• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.260-264
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• 2007

Many load modeling concepts have been proposed in the past. Efforts of load modeling may be summarized into three approaches ; the first one is to find an aggregation of various different load components scattered and distributed in an area. The second one is to find parameters to represent load from field tests, if any. And the third one is how to present the load of motor components could be represented. This paper proposes a system identification of combined load modeling to cover the second approach. In this paper, an improved method of system identification is suggested for the combined load model (dynamic and static load model) in which parameters of the equivalent induction motor. polynomial type load and their compositions.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.205-212
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• 2017

Based on the coupled elastic bending deformation features and relationships between the internal force and deformation of pre-twisted Euler beam, the generalized strain, the equivalent constitutive equation and the equilibrium equation of pre-twisted Euler beam are developed. Based on the properties of the dual-antisymmetric matrix, the general solution of pre-twisted Euler beam is obtained. By comparison with ANSYS solution by using straight Beam-188 element based on infinite approach strategy, the results show that the developed method is available for pre-twisted Euler beam and also provide an accuracy displacement interpolation function for the subsequent finite element analysis. The effect of pre-twisted angle on the mechanical property has been investigated.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.245-268
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• 2001

The analysis of steel-concrete composite joints presents some particular aspects that increase their complexity when compared to bare steel joints. In particular, the influence of slab reinforcement and column concrete encasement clearly change the moment-rotation response of the joint. Starting from an energy approach developed in the context of steel joints, an extension to composite joints is presented in this paper that is able to provide closed-form analytical solutions. In addition, the possibility of tri-linear or non-linear component behaviour is also incorporated in the model, enabling adequate treatment of the influence of cracked concrete in tension and the softening response of the column web in compression. This methodology is validated through comparison with experimental tests carried out at the University of Coimbra.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.216-226
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• 1993

Three dimensional cutting is considered as an equivalent orthogonal cutting through the plane containing both the cutting velocity vector and the chip flow velocity vector in dynamic cutting process. An analytical expression of dynamic cutting force is obtained from the cutting parameters determined by the static cutting. Particular attention is paid to the energy supplied to the vibratory system of cutting tool with two degree of freedom. In this approach, the phase lag of the horizontal vibration of the tool behind the vertical vibration and the direction angle of the fluctuating cutting force is considered in point of stability limits. Chatter vibration can be effectively suppressed by relatively increasing the spring constant and the damping coefficient of the cutting system in the vertical cutting force direction. A good agreement is found between the stability limits predicted by theoretical value and experimental results.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-85
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• 2017

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity quay walls. In this method, the decision to select an appropriate seismic coefficient ($k_h$) is an important one, since $k_h$ is a key variable for computing an equivalent pseudo-static inertia force. Nonetheless, there is no unified standard for defining $k_h$. Likewise, port structure designers in Korea have a difficulty in choosing an appropriate $k_h$ definition, as there are conflicts in how $k_h$ is defined between the existing seismic code of port structures and the proposed new one. In this research, various seismic design codes for port structures were analyzed to compare the definitions of the seismic coefficient. The results were used for the proposing a unified seismic coefficient definition. Further, two dynamic centrifuge tests were performed with different wall heights (5 m, 15 m) to clarify the reference point of peak acceleration used in determination of $k_h$ according to the wall height. Results from dynamic centrifuge experiments showed that correction factors for the peak ground acceleration considering both the wall height and allowable displacement are needed to calculate $k_h$.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2018

Pseudo-static approach has been conventionally applied for the design of gravity type quay walls. In this method, seismic coefficient ($k_h$), expressed in terms of acceleration due to gravity, is used to convert the real dynamic behavior to an equivalent pseudo-static inertial force for seismic analysis and design. Therefore, the calculation of an appropriate $k_h$ considering frequency characteristics of input earthquake is critical for representing the real dynamic behavior. However, the definitions of $k_h$, which is used for simplified analysis in Korea, focuses only on convenience that is easy to use, and the frequency characteristics of input earthquake are not reflected in the $k_h$ definitions. This paper evaluates the influences of the frequency characteristics of input earthquake on $k_h$ by initially reviewing the $k_h$ definitions in the existing codes of Japan for port structures and then by performing a series of dynamic centrifuge tests on caisson gravity quay walls of different earthquake input motions (Ofunato, Hachinohe). A review of the existing codes and guidelines has shown that the $k_h$ values are differently estimated according to the frequency characteristics of input earthquake. On the other hand, based on the centrifuge tests, it was found that the permanent displacements of wall are more induced when long-period-dominant earthquake is applied.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제80권6호
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• pp.701-709
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• 2021

The paper aims at improving the understanding and mitigating the effects of tunnel fires that may breakout due to the burning fuel and/or explosion within the tunnel. This study particularly focuses on the behavior of the commonly used horse shoe geometry of tunnel systems. The problem has been obtained using an adequate well-established program incorporating the Lagrangian approach. A transient-thermo-coupled static structural analysis is carried out. The effects of radiation and convection to the outer walls of the tunnel is studied. The paper also presents the impact of the hazard on the structural integrity of the tunnel. A methodology is proposed to study the tunnel fire using a model which uses equivalent steel sheet to represent the presence of reinforcements to improve the computational efficiency with adequate validation. A parametric study has been carried out and the effect of suitable lining property for mitigating the fire hazard is arrived at. Detailed analysis is done for the threshold limits of the properties of the lining material to check if it is acceptable in all aspects for the integrity of the tunnel. The study may prove useful for developing insights for ensuring tunnel fire safety. To conduct such studies experimentally are tremendously costly but are required to gain confidence. But, scaled models, as well as loading and testing conditions, cannot be studied by many trials experimentally as the cost will shoot up sharply. In this context, the results obtained from such computational studies with a feasible variation of various combinations of parameters may act as a set of guidelines to freeze the adequate combination of various parameters to conduct one or two costly experiments for confidence building.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2008

This study proposes a conceptual framework of in-situ vibration tests and analyses for quality appraisal of non-slender, cast-in-place piles with irregular cross-section configuration. It evaluates a frequency index from vibration recordings to a series of impulse loadings that is related to total soil-resistance forces around a pile, so as to assess if the pile achieves the design requirement in terms of bearing capacity. In particular, in-situ pile-vibration tests in sequential are carried out, in which dropping a weight from different heights generates series impulse loadings with low-to-high amplitudes. The high-amplitude impulse is designed in way that the load will generate equivalent static load that is equal to or larger than the designed bearing capacity of the pile. This study then uses empirical mode decomposition and Hilbert spectral analysis for processing the nonstationary, short-period recordings, so as to single out with accuracy the frequency index. Comparison of the frequency indices identified from the recordings to the series loadings with the design-based one would tell if the total soil resistance force remains linear or nonlinear and subsequently for the quality appraisal of the pile. As an example, this study investigates six data sets collected from the in-situ tests of two piles in Taipu water pump project, Jiangshu Province of China. It concludes that the two piles have the actual axial load capacity higher than the designed bearing capacity. The true bearing capacity of the piles under investigation can be estimated with accuracy if the amplitude of impact loadings is further increased and the analyses are calibrated with the static testing results.

• 한국지반공학회지:지반
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.41-52
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 말뚝 기초로 지지된 상부 구조물의 동적 해석을 하였다. 구조물 해석에는 반무한체 방법을 이용하였으며, 이 방법의 입력자료가 되는 임퍼 던스 함수를 구하는 방법과 각 방법으로 구한 상부구조물의 거동을 상호 비교해 보았다. 먼저 단말뚝에 대한 임피던스 함수를 Equivalent Cantilever 방법, Novak이 제안한 방법, Gazetas가 제안한 방법, Kuhlemeyer가 제안한 방법으로 구하였으며, 군 효과는 Novak에 의 해 제안된 방법, 군 효과 비(Group Efficiency Ratio, GER), Poulos가 제안한 정적영향계수를 이용한 방법, Kaynia 8E Kausel이 제안한 동적영향계수를 이용한 방법 등을 이용하였으며, 구조물의 상부 변위, 저 면에서의 전단력과 휨모우먼트에 대한 상호 비교를 하였다. 본 연구에서 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 1. 각 방법으로 구한 강성과 감쇠 값은 그 차이가 상당히 크게 나타났으며, Novak이 제안한 방법이 가장 작고, Kuhlemeyer가 제안한 방법이 가장 크게 나타났다. 또한,각 방법에 의한 군효과를 비교, 분석해 본 결과 강성효과는 비교적 유사한 결과를 보이나, 감쇠의 경우 군효과의 차이가 큼을 알 수 있었다. 2.말뚝의 설치로 인해 상부변위는 200A이상 감소하였으며,반면에 말뚝 설치로 인한 강성 증가 효과로 인해 저면에서의 전단력과 휭모우먼트는 크게는 2배 이상 커짐을 알 수 있으며, 공명 현상을 일으키는 frequency가 약 2배 이상 증가함을 알 수 있다. 3. 말뚝 시스템의 강성과 감쇠의 산정시 주파수 종속값과 독립간을 사용한 차이로 인한 상부변 위,저 면에서의 전단력,횝모우먼트의 변화는 비교적 적은 것으로 나타났다. 4. 지진가속도가 커짐에 따라 말뚝의 설치에 의한 상부변위 감소 효과가 더욱 커짐을 알 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제63권1호
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• pp.23-35
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• 2017

A nonlinear static procedure considering work-energy principle and global failure mechanism to estimate base shears of reinforced concrete (RC) frame-type structures is presented. The relative energy equation comprising of elastic vibrational energy, plastic strain energy and seismic input energy is obtained. The input energy is modified with a factor depending on damping ratio and ductility, and the energy that contributes to damage is obtained. The plastic energy is decreased with a factor to consider the reduced hysteretic behavior of RC members. Given the pre-selected failure mechanism, the modified energy balance equality is written using various approximations for modification factors of input energy and plastic energy in scientific literature. External work done by the design lateral forces distributed to story levels in accordance with Turkish Seismic Design Code is calculated considering the target plastic drift. Equating the plastic energy obtained from energy balance to external work done by the equivalent inertia forces considering, a total of 16 energy-based base shears for each frame are derived considering different combinations of modification factors. Ductility related parameters of modification factors are determined from pushover analysis. Relative input energy of multi degree of freedom (MDOF) system is approximated by using the modal-energy-decomposition approach. Energy-based design base shears are compared with those obtained from nonlinear time history (NLTH) analysis using recorded accelerograms. It is found that some of the energy-based base shears are in reasonable agreement with the mean base shear obtained from NLTH analysis.