, it was found that the optimal escaping time was 6 minutes in case of 20MW fire. But, regarding passengers' psychological state under fire, another one minute of delay time should be considered. Therefore, the total escaping time should be estimated by 5 minutes. The interval between the emergency exits for vehicle passengers was calculated by 250 m with respect to the 5 minute of escaping time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.308-317
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• 2016

The tail flip of the decapod shrimp is a main feature in escaping behavior from the mesh of the codend in the trawl. The characteristics of tail flip in target prawn was observed and analyzed in a water tunnel in respect of flow condition and mesh penetration by a high speed video camera (500 fps). The tail bending angle or bending time in static water was significantly different than in flow water (0.7 m/s) and resultantly the angular velocity in static water was significantly higher than in flow water when carapace was fixed condition. When escaping through vertical traverse net panel in water flow the relative moving angle and relative passing angle to flow direction during tail flip, it significantly decreases the number of shrimps escaping than the case of blocking shrimp. The bending angles of tail flip between net blocking and passing through mesh were not significantly different while the bending time of shrimp passing through mesh was significantly longer than when shrimp blocking on the net. Accordingly the angular velocity of passing through mesh was significantly slower than blocking on the net although the angular velocity of the tail flip was not significantly related with carapace length. The main feature of tail flip for mesh penetration was considered as smaller diagonal direction as moving and passing angle in relation to net panel as right angle to flow direction rather than the angular velocity of tail flip.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.223-231
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• 2001

For the purpose of providing the basic data on the improved fishing gear and the man power saving, which contribute to enhance fishing efficiency of set net in the coast of Jeju Island, this study executed the test of fish tank by reducing these actual nets by 1/30 and using the manufactured model nets, and observed and interpreted the behaviors of entering and escaping of the schools of mackerel Scomber japonicus, horse mackerel Trachurus japonicus and rabbit fish Siganus fuscescens. Thereby the result is as follows ; 1. After the elapsed time of 60 seconds, in case of rectangular set net, the ratio for entering by a school of fish marked 50% with mackerel, 18% with horse mackerel and 28% with rabbit fish, and in case of pound net, the ratio for entering net by a school of fish marked 70% with mackerel, 60% with horse mackerel and 30% with rabbit fish. 2. After the elapsed time of 60 seconds, in case of rectangular set net, the ratio for escaping by a school of fish marked 70% with mackerel, 40% with horse mackerel and 24% with rabbit fish, and in case of pound net, the ratio for escaping from net by a school of fish marked 0% with mackerel, 0% with horse mackerel and 3% with rabbit fish. 3. After the elapsed time of 60 seconds, in case of rectangular set net, the ratio for remaining by a school of fish marked 30% with mackerel, 60% with horse mackerel and 76% with rabbit fish, and in case of pound net, the ratio for remaining by a school of fish marked 100% with mackerel, 100% with horse mackerel and 97% with rabbit fish.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.59-63
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• 2014

Smoke is one of the most critical factor when escaping from the fire since it reduces visibility and interrupts finding emergency exit lights. Therefore, it is recommended that an evacuation simulation program should incorporate the smoke factor. In addition, it is suggested that the program should include not only the unilateral damage by the smoke but also the detour evacuation by risk communication. In this study, MAS (Multi Agent System)-based simulation program which incorporates the reduced walking speed by smoke and adopts the dispersion evacuation logic during escaping from the fire. To make comparison, a commercial evacuation program, Pathfinder was used. It was found that the simulation results of MAS (Multi Agent System)-based program is better than Pathfinder in terms of safe evacuation. It means that evacuation simulation need a additional evaluation categories that include not only quick evacuation time but also safe evacuee number.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 1999

This paper describes the swimming and escaping behavior of amber fish, Seriola aureovittata released in the first bag net of the setnet and observed with telemetry techniques. The setnet used in experiment is composed of a leader, a fish court with a flying net and two bag nets having ramp net. The behavior of the fish attached an ultrasonic depth pinger of 50 KHz is observed using a prototype LBL fish tracking system. The 3-D underwater position ofthe fish is calculated by hyperbolic method with three channels of receiver and the depth of pinger. The results obtained are as follows: 1. The fish released on the sea surface was escaped down to 15 m depth and rised up to near the sea surface during 5 minutes after release. The average swimming speed of the fish during this time was 0.87 m/sec. 2. The swimming speed of the fish is decreased slowly in relation to the time elapsed and the fish showed some escaping behavior forward to the fish court staying 1 to 7 m depth layer near the ramp net. The average speed of the fish during this time was 0.52 m/sec. 3. During 25 minutes after beginning of hauling net, the fish showed a faster swimming speed than before hauling and an escaping behavior repeatedly from the first ramp net to the second one in horizontal. In vertical, the fish moved up and down between the sea surface and 20 m depth. After this time, the fish showed the escaping behavior forward to fish court after come back to the first ramp net in spite of the hauling was continued. It is found that the fish was escaped from the first ramp net to the fish court while the hauling was carried out. The average speed of the fish after beginning of hauling was 0.72 m/sec which increased 38.5 ％ than right before the hauling and showed 0.44 to 0.82 m/see of speed till escaping the first bag net. The average swimming speed during observation was 0.67 m/sec (2.2 times of body length).

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.39-46
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• 2017

This study represents a fundamental research for a passenger-ship escape guidance system that is a ship-borne agent, and it is for the support of escape decision-making by providing accurate maritime safety information in real time. We conducted a passenger escaping experiment on a training ship, SAEYUDAL, using the situation-aware escape guidance system, which has been developed for on-board application based on products for buildings. It is shown that the system contributes to the shortening of the escape duration and the dispersion of the escaping persons by generating and guiding the safe escape routes which dangerous areas are considered. From the experiment on ship's heeling condition, it is revealed that the heeling angle is linearly related to the escape duration. Therefore, this study shows that the shortening of the escape duration enables a safe and rapid mustering that is the most important process under emergency and appropriate incident responses to minimize loss of lives.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2021

The door open time, resulting from occupants evacuating from apartments, is an important parameter when assessing the performance of smoke ventilation systems in high-rise apartment buildings. However, the values recommended in UK design guidance appear to have limited substantiation. Monte Carlo simulations have been carried out considering variabilities in door swing time, flow rate and number of occupants. It has been found that the door open time can be represented by a lognormal distribution with a mean of 6.6, 8.7 and 11.1 s and a standard deviation of 1.7, 3.2 and 4.7 s for one, two and three-bedroom apartments, respectively. For deterministic analyses, it is proposed that the 95th percentile values may be adopted in line with recommended practice for other fire safety design parameters such as fuel load density and soot yield, giving door open times of 10 s to 19 s, depending on the number of bedrooms.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Escape distance and escape barrier are critical elements for the quantitative evaluation of escape safety. Through theoretical demonstration and modeling in precedent studies, they have been analyzed for their generality and applicability. To make more practical evaluation method, we should quantitatively analyze the influence of each barrier and escape condition on escape safety considering various barriers in escaping routes. In this study, to develop more accurate and applicable escape analysis model, we have focused on three research methods as below: First, we derived quantified function to predict various escape barriers in escaping routes by theoretical analyses of the escape barriers and conditions. Second, we substituted the derived quantified function for an evaluation tool of escape safety suggested by precedent studies. Third, we examined applicability and feasibility of the developed method by modeling with the consideration of the escape conditions and barriers.