• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1983

Co-60과 Cs-137의 감마선원이 균일하게 분포된 ICRU의 표준 조직등가 물질에서 광자의 감속과 이감속과정에서 생성된 전자의 감속을 결합시킨 에너지 분포를 비적길이의 함수로서 계산하였으며 계산은 최적 전산코드의 입력으로서 최근의 핵단면적 데이터를 사용하였다. 본 논문에서는 이론적 계산방법을 상세히 기술하였으며 계산 결과는 그림으로 나타내었다. 그 결과, 미소 비적길이의 함수로서 정의되는 에너지 분포는 상이한 에너지의 감마선원에 대해 동일한 형태로 나타나며, 초기광자는 어느 에너지 이하로 감속되지 않기 때문에 $T=(1/T_0+2/m_0c^2)^{-1}$의 에너지에서 불연속이 나타난다.

• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.591-599
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• 1994

A design system for power transmission bevel gears(straight, zerol, and spiral) is developed, in which the strength and durability of bevel gears can be estimated and the size of bevel gears can be minimized by introducing optimal techniques. The size of bevel gear pair as the object function to be minimized is the volume of equivalent spur gear pair at mean normal section, and the design variables to be determined are considered as the number of teeth, face width, diametral pitch, and spiral angle in spiral bevel gear. The strength(bending strength, pitting resistance) according to the AGMA standards, geometrical quantities, and operating characteristics(interference of pinion, contact ratio, etc.) are considered as the constraints in design optimization. The optimization with these constraints becomes nonlinear problem and that is solved with ALM(Augmented Lagrange Multiplier) method. The developed design method is applied to the example designs of straight, zerol, and spiral bevel gears. The design results are acceptable from the viewpoint of strength and durability within the design ranges of all other constraint, and the bevel gears are designed toward minimizing the size of gear pair. This design method is easily applicable to the design of bevel gears used as power transmitting devices in machineries, and is expected to be used for weight minimization of bevel gear unit.

• 콘크리트학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.261-268
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• 1998

설계시에는 일반적으로 건조수축에 의한 처짐을 무시하나, 슬래브와 같은 얇은 부재의 경우에는 건조수축에 의하여 결코 무시할 수 없는 처짐이 발생할 수 있으며 별도로 고려하여야 한다. 기존의 건조수축에 의한 곡률산정방법은 등가인장응력법, Miler의 방법 및 Branson의 방법 등이 있다. 건조수축에 의한 곡률은 철근의 배근상태, 부재의 형상과 크기, 사용된 콘크리트의 재료적 특성, 야생기간등의 함수이나 기존의 방법들은 이를 적절히 고려하지 못하고 있다. 그리고 양생기간이 길어지면 건조수축량이 감소하고, 건조가 시작될 때의 콘크리트 강도가 증가됨으로 인하여 건조수축에 의한 곡률이 크게 감소한다. 기존의 방법들은 이를 고려하지 못학 있으며 충분한 양생이 이루어진 부재에 있어서의 곡률을 크게 평가하는 경향이 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 기존의 건조수축에 의한 곡률산정방법을 검토하고 수정유효탄성계수법에 근거한 새로운 곡률산정방법을 제시하였다. 기존의 실험결과와 비교하여 볼 때 제안된 방법이 철근콘크리트 보의 건조수축에 의한 곡률을 비교적 잘 예측하였다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2011년도 제37회 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.603-607
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• 2011

V-gutter형 보염기가 장착된 모델 연소기에서 연소불안정이 발생할 때 보염기 근처에서 나타나는 화염의 역화 및 재점화 구조를 조사하였다. 연소기는 단면이 $40{\times}40mm$인 긴 덕트 형태이며 연료는 천연도시가스(CNG)를 사용하였다. 화염 구조를 가시화하기 위해서 고속 카메라를 이용한 자발광 계측을 하였다. 연소불안정이 발생하면 화염의 역화가 발생하며, 역화의 진행거리는 당량비에 따라서 달라졌다. 일정 당량비 이상에서는 역화가 진행됨에 따라 보염기 앞쪽 끝단에서 새로운 화염면이 형성된다. 흡입되는 혼합기의 속도가 증가하면서 역화되었던 화염면은 뒤로 밀리게 되고, 이때 보염기 안쪽에 형성된 재순환 영역으로 혼합기가 유입되면서 재점화가 이루어지는 것을 확인하였다.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

This study proposes a conceptual framework of in-situ vibration tests and analyses for quality appraisal of non-slender, cast-in-place piles with irregular cross-section configuration. It evaluates a frequency index from vibration recordings to a series of impulse loadings that is related to total soil-resistance forces around a pile, so as to assess if the pile achieves the design requirement in terms of bearing capacity. In particular, in-situ pile-vibration tests in sequential are carried out, in which dropping a weight from different heights generates series impulse loadings with low-to-high amplitudes. The high-amplitude impulse is designed in way that the load will generate equivalent static load that is equal to or larger than the designed bearing capacity of the pile. This study then uses empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis for processing the nonstationary, short-period recordings, so as to single out with accuracy the frequency index. Comparison of the frequency indices identified from the recordings to the series loadings with the design-based one would tell if the total soil resistance force remains linear or nonlinear and subsequently for the quality appraisal of the pile. As an example, this study investigates six data sets collected from the in-situ tests of two piles in Taipu water pump project, Jiangshu Province of China. It concludes that the two piles have the actual axial load capacity higher than the designed bearing capacity. The true bearing capacity of the piles under investigation can be estimated with accuracy if the amplitude of impact loadings is further increased and the analyses are calibrated with the static testing results.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.90-102
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• 2004

교정 및/또는 시험기관은 국제상호인증협정 (Global Mutual Recognition Arrangement)에 따라 ISO 17025[1]의 경영요건 및 기술요건의 제반 조건 또는 이와 동등한 조건을 충족시켜야 한다. ISO 17025의 기술요건을 기술한 제 5장, 제 5.10.4 절은 교정성적서 (Calibration Certificate)에 대한 요구사항을 제시하고 있는데, 이들 중 하나가 측정 불확도 (Uncertainty of Measurement)를 교정성적서에 명시하여야 하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 표준 마이크로폰의 가역교정에 따른 제반 불확도 요인을 측정 또는 계산하여 표준 마이크로폰의 교정에 대한 측정 불확도를 계산하였다. 중간 주파수 영역에서 1인치 및 1/2 인치 마이크로폰의 경우 확장불확도는 0.03 dB 였으며 20 Hz에서는 각각 0.10 dB과 0.11 dB, 고주파에서는 각각 0.07 dB와 0.08 dB까지 증가한다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.119-129
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• 2014

PURPOSES : This investigational survey is to observe a proper spatial aggregation method for path travel time estimation using the hi-pass DSRC system. METHODS : The links which connect the nodes of section detectors location are used for path travel time estimation traditionally. It makes some problem such as increasing accumulation errors and processing times. In this background, the new links composition methods for spatial aggregation are considered by using some types of nodes as IC, JC, RSE combination. Path travel times estimated by new aggregation methods are compared with PBM travel times by MAE, MAPE and statistical hypothesis tests. RESULTS : The results of minimum sample size and missing rate for 5 minutes aggregation interval are satisfied except for JC link path travel time in Seoul TG~Kuemho JC. Thus, it was additionally observed for minimum sample size satisfaction. In 15, 30 minutes and 1 hour aggregation intervals, all conditions are satisfied by the minimum sample size criteria. For accuracy test and statistical hypothesis test, it has been proved that RSE, Conzone, IC, JC links have equivalent errors and statistical characteristics. CONCLUSIONS : There are some errors between the PBM and the LBM methods that come from dropping vehicles by rest areas. Consequently, this survey result means each of links compositions are available for the estimation of path travel time when PBM vehicles are missed.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.56-63
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• 2020

The heat transfer phenomenon in the vicinity of the irradiated region of a focused laser beam of a DMT process greatly affects both the deposition characteristics of powders on a substrate and the properties of the deposited region. The goal of this paper is to investigate the heat transfer characteristics of a single bead deposition of Inconel 718 powders on S45C structural steel using a laser-aided direct metal tooling (DMT) process. The finite element analysis (FEA) model with a Gaussian volumetric heat flux is developed to simulate a three-dimensional transient heat transfer phenomenon. The cross-section of the bead for the FEA is estimated with an equivalent area method using experimental results. Through the comparison of the results of the experiments and those of the analysis, the effective beam radius of the bottom region of the volumetric heat flux and the efficiency of the heat flux model for different powers and travel speeds of the laser are predicted. From the results of the FEA, the influence of the power and the travel speed of the laser on the creation of a steady-state heat transfer region and the formation of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) in the substrate are investigated.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 추계학술대회논문집B
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• pp.341-346
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• 2001

The gun-type gas burner adopted in this study is generally composed of some slits and swirl vanes. Therefore, this paper is studied to investigate the effect of slits and swirl vanes on the turbulent flow fields in the horizontal plane of gas swirl burner with a cone type baffle plate measured by using X-probe from hot-wire anemometer system. This experiment is carried out at flow rate $450\;{\ell}/min$, which is equivalent to the combustion air flow rate necessary for heat release 15,000 kcal/hr in gas furnace, in the test section of subsonic wind tunnel. When the burner has only swirl vanes, the axial mean velocity component shows the characteristic that spreads more remarkably toward radial direction than axial one, but when it has only slits, that is developed spreading more toward axial direction than radial one. Therefore, because the biggest speed is spurted in slits and it derive main flow toward axial direction encircling rotational flow that comes out from swirl vane that is situated on the inside of slits, both slits and swirl vanes composing of cone type gas burner act role that decreases the speed near slits and increases the flow speed in the central part of a burner. Moreover, because rotational flow by swirl vanes and fast jet flow by slits increase turbulent intensities effectively coexisting, the turbulent kinetic energy is distributed with a bigger size fairly near slits than burner models which have only slit or swirl vanes within X/R<0.6410.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.22-29
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• 2001

This paper represents axial mean velocity, turbulent kinetic energy and swirl number based on momentum flux measured in the X-Y plane and Y-Z plane respectively of a cone type gas swirl burner by using X-probe from the hot-wire anemometer system. This experiment is carried out at flow rates 350 and $450{\ell}/min$ respectively, which are equivalent to the combustion air flow rate necessary for heat release 15,000 kcal/hr in gas furnace, in the test section of a subsonic wind tunnel. Axial mean velocities and turbulent kinetic energies show that their maximum values exist centering around narrow slits situated radially on the edge of and in the forefront of a burner until $X/R{\fallingdotseq}1.5$, but they have a peculiar shape like a starfish diffusing and developing into inward and outward of a burner by means of the mixing between flows ejected from narrow slits, an inclination baffle plate and swirl vanes respectively according to downstream regions. Moreover, they show a relatively large value in the inner region of 0.5$S_m$ obtained by integration of velocity profiles shows a characteristic that has an inflection point composing of the maximum and minimum value until X/R<3, but shows close agreement with the geometric swirl number after a distance of X/R=3.