• 대한한의학회지
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• 제16권1호통권29호
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• pp.71-95
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• 1995

To be helpful to the treatment of pulmonary cancer with oriental medicine, we got clinical reports together and analyzed the data. The results were obtained as follows: 1. The treating methods could be summarized as three methods that were reinforcing vital energy, eliminating harmful Qi, and reinforcing vital energy with eliminating harmful Qi. The methods of reinforcing vital energy were supplementing Qi & Yin, increasing pahological heat & reinforcing kidney, augmenting Qi & blood, supplementing vital energy and strengthening fundermental energy, reinforcing spleen and increasing Qi, lubricate Yin and lung, and the other methods of eliminating harmful Qi were transforming pathological fluid and softening, clarifying heat and eliminating poison, dipersing lung and softening, toxicding and softening, guiding Qi and activating blood, clarifying heat and dispersing lung, guiding Qi and counteracting stress etc., and the methods of supplementing vital energy with eliminating poison were reinforcing spleen and transforming pathological fluid, increasing Qi and activating blood, supplementing Yin and clarifying heat, reinforcing spleen and dry the dampness, lubricating lung and transforming patholigical fluid and supplementing Qi and activating blood. 2. The oriental prescriptions used for pulmonary cancer were Chunkeum-Weekyungtang & Sohamhwingtang, Jinhayookgunjatang, Hyulboochukeotang, Bokbangkyogonamtang was reported to be effective in the treatment of metastasis. 3. Bokbangshinjingtang and haewool were applied for the complications of pulmonary cancer, Soshihotang for fever, hangamryung for tumor pain. Prunus ansu Komarov, Eriobotrya japonica Lirdley, Pyrrosiae lingua Farwel, Steomon japonica Miguel, Maximowiczia chinensis Ruprecht var, Morus bombycis Koidzumi for cough, Panax Pseudo-ginseng Wall. var, Bletilla striata Reichenbach f., Acacia catechu(兒茶) for hemoptysis, Lonicerae flos, Aspongopus chinensis(九香蟲) for chest pain, Cypsum Fibrosum, Gazella gutturosa, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Gypsophila oldhamiana Miquel for fever, Lepidii semen descurainiae semen, Belamcanda chinensis D.C, Gnaphalium affine(佛耳草) for asthma. 4. For the reduction of side effect by chemotherapy and radiotherapy it was known that supplementing Qi was used chiefly for side effect of chemotherapy and augmenting Yin applied to side effect of radiotherapy. 5. The oriental presciptions were suggested for the side effect by chemotherapy and radiotherapy ; Sammaekaek(參麥液), Whaebokwontang(化瘀復元湯), Hwangjungomitang(黃精五味湯), Yukmijihwangtang(六味地黃湯), Hyangsayukgunjatang(香砂六君子湯), Samlyeekulsan for side effect by chemotherapy while Geumgweisingiwhan, Hwanglyentang(黃連湯), Hwanglyenhaedoktang(黃連解毒湯), Yangyeunchungpeitang(養陰淸肺湯), Idongtang(二冬湯), Jayeunkanghwatang(滋陰降火湯) for side effect by radiotherapy.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.162-166
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• 1998

전 골수성 백혈병 세초인 HL-60 세포를 model로 하여, 민간요법으로 사용되어져 부작용이 극히 적은 거승로 알려진 고려인삼의 구성 성분 중 주요성분이 ginseng (Panzx ginseng C.A. Meyer) saponin 및 ginsenoside Rh1, Rh2, Rh3, 비파 (Eriobotrya japonica L.) 잎의 성분들 중에서 항발암 및 항암성분으로 알려진 ursolic acid 및 oleanolic acid, 웅담중의 중요성분 성분인 lithocholoc acid 드잉 분화능력이 있는 지를 조사하고자 본 실험을 수행아였다. Retinoic acid를 처리한 결과 타 연구자들의 연구결과들처럼 높은 분화력을 관찰할 수 있었으며, dbcAMP 단독 처리군에서도 높은 분화효과를 나타냈었다. Dexamethasone 처리군에서는 분화효과를 거의 관찰할 수 없었으나,dexamethansone과 구조적으로 유사한 ursolic acid와 oleanolic acid는 보다 높은 분화력을 보였고 웅담성분의 중요성분인 lirhocholic acid는 높은 분화력을 나타냈었다. Ginseng saponin은 0.00375% (w/v)에서 20% 이상의 분화력을 보였으며, Ginsenoside Rh2와 Rh3는 높은 분화력을 나타냈다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.97-101
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• 2002

비파 부위별 추출물의 항균성과 항산화 활성을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 과피 및 종자의 추출수율은 부탄을 분획물에서 각각 4.95%와 4.42%로 높게 나타난 반면, 잎, 씨를 제거한 과실과 과육은 물분획물에서 각각 5.10%, 23.60% 및 21.10%로 높게 나타났다. 항균활성은 잎과 씨를 제거한 과실의 경우 clear zone이 각각 Staphylococcus aureus에서 19 mm, 15mm, Escherichia coli에서 15 mm, 16 mm로 에칠 아세테이트 분획물에서 항균활성이 높게 나타났다. 비파의 메탄을 추출물을 극성과 비극성 용매로 순차별로 분획한 수소공여 능은 잎에서 82%, 씨를 제거한 과실 74%, 종자 68%, 과피 52% 및 과육 30%로 에칠 아세테이트 분획물에서 가장 높았다.

• 생약학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.299-303
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• 1993

The antioxidant activity of methanol extracts of plants and marine algae was tested by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH). Five plant extracts(Prunus davidiana, Eriobotrya japonica, Artemisia iwayomogi, Stirodella tolyrrhiza and Ulmus davidiana) and two algae (Ecklonia stolonifera and Symphycoladia latiuscula) were found to be the most effective in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The methanol extract obtained from the stems of Prunus davidiana was fractionated with several solvents. The ethylacetate soluble fraction exhibiting the strongest antioxidant activity was further purified by repeated silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Antioxidant flavonoids and flavonoid glycosides were isolated and the most active ones was identified as (+)-catechin by MS, $^1H-NMR$ and $^{13}C-NMR$. Its antioxidant activity was higher than that oil vitamin C.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.1625-1633
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• 2010

비파잎의 생리활성 기능과 이용 가능성에 관한 연구의 일환으로 비파잎의 영양성분 및 생리활성 효능을 검증하여 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비파잎의 일반성분은 건량 기준(dry basis)으로 수분 함량 5.78%, 조단백질 6.74%, 조지방 7.87%, 조회분 6.99%, 식이섬유소 43.61%, 탄수화물 29.01%를 함유하였다. 비파잎의 구성당은 총 4종 검출되었으며 이중 rhamnose가 3,391.84 mg/l로 제일 많이 검출되었으며, galactose 663.27 mg/l, glucose 651.65 mg/l, lactose 662.40 mg/l 검출되었다. 비파잎의 유리 아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 11.30 mg%로 가장 높았으며, asparagine 9.02 mg%, $\gamma$-amino-n-butyric acid 8.30 mg%, alanine 4.53 mg%, phosphoserine 3.77 mg%, aspartic acid 3.23 mg% 순으로 높게 나타났다. 구성 아미노산의 경우 histidine 함량이 501.26 mg%로 가장 높았으며, 총 아미노산에 대한 필수아미노산의 비율은 50.15%로 높게 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 지방산 중 포화지방산은 stearic acid가 41.54%로 가장 많이 함유하고 있었으며, lauric acid 12.00%, myristic acid 11.13%, pentadecanoic acid 41.54% 순으로 검출되었다. 불포화지방산은 oleic acid 만 검출되었으며, 총 지방산 함량의 27.9%를 함유하고 있었다. 비타민 A는 0.039 mg%, 비타민 E는 0.096 mg%, 비타민 C는 0.575 mg%로 검출되었다. 무기질은 Ca 함량이 1,892.60 mg%, K 함량이 1,244.90 mg%로 많이 검출되었다. 다음으로 Mg, Na, Mn, Zn 순이었고, Cu 함량은 미량 함유하는 것으로 나타났다. 비파잎의 유기산은 succinic acid 함량이 24,343.57 mg/l로 가장 많았고, 다음으로 citric acid 2,964.87 mg/l, maleic acid 2538.59 mg/l 순으로 검출되었다. 비파잎 에탄올 추출물의 기능성을 측정한 결과 총 polyphenol 함량은 500 ppm에서 15.77 mg/ml, 1,000 ppm에서 32.32 mg/ml 함유하고 있는 것으로 나타나 1,000 ppm에서 약 2배 정도 높게 나타났다. 총 flavonoid 함량은 500 ppm에서 15.58 mg/ml, 1,000 ppm에서 28.65 mg/ml으로 나타났다. 비파잎의 DPPH radical 소거능은 500 ppm에서 68.26%, 1,000 ppm에서 80.53% 소거능을 보였으며, 이는 농도가 증가함에 따라 항산화 활성도 증가되는 것을 알 수 있었다. 특히 1,000 ppm에서 대조구인 500 ppm BHT 및 BHA와 비슷한 수준으로 높은 항산화 활성이 나타났다. 이상의 결과 비파잎은 필수아미노산 및 항산화 비타민, 무기질을 다량 함유하고 있으며 비파잎 에탄올 추출물은 항산화 활성 및 DPPH radical 소거능이 우수한 것으로 나타나 비파잎을 이용한 기능성 식품의 개발가치가 한층 더 높아질 것으로 기대되어 진다.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2015

In this experiment, five commercial cultivars and one wild species of loquat were used to investigate frost tolerance and enzymatic activities in leaves and young fruits under cold stress at $-3^{\circ}C$. The frost injury, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and oxygen-scavenging enzyme activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) were studied. This results showed that the wild species 'Wild Oak-leaf' loquat was the most frost tolerant among accessions tested, followed by the cultivar 'Golden Block'. Other cultivars, 'Wu Gong Bai', 'Taicheng 4', 'Xiangzhong 11' and 'Zaozhong 6', were relatively weak in frost tolerance. The enzymatic activities of SOD, POD and CAT increased initially and then decreased as the exposure time increased. However, the enzymatic peak occurred later in the frost-tolerant accession than in the frost-sensitive accession. The correlation coefficients of MDA contents between leaves and immature fruits were from 0.93 to 0.99 in the five commercial loquat cultivars. For the 'Wild Oak-leaf' loquat, the correlation coefficients of MDA and POD were 0.98 and 0.95, respectively, but the coefficients for SOD, CAT and APX were relatively low. In general, there were good correlations between loquat leaves and immature fruits in MDA content and enzyme activities. These results indicate that analysis of these physiological and biochemical activities in loquat leaves could potentially be used to predict the cold tolerance in loquat at immature fruit stage and to accelerate breeding programs for cold tolerance in loquat.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.139-147
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECFTIVES: The present study was conducted to examine the inhibitory effect of loquat leaves on MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and invasion. MATERIALS/METHODS: Female athymic nude mice were given a subcutaneous (s.c.) inoculation of MDA-MB-231 cells and randomly grouped to receive a s.c. injection of either 500 mg/kg ethanol, water extract or vehicle five times a week. Tumor growth, mitotic rate and necrosis were examined. MDA-MB-231 cells were cultured with DMSO or with various concentrations of loquat water or ethanol extract. Proliferation, adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity were examined. RESULTS: Tumor growth of xenograft nude mouse was significantly reduced by loquat extracts. The results of mitotic examination revealed that loquat extracts reduced tumor cell division. Both ethanol and water extracts significantly inhibited MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation. The protein expression of ErbB3 was significantly down-regulated by loquat leaf extracts. Loquat leaf extracts increased apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells following 24 hour incubation and the ethanol extract was more potent in inducing apoptosis than the water extract. Furthermore, loquat extracts inhibited adhesion, migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. MMP activity was significantly inhibited by loquat extracts. CONCLUSION: Our results show that extracts of loquat inhibit the growth of tumor in MDA-MB-231 xenograft nude mice and the invasion of human breast cancer cells, indicating the inhibition of tumor cell proliferation and invasion.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.262-269
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• 1998

한국산 비파엾을 이용하여 식품으로서의 활용도를 높이기 위한 일환으로 비파엽차를 제조하여 그 이화학적 특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 비파엽차의 제조 중 일반성분은 2월 중순에 채취한 비파엽의 수분, 조지방 및 회분 함량은 10월에 비해 낮게 나타났으며, 무기성분은 2, 10월 중순에 채취한 비파엽의 경우 4파 볶음에서 각각 칼륨이 39,916.8, 23,950.0 ppm으로 높게 나타났다. ascorbic acid 유리당, 탄닌 및 카페인 함량은 각각 2.33%, 1.01%, 1.63% 및 113mg%로 2월 중순에 비해 10월에 채취한 비파엽 4차 볶음에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 비파엽차 및 그 침출액에 대한 색도는 10월 중순에 채취한 2차 볶음에서는 증가하였으나 4차 볶음의 경우 2월에 채취한 비파엽에 비해 낮게 나타났다. 또한 10월 중순 4차 볶음의 향기성분과 그 침출액에 대한 유리아미노산 함량은 각각 nerolidol과 DL-allohydroxylysine 성분이 가장 높게 나타났다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.57-63
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• 1998

To furnish basic data about the utilization of Korean loquat as flood, this experiment was conducted. Nutritional components in leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed of Korean loquat were analyzed as follows : moisture 48.7%, 87.8%, 88.3% and 59.5% ; total sugar 1.57%, 7.21%, 7.36% and 2.41% ; crude protein 5.23%, 1.61%, 1.44% and 4.31% in each portion, respectively. The highest mineral contents of loquat leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed were Ca 2,458ppm, K 661ppm, 654ppm and 1,528ppm, and water soluble vitamins such as ascorbic acid, thiamin and pyridoxine were confirmed in different pares of Korean loquat, the contents of those were high thiamin 5.86mg% in leaves and ascorbic acid 1.l0mg%, 1.26mg% and 4.90mg% in fruit excluded seed flesh and seed, respectively. The contents of free sugars were high sucrose 0.87%, glucose 0.62%, 0.6475 and rhamnose 0.20%, and major organic acid were detected oxalic acid 1,693.70mg%, malic acid 201.70mg%, 207.60mg% and citric acid 55.70mg% in each portion, respectively. Free amino acid were identified 21, 14, 14 and 16 kinds of leaves, fruit excluded seed, flesh and seed, respectively and their contents in each portion were highest glutamic acid 280.22mg%, proline 35.l0mg%, glutamic acid 56.96mg% and sarcosine 230.24mg%, respectively. Volatile components were identified 25 and 11 kinds of leaves and flesh and their contents were highest d-nerolidol 28.70ppm, hexadecanoic acid 16.67ppm, respectively.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.243-249
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• 2012

Hexokinase is the first enzyme in the hexose assimilation pathway; it acts as a sensor for plant sugar responses, and it is also important in determining the fruit sugar levels. The full-length cDNA of a hexokinase gene was isolated from loquat through reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends, which was designated as EjHXK1. EjHXK1 is 1,839 bp long and contains an entire open reading frame encoding 497 amino acids. The predicted protein of EjHXK1 shares 72%-81% similarity with other plant hexokinases. Phylogeny analysis indicated that EjHXK1 is closely related to maize and rice hexokinases. Transient expression of the 35S: EjHXK1-GFP fusion protein was observed on the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Real-time RT-PCR indicated that EjHXK1 is expressed in loquat leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. EjHXK1 transcripts were higher during early fruit development, but decreases before maturation, which is consistent with hexokinase enzyme activity during fruit development and conducive for hexose accumulation in mature fruits. These results imply that EjHXK1 may play important roles in the regulation of sugar flux during fruit ripening.