• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.104-127
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Dangguijakyaksan on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group(n=8). (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8). (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Dangguijakyaksan treated group. Dangguijakyaksan was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight. the volume of endometriotic implants. the weight of uterus and ovary. and analysed the concentration of cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF. and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were also performed. Results: - The volume($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - The concentration(pg/ml) of MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-l$\alpha$ in peritoneal fluids in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia. infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Dangguijakyaksan treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The percentage of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. - The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Dangguijakyaksan treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. - The number of mast cells in transplanted uterine tissue in Dangguijakyaksan treated group was significantly decreased compared with control group. Conclusion: On the basis of these results. we concluded that Dangguijakyaksan has inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, TNF-$\alpha$ and IL-1$\beta$, and decreased expression of COX-2 and VEGF, and inhibition of mast cell infiltration by administration of Dangguijakyaksan.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.101-119
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• 2014

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Hominis Placenta pharmacopuncture (HPP) therapy on the experimentally-induced endometriosis in the rats. Materials and Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and divided them into three groups: (1) sham-operated group (n=8), (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group (n=8), (3) surgically induced endometriosis and HPP treated group. Sham-operated group and control group were inject with normal saline once a every other day for 30days, while treated group was injected with HPP extract once a every other day for same duration. Injected point of HPP and normal saline were subcutaneous tissue at Gwanwon (CV4) acupoint. Then we measured the body weight, the volume of endometriotic implants, the weigh of uterus and ovaries, and investigated the concentration of cytokines (MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemisty for COX-2 and VEGF, and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were performed. Results: The volume ($mm^2$) of endometriotic implants in HPP treated group ($55.4{\pm}41.6$) was significantly decreased (p<0.01) compared with control group ($140{\pm}66.1$). And the concentration (pg/ml) of MCP-1 in peritoneal fluids in HPP treated group ($1117.6{\pm}60.5$) was significantly decreased (p<0.01) compared with control group ($1446.2{\pm}280.3$). The concentration (pg/ml) of TNF-${\alpha}$ in peritoneal fluids in HPP treated group ($80.6{\pm}31.4$) was decreased (p<0.01) compared with control group ($145.3{\pm}86.9$). Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cell and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of HPP treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. The COX-2 expression in endometrial, epithelial and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of HPP treated group was decreased compared with control group. The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cell in transplanted uterine tissue of HPP treated group were weakly observed than those of control goup. Conclusions: HPP is effect on Endometriosis of rats by Experimentally-induced.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.1-24
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effects of Bojungikgi-Tang on the development of experimentally-induced endometriosis in rats. Methods: Endometriosis was induced in rats by autotransplanting uterine tissue to the peritoneum and we divided the rats into three groups: (1) sham-operated group (n=8), (2) surgically induced endometriosis and untreated control group(n=8), (3) surgically induced endometriosis and Bojungikgi-Tang treated group. Bojungikgi-Tang was orally administrated for 15 days after operation. Then we measured the body weight, the volume of endometriotic implants, the weight of uterus and ovary, and analysed the concentration of cytokines(MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-1${\beta}$, IL-6) in peritoneal fluids. Histopathology, immunohistochemistry for COX-2 and VEGF, and histochemistry for mast cell in transplanted uterine tissue were also performed. Results: 1. The volume($mm^3$) of endometriotic implants in Bojungikgi-Tang treated group(129${\pm}$39) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group(222${\pm}$109). 2. The concentration(pg/$m{\ell}$) of MCP-1 in peritoneal fluids in Bojungikgi-Tang treated group(1012${\pm}$248) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group(1413${\pm}$346). 3. The concentration(pg/$m{\ell}$ of TNF-${\alpha}$ in peritoneal fluids in Bojungikgi-Tang treated group(887${\pm}$196) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group(1126${\pm}$140). 4. Histopathologically, proliferation of endometriotic epithelia, infiltration of inflammatory cells and angiogenesis in transplanted uterine tissue of Bojungikgi-Tang treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. 5. The percentage of positive epithelial layers for COX-2 in Bojungikgi-Tang treated group(56${\pm}$17) was significantly decreased(p<0.05) compared with control group(75${\pm}$16). 6. The VEGF expression of endometriotic epithelia, neovascular endothelia and stromal cells in transplanted uterine tissue of Bojungikgi-Tang treated group were weakly observed than those of control group. Conclusion: On the basis of these results, we concluded that Bojungikgi-Tang has inhibiting effects on the development of transplanted uterine tissue. And these effects may be related with decreased production of MCP-1, TNF-${\alpha}$, and decreased expression of COX-2 and VEGF infiltration by administration of Bojungikgi-Tang.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.1729-1737
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• 2007

A CRD experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of different exogenous betaine levels (0.000, 0.075, 0.150 and 0.225 percent) on 576 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross) under water salinity stress. Different levels of water salinity were made by adding 3 levels of NaCl (0, 1,000 and 2,000 mg/L) to drinking water. Feed and water were available ad libitum. Betaine increased body weight, improved feed conversion ratio, and decreased packed cell volume (p<0.05). Water salinity promoted body weight over the whole period, increased feed intake (11 to 21 and 29 to 42-d) and also improved feed conversion ratio in grower and finisher periods (p<0.01). Breast weight, water consumption (28-d and 42-d) and excreta moisture (28-d) were increased by elevating the level of water salinity (p<0.01). Interaction between dietary betaine and water salinity was significant on plasma osmolarity as well as epithelial osmolarity of the duodenum at 28-d. Epithelial osmolarity was decreased from duodenum to ileum. The data imply that betaine is involved in the protection of intestinal epithelia against osmotic disturbance which can be caused by saline water, but further research is needed to investigate the effects of betaine with higher levels of water salinity.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.41-52
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• 1985

In order to observe the histopathological changes with the progress of time after formation of bite-mark, experimental bite-marks were made in female rats and histopathological examinations were performed in the given sites immediately, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes, I hr., 4 hrs., 8 hrs., 12 hrs., 24 hrs., and 48 hrs, after injury. Results and Summary 1. Subcutaneous loose connective tissues and fatty layers were compressed immediately after formation of bite-marks, injured epithelia showed hydropic degeneration 5 minutes later. 2. Inflammatory cells emigrated into tissues with hemorrhages in the tissues after 10 minutes, and more increased centered around the blood vessels.- These distributed most densely in the tissues, after 12 hrs., thereafter, were decreased and distributed in various groups of crowdy appearances, after 48 hrs. 3. After 10 minutes, neutrophils emigrated into tissues and disappeared gradually with an appearance of monocytes. These disappeared completely, after 24 hrs. Lymphocytes and plasma cells were see n at 48 hrs. later. 4. Adherence of mast cells to injured sites occurred immediately, and which adhered to blood vessel walls of injured sites, after 10 minutes. 8 hrs. later, degranulation in emigrated inflammatory cells showed, and these degranulation disappeared gradually with a progress of time.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.12-22
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• 1990

The morphological characteristics and changes of the foregut in the grasshopper (Oxya sinuosa Mistshenko) have been studied with the special reference to the developmental stage. In light microscope level, the epithelia are seen the cuboidal shape in the 5th instar nymph and the adult. A number of pigment granules are appeared in the cuboidal epithelium of the 5th instar nymph, however the pigment granules were a few in the adult. Indistinct or undifferentiated folds of the epithelial layer were appeared in the 5th instar nymph, whereas the well-developed folds were in the adult. The well-developed muscular layers are seen in the 5th instar nymph, however in the adult the muscular layers are appeared thin or a few layer except the crop. In electron microscope level, in the foregut epithelium, a few round or oval shaped mitochondria, well-developed rER, Golgi complex, lysosome and a number of vacuoles were appeared in the cytoplasm. Two types of pigment granules, electron dense or homogenous and low electron dense or lamellar profiles, are seen in the esophageal epithelium. The crystalline profiles and plasma membrane infoldings were also appeared. In the foregut epithelium of the 5th instar nymph, however the cell organelles were generally undifferentiated and in the crop two types of pigment granules as the adult esophageal epithelium were also found.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2004.06a
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• pp.215-215
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• 2004

Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) has been known as a major causative factor for the development of uterine cervical carcinomas. To investigate the in vivo activity of HPV16 expressed in squamous epithelia, transgenic mice harboring HPV16 E6/E7 with human keratin 14 (hK14) promoter were generated. Grossly, hK14 driven HPV16 E6/E7 transgenic mice exhibited multiple phenotypes, including wrinkled skin that was apparent prior to the appearance of hair in neonates, thickened ears, and loss of hair in adults. (omitted)

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.333-339
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• 1992

The regional distribution and relative frequency of occurrence of endocrine cells in nine segments of the gastrointestinal(GI) tract of snakehead(Ophicephalus argus) were investigated by immunohistochemical methods using specific antisera against 5- hydroxyptrytamine(5-HT), somatostatin, gastrin/cholecystokinin(GAS/CCK), glucagon, bovine chromogranin, porcine chromogranin and insulin. Four types of immunoreactive cells for 5-HT, somatostatin, GAS/CCK and glucagon were observed in the GI tract. These cells were generally appeared in the mucosal epithelia or located at the interface of the mucosal epithelial layer and intestinal glandular region. 5-HT-immunoreactive(IR) cells were found in segment II, III, IV, V and VI, and the most numerous in segment IV. Somatostatin-IR cells were found in segment II, III, IV and V, and the most numerous in segment III. GAS/CCK-IR cells in segment VI, VII and glucagon-IR cells in segment III, IV, V were detected but a few in these segments. No bovine chromogranin-, porcine chromogranin- and insulin-IR cells were detected throughout the GI tract of the snakehead.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.147-154
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• 2003

To develop fast and sensitive biomarkers for metal exposures in Antarctic marine organisms we examined histological alterations of an Antarctic sentinel bivalve species Laternula elliptica following a short-term exposure to a sublethal-level of Cd. Distinct histological alterations of tissues and cells of the gills, kidneys, and digestive glands were observed after 8-to 16-hours of exposure to Cd while an increase of Cd concentrations in tissues was not detectable. Most alterations were highly localized in the epithelium of the three tissues; epithelia were found to be detached from the remaining tissue parts. In addition ultra-structural changes such as cytosolic vacuolization, dilation of nucleus and rER membranes were detected in all three tissues, which suggested that the clams are subject to sublethal stresses. Thus, histological and ultrastructural changes on localized tissue parts were rapid and sensitive, suggesting that they may serve biomarkers for Cd exposures. Linkages between the shown ulrastructural changes and higher biological organization level responses are to be established by longer-term exposure experiments.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2008

Background and Objectives: Sinusitis is a common disease in the otorhinolaryngology field. It is inflammatory change of the mucous membrane which surrounds the sinus. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects of the Taklisodok-eum (TSE) extract on the mouse model with acute sinusitis induced by S. pneumoniae. Methods: Thirty six-week-old male BALB/c mice were divided into three groups: the normal group, the group inoculated with S. pneumoniae which caused allergic rhinitis (control group), and the group treated with the TSE extract after it was treated the same as the control group (sample group). Results: $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation was suppressed, and iNOS & COX-2 production were inhibited by TSE in acute sinusitis. Apoptosis was increased by TSE in acute sinusitis. The number of eosinophils in the sample group noticeably decreased when compared to the control group. In the general morphologic change, the increase of damaged respiratory ciliated epithelia & eosinophils' infiltration was lessin the sample group. Goblet cells were maintained in the sample group. MMP-9, HSP-70 and BrdU decreased in the sample group. Apocrine secretion decreased in the sample group. Conclusion: The findings in this study show that TSE reduces acute sinusitis through its anti-inflammatory effects, such as the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activity.