• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-109
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• 2007

Representative human models (RHMs), a group of digital human models which represent the people of the target population within a designated percentage (e.g., 95%), are used for ergonomic design and evaluation in virtual environments. The present study evaluated the grid approach, a RHM generation method, in terms of accommodation percentage. RHMs generated from the grid approach dramatically decreased the accommodation percentage of the target population as the number of anthropometric dimensions under consideration increased. For example, the accommodation percentages by RHMs generated by the grid approach were 95% for 3 key dimensions (selected among 10 anthropometric dimensions), 45% for 5 dimensions, and 10% for 10 dimensions. A standardized multiple regression analysis found that this decreasing accommodation percentage was caused by low correlations between key dimensions and other dimensions. The accommodation evaluation process used in the present study is applicable to evaluation of other RHM generation methods.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.85-94
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to extract typical body shapes of Korean adults based on the three-dimensional Korean anthropometric data measured through 5th national anthropometric survey and to examine the suitability of the 3-D human shape data for the interior packaging. 36 three-dimensional anthropometric variables related to the design of vehicle interior were considered for the appraisal of typical body shapes. Four major factors were extracted by the factor analysis and factor scores were calculated for all subjects. Typical or standard drivers of Korean adults were selected by the minimum deviation criteria for the four factor scores with respect to 5th, 50th, and 95th percentiles, respectively. Typical drivers of Korean adults were visualized by the CATIA-HUMAN program due to the absence of proper application software for three-dimensionally scanned human body data. There are considerable differences between the anthropometric data of Korean adults and those provided by CATIA-HUMAN program, which shows that the modeling data provided by CATIA-HUMAN should not be directly applied to the ergonomic evaluation for the vehicle design. This suggests the necessity for the development of suitable software for scanned human shape data. It is also expected that the anthropometric data of typical drivers extracted from this study help design package layouts and improve the suitability of ergonomic evaluation for Korean customers.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.35-45
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• 1999

Driver centered vehicle design is the important factor for driver's safety, product quality, and so on. Therefore, people has recently recognized the importance of driver centered vehicle design. Especially, in the focus of driver-vehicle interaction system, it is very important factor to ergonomic design of vehicle cockpit. In this study, Sketch Map method was used to measure of driver's cognitive map on IP(Instrument Panel) that is the basic factor to ergonomic design for vehicle cockpit. The compatibility of Sketch Map method was validated for the measurement of driver's cognitive map and then the accuracy between two groups was analyzed using Sketch Map method. Subjects were divided in two groups, the first group of subjects has their own vehicles and driver license, and the second group of subjects doesn't have own vehicle but has driver license. The result showed that for the case of the first group, the shape of IP in the cognitive map was influenced by IP of their each vehicle. However, for the case of the second group, it showed the difference between IP in the cognitive map and IP of experienced vehicle many times because they have been driving various type of vehicle. So, the shape of IP in the cognitive map was influenced by various type of IP.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The primary objective of this study is to design input methods for assisting button selection tasks on a PDA screen. Familiar methods in the existing computing environments were investigated to develop aiding methods. Factors manipulated in the experiment included aiding method, button size, and users' prior experience with PDAs. A total of sixteen participants examined the usability of button selection tasks. Two types of button selection tasks were used as experimental tasks; one was selecting a target button, and the other was selecting multiple target buttons consecutively. The results showed that the aiding method and the button size had significant effects on the subjective satisfaction as well as the performance. In addition, users' prior experience with PDAs affected the performance significantly. The interaction between the aiding method and the button size was found to have significant effects on the performance. However, the interaction effect between the button size and the PDA experience was significant on the task performance time only for the multiple button selection tasks. Design considerations were proposed based on the experimental results. These can be applied to the PDA interaction design to make the PDAs more usable.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.373-383
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study is to introduce an operator console design review system suitable for designing and evaluating consoles based on human factor guidelines for a digitalized main control room in an advanced nuclear power plant which has a requirement for anthropometric data usage. Background: The system interface of the main control room in a nuclear power plant has been getting digitalized and consists of various consoles with many information displays. Console operators often face human-computer interactive problems due to inappropriate console design stemming from the perceptual constraints of anthropometric data usage. Method: Computational models with a process of visual perception and variables of anthropometric data are used for designing and evaluating operator consoles suitable for human system interface guidelines, which are used in an advanced nuclear power plant. Results: From the computational model and simulation application, console dimensions and a designing test module, which would be used for designing suitable consoles with safety concerns in a nuclear power plant, have been introduced. Conclusion: This case study may influence employing a suitable design concept with various anthropometric data in many areas with safety concerns and may show a feasible solution to designing and evaluating the safety console dimensions. Application: The results of this study may be used for designing a control room with the human factors requiring a safe working environment.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.25-38
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• 2004

Selection of a key dimension (s) by considering the characteristics of hand dimensions is needed to design gloves and construct a sound sizing system for gloves The present study identified key dimensions of glove design by analyzing the relationships between hand dimensions and demonstrated the construction process of a glove sizing system. By conducting correlation and regression analyses on 70 hand dimensions including 3 key dimension candidates (hand length; hand circumference; hand breadth) with the 1988 US Army data, hand length and hand circumference were selected as key dimensions for glove design. Glove sizing systems were constructed for males and females by applying the selected key dimensions, 0.5 inch of sizing intervals, and 2％ of presence rate criterion to the US Army data. This study suggests that glove sizing systems for males and females be very different from each other and a glove sizing system for males include more sizes than that for females.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.15-21
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• 2005

Use of a glove made of materials with a low elasticity decreases the performance of the hand such as agility, dexterity, range of motion, and grip strength. The present study examined if the adverse effects of a low-elastic glove can be reduced by a design which accommodates the changes of hand surface lengths by hand motion. Two glove designs which provide patches of elastic cloth and pleats at the finger joints and knuckle were developed by considering the hand surface length changes, and then compared with two conditions(bare hand and conventional glove design that does not consider the dynamic characteristics of the hand dimensions) in terms of completion time in peg board insertion task, maximum grip strength, discomfort in hand motion, discomfort in force exertion, and overall discomfort by 24 right-handed participants. The test results confirmed that wearing of a glove significantly reduced the agility and grip strength capability of the hand and indicated that the novel designs were effective to lessen the performance decreases compared to the conventional design. Also, of the glove designs, the pleat glove design was found most preferred for both better hand performance and less subjective discomfort.

• Proceedings of the ESK Conference
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• 1987.04a
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• pp.143-148
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• 1987

The Design of automotive IP must be designed for improving safety, and for satisfying the consumer's preference and for enlarging the usability of various gauges and information displaydevices. Also, these objects become more important by regarded and will be treated very sensitively for the next-generation vehicle concepts. Therefore, Automotive IP must be designed to adjust these trends, besides accord with car-inner lifestyle. One of these concept's designs is to apply Human Sensibility Ergonomics. This study suggestes the driver-centered design of the IP components that focused on the audio unit and HVAC(Heat and Ventilation Air Conditioner) through cognitive experiment. Primarily, analyzed components of IP in use, then, combined these components (especially, the number and arry of buttons, the position of LCD panel, etc.) nd designed some sample images(prototypes) the same as real size. After the subjects looked at the sam ples at the interval of 0.2/0.4/0.6 seconds, subjects should fill out the given forms from their memory. Then, the optimal prototype of IP was designed in respect to the correctness of cognition. The results will show the basic guideline of optimal design of IP that in the case of aaudio unit, the position of LCD, the array and the number of channel, in the case of HVAC, the position of LCD, TEMP button type and other button types.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.449-464
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• 2016

Objective: The objective of this study is to identify essential requirements of the instrument cluster's features and layout for elderly drivers through interview and paper prototyping. Background: Recent updates implemented in passenger vehicles require more complex information to be processed by drivers. Concurrently, a large portion of the US population, the baby boomer generation has aged, causing their physical and cognitive abilities to deter. Thus it is crucial that new methods be implemented into vehicle design in order to accommodate for the deterioration of mental and physical abilities. Method: Forty elderly drivers and twenty young drivers participated in this study. The test included three sessions including: 1) location value assessment to identify the priority of areas within the instrument cluster; 2) component value assessment to capture rankings of the degree of importance and frequency of use for possible instrument cluster components; and 3) paper prototyping to collect self-designed cluster with selection of designs for each component and location of features from each participant. Results: Results revealed differences in the area priority of the instrument cluster as well as the shape and location of component features for age and gender groups. Conclusion: The study provided insights on instrument cluster layout guidelines by proving elderly driver's mental model and preferred cluster design configurations to improve driving safety. Application: LCD-based vehicle instrument cluster design, with an adaptable feature configuration for cluster components and layouts.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.661-665
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• 2010

Current subway station's office employee must perform safety management tasks by monitoring the various safety management systems. But these monitoring systems are limited in effective situational awareness and response to a state of emergency immediately. It is necessary to develop an integrated safety management system display. In this study, we developed subway station safety management system's (CCTV, fire detection & alarm system, screen door control equipment) integrated prototype display with ecological interface design framework and evaluated prototype display interface's usability with GOMS model. The result was that the ecological interface's performance was better than existing safety management system's interface.