• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.433-441
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• 2014

This study was aimed to analyze factors affecting intention on clinical application by task autonomy of dental hygienists, expected effect and obstructive factor on clinical application of assessment, dental hygiene diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation (ADPIE). Meanwhile, it proved mediating effects of "attitude toward ADPIE" when it came to "intention on clinical application". The data was collected from 237 dental personnel in capital region from March 28, 2014 to May 2, 2014. To analyze the suitability of a theoretical model and hypothesis testing, SPSS 21.0 and AMOS 18.0 program were used. The theoretical model was accepted as it resulted in ${\chi}^2=421.67$ while showing goodness of fit index=0.858, comparative fit index=0.915, Tucker-Lewis index=0.896, root mean square residual=0.039, and root mean square error of approximation=0.099. The result showed "task autonomy of dental hygienists (${\beta}=0.398$, p<0.05)" and "expected effect on ADPIE (${\beta}=0.363$, p<0.01)" had a positive effect on "attitude toward ADPIE". Also, "attitude toward ADPIE" had a positive effect on "intention on clinical application". In addition, "task autonomy of dental hygienists" and "expected effect on ADPIE" had an indirect influence on "intention on clinical application" via such intermediary as "attitude toward ADPIE". According to the above results, the task autonomy of dental hygienists, expected effect on ADPIE, and attitude toward ADPIE were confirmed to be significant factors when it came to the intention on its clinical application. Therefore in order to settle ADPIE in the clinical practice, improvement of task autonomy for dental hygienists as well as their expectation and attitude on ADPIE must be promoted.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.102 no.3
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• pp.437-445
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• 2013

This study was conducted to develop site index equations and to estimate productive areas of Quercus acutissima by ecoprovince in Korea using environmental factors. Using the large data set from both a digital forest site map and a climatic map, a total of 48 environmental factors including 19 climatic variables were regressed on site index to develop site index equations. Four to six environmental factors for Quercus acutissima by ecoprovince were selected as independent variables in the final site index equations. The result showed that the coefficients of determination for site index equations were ranged from 0.30 to 0.41, which seem to be relatively low but good enough for the estimation of forest stand productivity. The site index equations developed in this study were also verified by three evaluation statistics such as the estimation bias of model, precision of model, and mean square error of measurement. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the site index equations fitted well to the test data sets with relatively low bias and variation. As a result, it was concluded that the site index equations were well capable of estimating site quality. Based on the site index equations of Quercus acutissima by ecoprovince, the productive areas by ecoprovince were estimated by applying GIS technique to the digital forest site map and climate map. In addition, the distribution of productive areas by ecoprovince was illustrated by using GIS technique.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.18 no.3 s.93
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• pp.389-395
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• 2006

For the assessment of exsiting concrete structures, it is important to get the real strength of concrete. The load test or core test has many problems due to cost time, easiness, structural damage, and reliability and so on. Thus, various non-destructive test and statistical analysis techniques for strength assessment have been developed. As a result the real strength of concrete can be obtained by both direct and indirect test. In this study, a series of experimental tests of core strength and Schmidt hammer tests on 3, 7, 14, 28, 90, 180, 365, and 730 days' were done for predicting the compressive strength of high strength concrete with 65.0MPa of 28-days' strength. Each experimental results was analyzed by simple regression analysis. Then, reliability level and error rate between the proposed equations and the existing ones was examined. However, the application of the exsisting equations was inadequate to high strength concrete, because they were conducted under normal strength concrete. Therefore, the following compressive strength equations were proposed for predicting the compressive strength of high strength concrete by Schmidt hammer test. The proposed equations by Schmidt hammer test are as follows.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.107 no.2
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• pp.184-192
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• 2018

In this study was implemented to develop tree stem weight prediction equation of Larix kaempferi in central region by selecting a standard site, taking into account of diameter and position of the local trees. Fifty five sample trees were selected in total. By utilizing actual data of the sample trees, 11 models were compared and analyzed in order to estimate four different kinds of weights which include fresh weight, ovendry outside bark weight, ovendry inside bark weight and merchantable weight. As to estimate its weight, the study has classified its model according to three parameters: DBH, DBH and height, and volume. The optimal model was chosen by comparing the performance of model using the fit index and standard error of estimate and residual distribution. As a result, the formula utilizing DBH (Variable 1) is $W=a+bD+cD^2$ (3) and its fit index was 90~92%. The formula for DBH and height (Variable 2) is $W=aD^bH^C$ (8) and its fit index was 97~98%. In summation, Variable 2 model showed higher fitness than Variable 1 model. Moreover, fit index of formula for total volume and merchantable volume (W=aV) showed high rate of 98~99%, as well as resulting 7.7-17.5 with SEE and 8.0-10.0 with CV(%) which lead to predominately high fitness in conclusion. This study is expected to provide information on weights for single trees and furthermore, to be used as a basic study for weight of stand unit and biomass estimation equations.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2014

To investigate the influence of surrounding environment on the plant temperature and examine the effect of plant temperature control by fogging and airflow, plant temperature of tomato, inside and outside air temperature and relative humidity, solar radiation and wind speed were measured and analyzed under various experimental conditions in plastic greenhouse with two-fluid fogging systems and air circulation fans. According to the analysis of plant temperature and the change of inside and outside air temperature in each condition, inside air temperature and plant temperature were significantly higher than outside air temperature in the control and shading condition. However, in the fogging condition, inside air temperature was lower or slightly higher than outside air temperature. It showed that plant temperature could be kept with the temperature similar to or lower than inside air temperature in fogging and airflow condition. To derive the relationship between surrounding environmental factor and plant temperature, we did multiple regression analysis. The optimum regression equation for the temperature difference between plant and air included solar radiation, wind speed and vapor pressure deficit and RMS error was $0.8^{\circ}C$. To investigate whether the fogging and airflow contribute to reduce high temperature stress of plant, photosynthetic rate of tomato leaf was measured under the experimental conditions. Photosynthetic rate was the highest when using both fogging and airflow, and then fogging, airflow and lastly the control. So, we could assume that fogging and airflow can make better effect of plant temperature control to reduce high temperature stress of plant which can increase photosynthetic rate. It showed that the temperature difference between plant and air was highly affected by surrounding environment. Also, we could estimate plant temperature by measuring the surrounding environment, and use it for environment control to reduce the high temperature stress of plant. In addition, by using fogging and airflow, we can decrease temperature difference between plant and air, increase photosynthetic rate, and make proper environment for plants. We could conclude that both fogging and airflow are effective to reduce the high temperature stress of plant.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.62-72
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• 2015

Nowadays the issue of aging society has received considerable critical attention, especially in transportation planning and demand forecasting. This study identified the factors related to travel time budget for elderly by purpose using seemingly unrelated regression model (SUR model). The SUR model is suitable when error terms of each equation are assumed to be correlated across the equations in terms of travel time budget which is constant in 2 hours per day commonly. The results showed that elderly's travel time budget was affected by individual, household, urban facility and transportation service. The leisure travel comprised a large proportion of total travel time and had a positive relationship with elderly, sports, religious facilities. Moreover, the elderly who had low income or unemployed person had low frequency of social activity such as leisure, shopping and business. This study can provide a comprehensive implications of forecasting the future travel demand and analyzing the travel behavior.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.50 no.spc1
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• pp.1-3
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• 2005

It has been reported that Cyanidin 3-Glu-coside (C3G) of the black pigmented rice was as the high anti-oxidency and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, the analysis of C3G by HPLC is needed long pre-treated steps, so development of methods with simple pre-treated steps is needed in order to breed vices with high C3G contents. The analysis of components using near infrared reflectance (NIR) was well known as non pre-treated and nondestructive. C3G contents of Bengjinjubyeo$\times$Suwon425 $F_{10}$ 385 lines were used in order to develop C3G content prediction model in pigmented rice using FT-NIR. The results of C3G content of FT-NIR compared with HPLC were showed that the equation was f(x)=0.9427x+34.0430, $R^2$, standard error of calibration was 0.943, 0.116 and those of validation was 0.928, 0.122, respectively. This prediction model will be able to be used for analyzing C3G contents in black pigmented rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.395-404
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• 2012

This study was conducted to develop site index equations and to estimate productive areas for major coniferous species in Korea such as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et. Zucc, Pinus densiflora for. erect, Larix leptolepis and Pinus koraiensis using environmental factors. Using the large data set from both a digital forest site map and a climatic map, a total of 43 environmental factors including 15 climatic variables were regressed on site index by tree species to develop site index equations. Six environmental factors by species were selected as independent variables in the final site index equations. The result showed that the coefficients of determination for site index equations by species were ranged from 0.36 to 0.56, which seem to be relatively low but good enough for the estimation of forest stand productivity. The site index equations developed in this study were also verified by three evaluation statistics such as the estimation bias of model, precision of model, and mean square error of measurement. According to the evaluation statistics, it was found that the site index equations by species fitted well to the test data sets with relatively low bias and variation. As a result, it was concluded that the site index equations by species were well capable of estimating site quality. Based on the site index equations, the productive areas by species for all forest areas were estimated by applying GIS technique to the digital forest site map and climate map. In addition, the distribution of productive areas by species was illustrated by using GIS technique.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1988

This study was carried out to estimate the stand form factor that is necessary to estimate stand volume by STRAND method among plotless sampling methods. The data measured for this study were based on the 380 sample plots from Larix leptolepis and 358 sample plots from Pinus koraiensis which were distributed in the region of Kyeongi, Kangweon, Chungbuk, Chungnam, Chun-buk and Kyeongbuk. 1. Stand form factor was highly correlated with in the following order, stand form height, stand average height, average diameter, stand age, distance of stem, and basal area height. 2. The best fitted equation of stand form factor of above two tree species were presented in table 3. 3. Stand form factor tables using estimated equations on the table 3 were prepared and presented in table 4, 5(Larix leptolepis), 6, 7(Pinus karaiensis). 4. The relatioinships between estimated value and actual value were Y=bx, where b approached nearly 1.0, and there were not any significant differences between them. 5. The percentages of estimated error on stand form factor table were ranged from 2.39% to 4.15% in Larix leptolepis and from 1.73% to 2.50% in Pinus koraiensis. Therefore, the stand form factor could be exactly estimated by use of these tables.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.167-173
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyze the series of panoramic radiograph of implant patients using the system to measure peri-implant crestal bone loss according to the elapsed time from fixture installation time to more than three years. Methods: Choose 10 patients having 45 implant fixtures installed, which have series of panoramic radiograph in the period to be analyzed by the system. Then, calculated the crestal bone depth and statistics and selected the implant in concerned by clicking the implant of image shown on the monitor by the implemented pattern recognition system. Then, the system recognized the x, y coordination of the implant and peri-implant alveolar crest, and calculated the distance between the approximated line of implant fixture and alveolar crest. By applying pattern recognition to periodic panoramic radiographs, we attained the results and made a comparison with the results of preceded articles concerning peri-implant marginal bone loss. Analyzing peri-implant crestal bone loss in a regression analysis periodic filmed panoramic radiograph, logarithmic approximation had highest $R^2$ value, and the equation is as shown below. $y=0.245Logx{\pm}0.42$, $R^2=0.53$, unit: month (x), mm (y) Results: Panoramic radiograph is a more wide-scoped view compared with the periapical radiograph in the same resolution. Therefore, there was not enough information in the radiograph in local area. Anterior portion of many radiographs was out of the focal trough and blurred precluding the accurate recognition by the system, and many implants were overlapped with the adjacent structures, in which the alveolar crest was impossible to find. Conclusion: Considering the earlier objective and error, we expect better results from an analysis of periapical radiograph than panoramic radiograph. Implementing additional function, we expect high extensibility of pattern recognition system as a diagnostic tool to evaluate implant-bone integration, calculate length from fixture to inferior alveolar nerve, and from fixture to base of the maxillary sinus.