• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

Objectives The causes of Epistaxis could vary in children, but among them, digestive problem is an important cause. So, the purpose of this study is to report seven cases of chronic epistaxis treated by oriental medicine. Methods The seven patients who are diagnosed with epistaxis were treated with herbal medicine (Auajinuktang-gamibang), and its effect was measured. Results After the treatment, number of the epistaxis incident is decreased, and the patient's general conditions have gotten better. Conclusions This study has shown that oriental medical treatment on children's epistaxis was effective, but further studies are needed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.118-123
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• 2005

Epistaxis is the condition which the blood comes out with the nose. It has been known that nasal bleeding happens with many reasons. In most cases, epistaxis is a slight illness, but sometimes, it leads to death because of longstanding or copious bleeding. First of all, to stop a hemorrhage is most important treatment for epistaxis, but the curative effect of oriental medical treatment for epistaxis does not become known well. We treated a patient suffered from epistasis with acupuncture, herb medication. After treatment we observed the improvement. Based on this study, it is considered that oriental medical treatment can be applied to the management of epistaxis.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.121-123
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• 2012

Nasotracheal intubation is an essential procedure during general anesthesia for dental treatment. Fiberoptic intubation is best accomplished by those who perform it as part of their daily practice. But nasal approach of fiberoptic intubation has some complications such as epistaxis and laryngeal injury. Especially, epistaxis is common and it make fiberoptic intubation because of limited view. When the epistaxis obstruct the field of vision we have to withdraw the fiberoptic bronchoscope and consider the other method for securing the airway. We succeeded in securing the airway of patient who had epistaxis during the fiberoptic nasotracheal intubation without withdrawing the fiberoptic bronchoscope. We used blind intubation guided by light source placed the tip of fiberoptic bronchscope applied to lightwand intubation.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.5 no.2 s.9
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• pp.107-111
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• 2005

Background: Nasotracheal intubation for general anesthesia is preferred for many oral and maxillofacial procedures because it ensures unhindered access to the operative site. Epistaxis and tube insertion failures are recognized complications of nasotracheal intubation. The aim of our study was to elucidate whether the nostril side used influenced epistaxis and insertion failure incidence. Methods: We studied 434 patients undergoing nasal intubation (July 2004- February 2005) with permission. Randomly, one side of nostril was selected with chart ID number. During nasotracheal intubation, epistaxis severity and tube insertion failure was observed by the anesthesiologist who inserted nasotracheal tube. Results: There was no significant difference between either nostril in epistaxis severity (chi-square test P = 0.860) and in the incidence of insertion failure (P = 0.867). Conclusions: In this study, both nostrils showed equal epistaxis and insertion failure incidence.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2022

The lifetime incidence of epistaxis in dental and maxillofacial practice has been reported to be as high as 60% and can be caused by dental implant placement, Le Fort I osteotomy, intranasal supernumerary tooth, odontogenic tumors, blood disorders and maxillofacial trauma. Most epistaxis cases are minor and easily managed with direct compression on the nares for 10 minutes. For more significant or recurrent epistaxis, other techniques might include electrocautery, anterior or posterior nasal packing, or Foley catheter balloon. For patients with refractory epistaxis, cauterization of the sphenopalatine artery under endonasal endoscopy or embolization of the internal maxillary artery should be performed. Epistaxis control is required in patients diagnosed with inherited or acquired bleeding disorders or with drug-induced coagulopathies during dental procedures. In these cases, hemostatic system adjustment and hemostasis achieved by local and adjunctive methods are required. Dentists and maxillofacial surgeons must be aware that the nasal cavity is a potential source of perioperative hemorrhage. Depending on the invasiveness of the dental intervention, preoperative involvement of the hematologist and cardiologist is usually necessary to reverse anticoagulation or to cease anticoagulant therapy.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.48-60
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• 2020

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate recent clinical studies on the effect of herbal medicine for pediatric epistaxis in China, and to seek better methods to treat and study for pediatric epistaxis in Republic of Korea. Methods We searched the clinical studies from the China Academic Journal (CAJ) in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) by key words 鼻出血', '鼻衄', '衄血', '中藥', '中医藥', '本草', '湯', '丸', '散', '方','顆粒', '膠囊', '自擬', '外用', '膏 from January 2000 to November 2019. We analyzed the literature in regards to the treatment methods and results. Results Among the 1141 searched studies, 12 randomized controlled trials were selected and analyzed. In most of the studies, the effectiveness of herbal medicine on pediatric epistaxis was significantly high. The most commonly used herbs for oral administration were Rehmanniae Radix (生地黃), Scutellariae Radix (黃芩), Imperatae Rhizoma (白茅根). The most commonly used herbs for external applications were Notoginseng Radix (三七), Bletilla striata (白芨), Crinis Carbonisatus (血餘炭). Conclusions Herbal medicine treatment can help improve pediatric epistaxis. Additional studies need to be performed to solidify these findings. In addition to that, unified criteria for treatment of pediatric epistaxis should be established in Republic of Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-37
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• 2003

The epistaxis is commonplace and temporary disease in the field of ENT. In most cases, it is a slight illness, but sometimes, it leads to death because of copious bleeding. The first treatment of epistaxis is stoping hemorrhage, but the real state of treatment in oriental medical is not thoroughgoing enough. So we referred to oriental medical journals and sundry records about etiology and remedy of epistaxis, we got this results. 1. The etiology of epistaxis was mostly bleeding due to heat in the blood by dysfunction of Jang and Bu Gi, there were affection wind-cold by exopathogen, spleen heat to liver, excessive fire of lung meridian, stagnated fire-heat of upper Cho, excessive drinking, bruise and so on. 2. The treatment was used much to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, in case of getting no better, it's used to enriching the blood or clear Gi. 3. The internal remedy of epistaxis was the most used 20times SeogakJihwangtang(犀角地黃湯) to remove heat from the blood and activating blood, and used Jihwangtang(地黃湯), Samhwangbohyultang(三黃補血湯), Jiyuksan(止육散), hueksinsan(黑神散), etc. The drugstuffs were the most used 51times Radix Rehmanniae Preparata((生地黃) to clear heat and remove heat from the blood, produce the body fluids, yin, and used Radix Paeoniae Alba(芍樂) and Radix Glycyrrhizae(甘草), Radix Angelicae Gignatis(當歸), Radix Scutellariae(黃岑), Rhizoma Coptidis(黃連) and Fructus Gardeniae(梔子), etc. 4. The external medical treatment of epistaxis was the most used 16times spraying the granular medication into the cavity and attaching Allii Bulbus(大蒜) to center of the sole or binding the middle finger, etc.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.35-41
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• 2006

Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of the intracavernous internal carotid artery(ICA) is extremely rare, but it is life threatening condition because of massive recurrent epistaxis. Unfortunately, the prompt diagnosis and treatment of this disease are frequently delayed due to its rarity and variable latent period, so this disease is regarded as a challenge to clinicians. Optimal therapy for this diseases demands rapid suspicion for it and is essential in order to give the best functional outcome with minimizing its morbidity and mortality. The authors present a case of male patient with traumatic pseudoaneurysm of intracavernous ICA accompanying severe epistaxis. This patient was a 37-year-old male with unilateral blindness and recurrent massive epistaxis after suffering trauma to head. Computed tomography, MRI and carotid artery angiogram showed pseudoaneurysm of intracavernous ICA with sphenoid bone fracture. The patient was effectively managed with occlusion of the pseudoaneurysmal circulation by endovascular interventional embolization technique utilizing mechanically detachable tungsten coils.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.281-287
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• 2017

Background: Various techniques have been introduced to decrease complications during nasotracheal intubation. A common practice is to use nasal packing with a cotton stick and 0.01% epinephrine jelly. However, this procedure can be painful to patients and can damage the nasal mucosa. Xylometazoline spray can induce effective vasoconstriction of the nasal mucosa without direct nasal trauma. In this study, we aimed to compare the efficacy of these two methods. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 40 each): xylometazoline spray group or epinephrine packing group. After the induction of general anesthesia, patients allocated to the xylometazoline spray group were treated with xylometazoline spray to induce nasal cavity mucosa vasoconstriction, and the epinephrine packing group was treated with nasal packing with two cotton sticks and 0.01% epinephrine jelly. The number of attempts to insert the endotracheal tube into the nasopharynx, the degree of difficulty during insertion, and bleeding during bronchoscopy were recorded. An anesthesiologist, blinded to the intubation method, estimated the severity of epistaxis 5 min after intubation and postoperative complications. Results: No significant intergroup difference was observed in navigability (P = 0.465). The xylometazoline spray group showed significantly less epistaxis during intubation (P = 0.02). However, no differences were observed in epistaxis 5 min after intubation or postoperative epistaxis (P = 0.201). No inter-group differences were observed in complications related to nasal intubation and nasal pain. Conclusion: Xylometazoline spray is a good alternative to nasal packing for nasal preparation before nasotracheal intubation.

• Journal of Rhinology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.75-79
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• 2018

Background and Objectives: To investigate the common site of recurrent epistaxis after initial intervention such as packing and cauterization had failed and to evaluate the efficacy of surgical endoscopic electrocautery. Subjects and Method: Retrospective review of 47 patients with recurrent and uncontrolled idiopathic epistaxis between October 1995 and March 2016. All patients underwent endoscopic examination in the operating room after hospitalization. We performed electrocautery when a bleeding site was found. Results: The most common sites of bleeding were the inferior meatus (28%), sphenoethmoid recess (23%), superior septum around the olfactory cleft (13%), and the posterior end of the middle turbinate (15%). There was no serious complication during the one week after surgery. In 46 (98%) patients, refractory epistaxis was successfully controlled. One patient had recurrent epistaxis after electrocautery and underwent endoscopic sphenopalatine artery ligation. Conclusion: In patients with refractory idiopathic epistaxis after failure of first-line treatment, endoscopic examination through a surgical approach and electrocautery for suspected bleeding are effective.