• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.52-59
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• 2008

ITU-R 권고서 S.1062에는 디지털 위성 시스템에서 준수해야 하는 성능 목표를 명시하고 있는데, 이 성능 목표는 비트 오류 성능을 시간율에 따라 오류 버스트 당 에러의 평균수를 나눈 값으로 주어져 있다. 이러한 성능 목표 값은 시스템에서 사용하는 오류정정부호 방식에 따라 달라지는 값이다. 따라서, 임의의 디지털 위성통신 시스템의 안정적인 운용을 위해서는 사용하고자 하는 오류정정부호 방식에 따라 성능 목표를 계산할 수 있는 방법이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 권고서 ITU-R S.1062에서 정의된 디지털 위성 시스템의 성능 값을 추정하는 이론식을 유도하고, 여러 가지 오류정정부호에 대하여 시뮬레이션된 결과와 비교하여 본 논문에서 제시한 방법이 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보일 것이다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.159-168
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• 2015

Aggregate Production Planning determines levels of production, human resources, inventory to maximize company's profits and fulfill customer's demands based on demand forecasts. Since performance of aggregate production planning heavily depends on accuracy of given forecasting demands, choosing an accurate forecasting method should be antecedent for achieving a good aggregate production planning. Generally, typical forecasting error metrics such as MSE (Mean Squared Error), MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation), MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentage Error), and CFE (Cumulated Forecast Error) are utilized to choose a proper forecasting method for an aggregate production planning. However, these metrics are designed only to measure a difference between real and forecast demands and they are not able to consider any results such as increasing cost or decreasing profit caused by forecasting error. Consequently, the traditional metrics fail to give enough explanation to select a good forecasting method in aggregate production planning. To overcome this limitation of typical metrics for forecasting method this study suggests a new metric, WACFE (Weighted Absolute and Cumulative Forecast Error), to evaluate forecasting methods. Basically, the WACFE is designed to consider not only forecasting errors but also costs which the errors might cause in for Aggregate Production Planning. The WACFE is a product sum of cumulative forecasting error and weight factors for backorder and inventory costs. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed metric by conducting intensive experiments with demand data sets from M3-competition. Finally, we showed that the WACFE provides a higher correlation with the total cost than other metrics and, consequently, is a better performance in selection of forecasting methods for aggregate production planning.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.345-352
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• 2012

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the accuracy and reliability of Spine-Pelvis Monitor(SPM) that was developed to measure 3-dimensional motion of spine and pelvis using tilt sensor and gyro sensor. Background: The main cause of low back pain is very much associated with the task using the low back and pelvis, but no measurement technique can quantify the both spine and pelvis. Method: For testing the SPM, 125 angles from three anatomical planes were measured three times in order to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. The accuracy of SPM in measuring dynamic motion was evaluated using digital motion analysis system. The motion pattern captured by two measuring methods was compared with each other. In result, the percentage error and Cronbach coefficient alpha were calculated to evaluate the accuracy and reliability. Results: The percentage error was 0.35% in flexion-extension on sagittal plane, 0.43% in lateral bending on coronal plane, and 0.40% in twisting on transverse plane. The Cronbach coefficient alpha was 1.00, 0.99 and 0.99 in sagittal, coronal and transvers plane, respectively. Conclusion: The SPM showed less than 1% error for static measurement, and showed reasonably similar pattern with the digital motion system. Application: The results of this study showed that the SPM can be the measuring method of spine pelvis motion that enhances the kinematic analysis of low back dynamics.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2023

Brittleness index (BI) is an important property of rocks because it is a good index to predict rockburst. Due to its importance, several empirical and soft computing (SC) models have been proposed in the literature based on the punch penetration test (PPT) results. These models are very important as there is no clear-cut experimental means for measuring BI asides the PPT which is very costly and time consuming to perform. This study used a novel Multivariate Adaptive regression spline (MARS), M5P, and white-box ANN to predict the BI of rocks using the available data in the literature for an improved BI prediction. The rock density, uniaxial compressive strength (σ_c) and tensile strength (σ_t) were used as the input parameters into the models while the BI was the targeted output. The models were implemented in the MATLAB software. The results of the proposed models were compared with those from existing multilinear regression, linear and nonlinear particle swarm optimization (PSO) and genetic algorithm (GA) based models using similar datasets. The coefficient of determination (R²), adjusted R² (Adj R²), root-mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) were the indices used for the comparison. The outcomes of the comparison revealed that the proposed ANN and MARS models performed better than the other models with R² and Adj R² values above 0.9 and least error values while the M5P gave similar performance to those of the existing models. Weight partitioning method was also used to examine the percentage contribution of model predictors to the predicted BI and tensile strength was found to have the highest influence on the predicted BI.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.209-223
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• 2024

4차 산업혁명 시대에 접어들어 데이터 기반의 의사결정이 보편화되고 있다. 하지만 데이터 품질이 확보되지 않은 채 수행되는 데이터 분석은 왜곡된 결과를 낳을 가능성이 존재한다. 수자원 관리의 기초가 되는 수위 데이터도 마찬가지로 결측, 스파이크, 잡음 등 다양한 품질 문제를 가진다. 본 연구에서는 잡음으로 인해 발생하는 데이터 품질 문제를 해결하고자 하였다. 잡음은 데이터의 트렌드 분석을 어렵게 하고 비정상적인 이상치를 생성할 가능성이 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해 Wavelet Transform을 이용한 잡음 제거 접근 방안을 제안한다. Wavelet Transform은 신호처리에 주로 사용되는 방법으로 잡음 제거에 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있으며 수집된 데이터의 정답 데이터(True value) 수집을 요구하지 않으므로 시간과 비용을 줄일 수 있다는 점에서 적용이 용이한 편이다. 본 연구는 Wavelet Transform의 성능 평가를 위해 대표적인 머신러닝 기반 잡음 제거 방법인 Denoising Autoencoder와 성능 비교를 수행하였다. 그 결과 Wavelet Transform 중 Coiflets 함수는, Denoising Autoencoder에 비해 Mean Absolute Error, Mean Absolute Percentage Error, Mean Squared Error 등 모든 측면에서 우수한 성능을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 환경에 맞는 적절한 웨이블릿 함수의 선택을 통한 잡음 문제를 효과적으로 해결할 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구는 수위 데이터의 품질을 향상시켜 수자원 관리 결정의 신뢰성에 기여하는 강력한 도구로서 Wavelet Transform의 잠재력을 확인한 의의가 있다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 1997

In order to investigate the dietary intakes and physical characteristics in college women smokers, interviews using questionnaires were done on 33 smokers and 42 nonsmokers residing in seoul area. General living habits, dietary habits, food consumption frequency and nutrient intake by quick estimation were investigated through direct interviews with subjects. Subjects height, weight and blood pressure were measured, and body fat percentage were statistically analyzed using Bio-electrical Impedence Fatness Analyzer(GIF-891). All data were statistically analyzed by SAS PC package program ; percentage or mean and standard error were examined for each item, and the significant difference was evaluated by chi-square test or Student's t-test at $\alpha$=0.05. In the analysis of taste and food preference, smokers consumed larger amount of alcohol and coffee than nonsmokers ; they also disliked sweet taste. The results of food consumption frequency data also showed that smokers consumed less fish, milk and fruits but consumed more instant foods than nonsmokers. As a result of anthropometric measurements, height, age, and 패요 fat percentage showed no difference, but there was a significant difference in weight, BMI, systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure. Energy intake in nonsmokers was 1640 ㎉/day(CHO : Pro : Fat=66.0 : 14.7 : 19.3), in smokers. Intakes of calcium, iron, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, and niacin in smokers were not significantly different from those of nonsmokers.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.377-385
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• 2013

1950년대 후반 이후, 항공분야에서 사고율을 줄이기 위해 많은 노력을 기울여 안전 수준이 향상되었다. 전반적인 사고 비율은 지난 몇 년 동안 상당히 감소하였고, 환경 및 기계적 요인에 의한 사고는 감소하였으나, 인적오류 관련 사고는 불행히도 감소하는데 성공하지 못했다. 환경적 기계적 요소에 기인하는 사고는 줄었으나, 인적오류는 항공사고 원인 인자로 증가하고 있다. 오늘날, 모든 항공 사고의 매우 큰 비율이 직접 또는 간접적으로 인적오류의 몇 가지 형태에 비롯되고 있다. 많은 연구의 결과로, 인간의 오류 방지에 대해서 개발되고 있다. 그러나 어떤 종류의 오류 방지는 정확성, 효율성의 부족과 체계적인 접근에서 부족한 면이 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 인간의 오류에 가장 효과적이고 체계적인 예방을 분석하고 인간의 오류 및 항공 안전에 대한 방법에 있어 통합에 집중 연구하였다. 본 연구에서는 인적오류 예방을 위한 여러 대안들 사이의 우선순위를 이해하고 파악함으로써 인적오류 문제를 해결하기 위한 시사점을 제시하고 한다.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.29-34
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• 1996

차등적 오류 방지는 전송되는 정보에 따라 채널에서 오류가 발생했을 때 미치는 영향이 다른 것을 이용하여 채널 오류에 민감한 정보를 다른 정보보다 강력하게 채널 오류로부터 보호하는 방법이다. 그러나 채널에서 오류가 없다는 가정하에 LBG 알고리듬으로 설계한 벡터 양자화 신호에 차등적 오류 방지를 그대로 적용할 수 없다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 벡터 양자화 신호의 전송에서 차등적 오류 방지를 적용할 수 있도록 부호 벡터에 체계적으로 이진 인덱스를 할당하는 기법을 제안하였다. 또한 제안한 기법을 벡터 양자화 한 1차 Gauss-Marcov 신호의 전송에 중요한 정보의 비율을 50%로 하여 적용하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.499-507
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• 2018

Agricultural meteorological information is an important resource that affects farmers' income, food security, and agricultural conditions. Thus, such data are used in various fields that are responsible for planning, enforcing, and evaluating agricultural policies. The meteorological information obtained from automatic weather observation systems operated by rural development agencies contains missing values owing to temporary mechanical or communication deficiencies. It is known that missing values lead to reduction in the reliability and validity of the model. In this study, the hierarchical Bayesian spatio-temporal model suggests replacements for missing values because the meteorological information includes spatio-temporal correlation. The prior distribution is very important in the Bayesian approach. However, we found a problem where the spatial decay parameter was not converged through the trace plot. A suitable spatial decay parameter, estimated on the bias of root-mean-square error (RMSE), which was determined to be the difference between the predicted and observed values. The latitude, longitude, and altitude were considered as covariates. The estimated spatial decay parameters were 0.041 and 0.039, for the spatio-temporal model with latitude and longitude and for latitude, longitude, and altitude, respectively. The posterior distributions were stable after the spatial decay parameter was fixed. root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and bias were calculated for model validation. Finally, the missing values were generated using the independent Gaussian process model.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.800-807
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• 2007

Autofrettage process is used for internal forming and sizing of cylinder designed to withstand high internal pressures. Once the tube is autofrettaged, it needs to be machined to its final dimensions both at the bore and its outer surface. This paper presents an analytical analysis and numerical analysis of machined compound cylinder using finite element code, ANSYS10.0. An analytical model for predicting the level of autofrettage following either inner, outer, or combined machining of the compound cylinder is developed for the autofrettage residual stress field is simulated by an autofrettaged pressure. The autofrettaged pressures are obtained by using trying-error method. As autofrettage percentage is 20 % and 40 %, the numerical results are found to be in almost agreement with the analytical ones. However, as autofrettage percentage is 60 %, the numerical results have a little difference with the analytical ones.