• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.99-107
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• 1998

This paper presents a software reliability model that is based on a nonhomogeneous poisson process. The major contribution of this model is combining multiple failure types with imperfect debugging by use of S-shaped mean value function. The software reliability model allows for three different types of errors: Critical errors are the most difficult to detect and the most expensive to remove. Major errors are moderately difficult to detect and fairly expensive to remove. Minor errors are easy to detect and inexpensive to remove. The model also allows for the introduction of any of these types of errors during the removal of an error. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the above techniques.

• Journal of Korean Academic Society of Home Health Care Nursing
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors affecting medication errors and the medication management educational needs of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: From February 20 to February 23, 2017, 150 elderly people aged 65 or older were surveyed using a structured questionnaire. Results: A total of 85.7% of the older adults were taking medication, but their drug knowledge was found to be low. The medication error rate was 24.9%, and the score for medication management education requirement was 3.61 out of a possible 5points. Factors affecting medication errors were perceived health status and knowledge of medication, and their explanatory power was 43% in total. Conclusion: It was concluded that nursing intervention is needed to reduce older adults' medication errors and to increase their knowledge of medication. Additionally, groups of older adults with high medication errors should be intensively educated, and when developing a medication management education program, the contents of the sub-areas and items in which the participants' needs were high should be reinforced.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2008

Spoken dialog tasks incur many errors including speech recognition errors, understanding errors, and even dialog management errors. These errors create a big gap between the user's intention and the system's understanding, which eventually results in a misinterpretation. To fill in the gap, people in human-to-human dialogs try to clarify the major causes of the misunderstanding to selectively correct them. This paper presents a method of clarification techniques to human-to-machine spoken dialog systems. We viewed the clarification dialog as a two-step problem-Belief confirmation and Clarification strategy establishment. To confirm the belief, we organized the clarification process into three systematic phases. In the belief confirmation phase, we consider the overall dialog system's processes including speech recognition, language understanding and semantic slot and value pairs for clarification dialog management. A clarification expert is developed for establishing clarification dialog strategy. In addition, we proposed a new design of plugging clarification dialog module in a given expert based dialog system. The experiment results demonstrate that the error verifiers effectively catch the word and utterance-level semantic errors and the clarification experts actually increase the dialog success rate and the dialog efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.286-289
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• 2003

In turn-key projects, escalation of cost by design errors is not allowed because a contractor prepares the design. Therefore, cost escalation by design errors results in increasing the cost of the prime contractor. The rate of profit decreases finally. In addition, design errors bring not only schedule delay but also serious quality problem by unknown errors. This study tries to dissolve problems, that of cost increase. process delay and a falling-off in quality by investigating cause of design errors and presenting a scheme for reducing design errors.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1983.07a
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• pp.177-179
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• 1983

This paper provides a primer for the Energy Control Center designers and a comprehensive overview for utility management personnel that desire an understanding of the Energy Management System for a Generation-Transmission System. Any errors or apparent misrepresentation of facts that may appear in the list are entirely unintentional. I would greatly appreciate being informed of any such omissions and errors.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.57-68
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• 1995

In this paper, we consider possibility that the multiple errors occur in each testing stage. At present, software reliability modeling is considered as a part of software reliability quality assurance in software engineering. However they dealt with the software growth model for the single error debugging at each testing stage until now. Hence it is necessary to study software reliability with multiple errors debugging. Therefore we propose software reliability growth modeling and estimate the parameters in the proposed software reliability growth model for the multiple errors debugging at each testing stage.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-34
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• 1993

In claiming for the purchased products, two types of errors can occur from the consumer's point of view. One is to accept defective products and the other one is to reject good products. Due to such errors, Claim rate for the products is expected to be different from that the producer has originally anticipated. In this paper, the probability distribution of the number of claimed products when such consumer's inspection errors are involved is derived. Then, a simple model is provided to estimate the claim rate when such errors are present.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.655-670
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• 2010

To be reversible as a data hiding method, the original content and hidden message should be completely recovered. One important objective of this approach is to achieve high embedding capacity and low distortion. Using predicted errors is very effective for increasing the embedding capacity. Sorting the predicted errors has a good influence on decreasing distortion. In this paper, we present an improved reversible data hiding scheme using upgraded histogram shifting based on sorting the predicted errors. This new scheme is characterized by the algorithm which is able to find the optimum threshold values and manage the location map effectively. Experimental results compared with other methods are presented to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method.

• Korean Journal of Geomatics
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2003

This study aims to construct a management system of road position information as part of the build-up to a maintenance and management system of highways. First, information on the positions of the roads were obtained by a real-time kinematic satellite surveying, and then the degree of accuracy was analyzed in comparison with the data of the existing design drawings. The linear coordinates of road center line obtained by using RTK GPS showed about 7.6-13.2cm errors in X and Y directions in the case of the national road No.2 section, and about 8.4-9.2cm errors in the case of local road No.1045 section. These errors were within the tolerance scope regulated by the TS survey, and could be practically used. In the case of vertical alignment, there were about 6.2cm errors in the Z direction in local road No.1045 section. Aerial photographs are normally used in producing numerical maps, and it can be practically used because the tolerance scope of the elevation control point is l0cm when the scale of aerial photographs is 1/1000. The management system of road position information, utilizing Object-Oriented Programming(OOP), was built having the data acquired in this way as the attribute data. The system developed in this way can enable us to spot the positions of road facilities, the target of management with ease, to easily update the data in case of changes in the positions of roads and road facilities, and to manage the positions of roads and road facilities more effectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2023

Inborn errors of metabolism encompass a wide variety of disorders, frequently affecting bone. This review presents a comprehensive retrospect on the primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism. Primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism includes entities that primarily affect the bone marrow, mineral component or cartilage. These include lysosomal storage disorders, hypophosphatasia, and hereditary hypophosphatemic rickets. In this review, we discuss the primary involvement of bone in inborn errors of metabolism (hypophosphatasia, X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets, Gaucher disease, and mucopolysaccharidoses) along with the therapeutic agents used in clinical settings, diagnostic strategies, and general management. With the development of disease-specific targeted therapies and supportive care, more number of patients with these disorders live longer and survive into adulthood. Moreover, skeletal symptoms have become a more prominent feature of these disorders. This makes the awareness of these skeletal symptoms more important.