• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.291-298
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• 2001

When the compression members have the variable cross sections along their member axes, the determination of the elastic critical loads by classical methods becomes impossible and if possible involves complicated calculation only to obtain the approximate values of critical load. In this paper the elastic critical load coefficients of the tapered members with simply supported ends were determined by finite element method. And then the results were represented by simple algebraic equations of two parameters, a( =taper parameter) and m ( = sectional property parameter). One the basis of algebraic equations, the equivalent moment of inertia concept originally proposed by Bleich for a spesific case, are extended to the general cases.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 1996년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.62-69
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• 1996

In this study, an equivalent domain integral (EDI) method is presented to estimate the track-till integral parameter, J-value, for two dimensional cracked elastic bodies which may quantify the severity of the crack-tit) stress fields. The conventional J-integral method based on line integral has been converted to equivalent area or domain integrals by using the divergence theorem. It is noted that the EDI method is very attractive because all the quantities necessary for computation of the domain integrals are readily available in a finite element analysis. The details and its implementation are extened to both h-version finite element model with 8-node isoparametric element and p-version finite element model with high order hierarchic element using Legendre type shape fuctions. The variations with respect to the different path of domain integrals from the crack-tip front and the choice of 5-function have been tested by several examples.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2006년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.7
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• pp.499-500
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• 2006

The salt contamination on the distribution facilities was investigated with the wind direction and velocity. Most previous researches were concentrated on the measurement of The Equivalent Salt Deposit Density(ESDD) without environmental consideration. The wind direction and velocity of the many environmental conditions are the most important factors to analyze salt contamination. Pohang area which is located on the south and east of the Korean Peninsula was chosen to do this research. This research will present the result of ESDD depending on the wind direction and velocity.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.45-55
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• 2015

Because of the high stress concentration near the toe of a welded joint, the calculation of local stress using the finite element method which is relevant to the fatigue strength of the weld toe crack, is a challenging task. This is mainly caused by the sensitivity of finite element analysis, which usually occurs near the area of a dramatically changing stress field. This paper presents a novel numerical method through which a less mesh-sensitive local stress calculation can be achieved based on the 3D solid finite element, strictly sticking to the original definition of hot spot stress. In order to achieve the goal, a traction stress, defined at 0.5t and 1.5t away from the weld toe, was calculated using either a force-equivalent or work-equivalent approach, both of which are based on the internal nodal forces on the imaginary cut planes. In the force-equivalent approach, the traction stress on the imaginary cut plane was calculated using the simple force and moment equilibrium, whereas the equivalence of the work done by both the nodal forces and linearized traction stress was employed in the work-equivalent approach. In order to confirm the validity of the proposed method, five typical welded joints widely used in ships and offshore structures were analyzed using five different solid element types and four different mesh sizes. Finally, the performance of the proposed method was compared with that of the traditionally used surface stress extrapolation method. It turned out that the sensitivity of the hot spot stress for the analyzed typical welded joints obtained from the proposed method outperformed the traditional extrapolation method by far.

• 한국수자원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국수자원학회 2005년도 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.199-203
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• 2005

지체시간은 중요한 수문학적 응답특성 중의 하나로서, 유역의 형태적 특성으로부터 영향을 받는 것으로 알려져 있다. 일반적으로 유역의 형상은 집수평면에 대한 각종 형상디스크립터를 통하여 표현할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 최근 집수평면에 대한 새로운 형상지수로서 Moussa(2003)에 의하여 제안된 등가타원의 기하학적 특성을 지체시간 해석에 적용하였다. 강우-유출 관측자료의 지체시간은 Nash(1960)의 적률법을 이용하여 추정하였고. 우리나라의 3개 유역에 대한 사례분석을 통하여, 유역의 형태적 특성과 지체시간 사이의 관계를 분석하였다. 또한 상류지역으로부터 하류지역까지 등가타원의 형상이 변환되어 가는 양상을 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 등가타원을 기반으로 한 신집수형상디스크립터 a+b 및 $a+b+{\epsilon}OM$와 지체시간 사이에는 비교적 양호한 상관관계가 존재함을 확인할 수 있었고 등가타원의 형상은 하류방향을 따라 인의 형태로 접근해 감을 알 수 있었다. 또한 불규칙한 평면의 형상을 표현하기 위한 밀집도의 개념을 적용해 보고자 시도하였다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.267-271
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• 1997

We developed a dermal equivalent (DE) which was engineered using human dermal fibroblasts and a matrix of collagen gel. The in vitro construction of the DE was accomplished by casting a porcine collagen type I solution plus concentrated medium with isolated and cultured fibroblasts. These constructs were attached to culture dishes or left floating in culture medium. Contraction of attached gels results in decreased gel thickness without a change in gel diameter, and contraction of floating gels results in decreased gel thickness and diameter. After contraction, there was no increase in cell number in floating gels, but cells in attached gels began to increase after about 4 days of the lag phase in cell growth curve. At this lag phase, addition of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) at a concentration of $0.1{\mu}$/ml promoted cell proliferation in the attached collagen gels, but no effect in floating gels. These results indicate that the method of contraction had an influence on the extracellular matrix (ECM) organization, and this influenced not only cell growth but also fibroblast responsiveness to FGF. This suggests that attached collagen gel is more suitable as a dermal equivalent than the floating gel. And the final contracted area of attached gel is much larger than that of the floating gel since floating gel is contracted in all directions but attached gel is contracted only vertically.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 섬유 보강 콘크리트 바닥슬래브의 주요 설계하중인 선반하중과 이동하중에 의한 휨 내력을 평가하였다. 설계기준을 바탕으로 각 하중의 크기와 작용면적을 정의하였으며, 그 관계를 분석하였다. 단일하중에 의해서는 슬래브 경계면에서 휨 내력이 평가되어야 하며, 슬래브 두께 180mm 이상, 콘크리트 강도 35MPa 이상일 때는 최소 등가 휨강도비로써 휨 내력을 충분히 만족하였다. 조합하중에 의해서는 선반하중간의 조합이 가장 큰 등가 휨강도비를 요구하였으며, 선반하중과 이동하중의 조합은 선반하중간의 조합에 비해서는 작게 평가되었고, 단일 하중에 비해서는 크게 평가되었다. 본 연구결과 섬유 보강 콘크리트 바닥슬래브의 휨 설계는 하중 조합에 의한 내력 평가가 필요함을 확인하였다.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2009

본 연구는 지방부에서의 후미추돌사고를 다루고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 신호교차로의 후미주돌 사고특성을 분석하고 청주 청원에 대한사고모형을 개발하는 것이다. 이를 위해, 이 연구에서는 도시부와 지방부의 특성을 비교하는데 중점을 두고 있다. 이 연구에서 사용된 종속변수는 사고건수와 EFDO(equivalent property damage only)이며, 독립변수는 교통량과 기하구조 요소들로 이루어졌다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사고건수를 종속변수로 이용한 포아송 회귀모형과 EFDO를 종속변수로 이용한 음이항 회귀모형이 통계적으로 적합한 것으로 분석된다. 둘째, 포아송 회귀분석 결과 나타난 독립변수들은 중차량비, 교통량 합계 그리고 차량 유출입구 합계이며 음이항 회귀분석으로 나타난 요인은 주도로 폭, 교통량 합계 그리고 중차량비로 분석된다. 마지막으로, 지방부에서의 특정 독립변수는 주도로 폭과 중차량비 그리고 차량 유출입구 합계이다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.544-549
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• 2009

Activated carbon (AC) with very large surface area has high capacitance per weight. However, such activation methods tend to suffer from low yields, below 50%, and are low in electrode density and capacitance per volume. Carbon NanoFibers (CNFs) had high surface area polarizability, high electrical conductivity and chemical stability, as well as extremely high mechanical strength and modulus, which make them an important material for electrochemical capacitors. The electrochemical properties of immobilized CNF electrodes were studied for use as in electrical double layer capacitor (EDLC) applications. Immobilized CNFs on Ni foam grown by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were successfully fabricated. CNFs had a uniform diameter range from 50 to 60 nm. Surface area was 56 m$^2$/g. CNF electrodes were compared with AC and multi wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) electrodes. The electrochemical performance of the various electrodes was examined with aqueous electrolyte of 2M KOH. Equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the CNF electrodes was lower than that of AC and MWNT electrodes. The specific capacitance of 47.5 F/g of the CNF electrodes was achieved with discharge current density of 1 mA/cm$^2$.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.929-946
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• 2017

Composite foundation treated with compaction piles can eliminate collapsibility and improve the bearing capacity of foundation in loess area. However, the large number of piles in the composite foundation leads to difficulties in the analysis of such type of engineering works. This paper proposes two simplified methods to quantify the stability of composite foundation treated with a large number of compaction piles. The first method is based on the principle of making the area replacement ratios of the simplified model as the same time as the practical engineering situation. Then, discrete piles arranged in a triangular shape can be simplified in the model where the annular piles and compacted soil are arranged alternately. The second method implements equivalent continuous treatment in the pile-soil area and makes the whole treated region equivalent to a type of composite material. Both methods have been verified using treated foundation of an oil storage tank. The results have shown that the differences in the settlement values obtained from the water filled test in the field and those calculated by the two simplified methods are negligible. Using stability analysis, the difference ratios of the static and dynamic safety factors of the composite foundation treated with compaction piles calculated by these two simplified methods are found to be 3.56% and 5.32%, respectively. At the same time, both static and dynamic safety factors are larger than the general safety factor, which should be greater than or equal to 2.0 according to the provisions in civil engineering. This indicates that after being treated with compaction piles, the bearing capacity of the composite foundation is effectively improved and the foundation has enough safety reserve.