• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.219-226
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• 2009

Seasonal variation in the biomass of eelgrass (Zostera marina) and epiphytic algae in two eelgrass beds (Dongdae and Aenggang Bay) around Namhae Island was investigated throughout 2005. Shoot density and eelgrass biomass differed across months and locations. Peak shoot density occurred from April to August 2005, whereas eelgrass biomass was higher in July and August 2005. Shoot density as well as eelgrass biomass were higher in Dongdae Bay compared to Aenggang Bay. A total of 21 epiphytic algal species (4 Chlorophyta, 2 Phaeophyta, and 15 Rhodophyta) were collected, and dominant species included Polysiphonia japonica, Lomentaria hakodantensis, Symphyocladia latiuscula, Champia sp., and Heterosiphonia japonica. Seasonal variation in both the species composition and biomass of epiphytic algae was substantial: peak epiphytic algal biomass occurred in January and December 2005. We also observed high epiphytic algal biomass in the eelgrass bed of Dongdae Bay. Seasonal changes in the biomass of eelgrass and epiphytic algae were primarily influenced by water temperature, whereas those of the epiphytic algal community were also correlated with eelgrass (substrate) morphology and growth, the life cycle of epiphytic algae, and physical characteristics within eelgrass beds. The spatial variation of eelgrass density and biomass were also limited by sediment characteristics.

• 생태와환경
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.48-57
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• 2009

Primary production of epiphytic and planktonic algae in a shallow reed zone of a lagoon Nishinoko was investigated. Concentrations of nutrients varied widely horizontally and locally in the lagoon. It seems that the reed zone has a heterogeneous environment. The photosynthetic rates of epiphytic and planktonic algae were 7 to 14 mg C surface stem $m^{-2}hr^{-1}$ and 12 to $46mg\;Cm^{-3}hr^{-1}$, respectively. The areal primary production of epiphytic algae was estimated as 4 to $13mg\;Cm^{-2}hr^{-1}$ from the stem density of Phragmites and the water depth at each station. The production of phytoplankton, on the other hand, was 5 to $56mg\;Cm^{-2}hr^{-1}$. The contribution of epiphytic algae to total primary production averaged 53%, although the assimilation number was much lower than that of phytoplankton. The present results indicate that the epiphytic algae are one of the significant primary producers in the reed zone.

• 생태와환경
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• 제38권spc호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

Diel change in urea decomposition activity of epiphytic algae on Phragmites stems and phytoplankton in a shallow littoral reed zone in the south basin of Lake Biwa was investigated with an in situ technique using $^{14}C$-labelled urea. The daily rates of urea decomposition (sum of urea carbon incorporation rate and $CO_2$ liberation rate) by epiphytic and planktonic algae were calculated as 180 ${\mu}$ mole urea surface shoot area $m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ and 210 ${\mu}$ mole urea $m^{-3}\;day^{-1}$. The chlorophyll a specific urea decomposition rates of epiphytic and planktonic algae were 4.7 to 6.4 and 4.4 to 6.2 ${\mu}$ mole urea mg chl. $a^{-1}$ incubation $time^{-1}$ in daytime and 4.2 to 5.7 and 2.4 to 3.5 ${\mu}$ mole urea mg chl. $a^{-1}\;time^{-1}$ in nighttime, respectively. High values were obtained during 12:00 ${\sim}$ 18:00 and low values during 00:00 ${\sim}$ 06:00 for both epiphytic and planktonic algal communities. A clear diel periodicity in the urea decomposing activity of the planktonic algae was observed. The activity of the epiphytic algae, on the other hand, showed no destinctive variation during a day. The present results indicate that epiphytic algae are one of the significant urea decomposers in a reed zone, and that the diel patterns are quite difference between both algal communities.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.56-62
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• 1998

1994년 1월부터 1994년 12월까지 광양만 대도주변 잘피밭에서 잘피 및 착생해조류의 계절 변동을 연구하였다. 잘피의 잎 길이는 수온이 낮은 겨울철에 100cm 이하의 낮은 수치를 보였으며, 봄철에 접어들면서 잎 길이가 계속 증가하여 여름철인 6월과 7월에는 조사기간 중 최고치인 200cm에 달하였다. 그러나 가을철에는 감소하는 양상이었다. 잘피의 현존량은 가을과 겨울에 낮았으나, 봄부터 현존량이 증가하기 시작하여 여름철에는 $200g\;DW/m^2$ 정도의 높은 수치를 나타내어 잎 길이의 계절변동과 유사한 양상을 보였다. 잘피에 부착하여 서식하는 착생해조류는 봄과 여름철에 Calliophyllis rhynchocarpa, Champia sp. 등이, 가을과 겨울철에 Polysiphonia japonica, Lomentaria hakodatensis 등이 다른 종들에 비하여 우점하였다. 착생해조류의 현존량은 수온이 낮은 겨울철에 $30g\;DW/m^2$ 정도의 높은 수치를 보였으나, 수온이 증가하는 3월부터 현존량이 감소하여 여름철에는 최저치를 나타내었다. 그러나 9월부터는 현존량이 서서히 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 착생해 조류의 현존량은 잘피밭 식물 현존량의 $15\~20\%$를 차지하고 있었다. 잘피의 현존량과 착생해조류의 현존량은 수온의 영향을 많이 받는 것으로 나타났다. 잘피의 현존량은 수온과정 상관관계를 보인 반면, 착생해조류의 현존량은 역 상관관계를 보였다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2004

갈조류 지충이의 표면에 부착하는 착생해조류의 종수, 풍부도, 부착위치 및 기능형을 조사하기 위하여 남해안 9개 무인도와 서해안의 격포 해안에서 2001년 여름에 지충이를 채취하였다. 지충이에 착생하는 해조류는 총 25종이 동정되었는데, 분류군 별로는 녹조류 6종(24%), 갈조류 2종(8%), 홍조류 17종(68%) 이었고 남해군의 장고섬, 노루섬, 소목과도에서 생육하는 지충이에 가장 많은 9종이 착생하였다. 착생 해조류 중에서 애기가시덤불, 구멍갈파래, 가위갯쇠털의 순으로 출현 빈도가 높았으며 애기가시덤불은 모든 해안에서 발견되었다. 또한 애기가시덤불, 두갈래사슬풀, 애기서실은 지충이 엽체의 하부에, 붉은실류는 상부에 부착하여 생육하였다. 기능형으로는 막상형 8%, 사상형 52%, 성긴분지형 32%, 유절석회조형 8%가 존재하였으며 각상형과 혁질형 해조류는 없었다. 위다년생인 지충이의 착생해조류는 봄과 여름에 관찰되는 바위두룩과 같은 종이나 사상형의 일년생 해조류가 주로 나타났으며, 유성생식을 하는 이들은 포자생성 및 방출을 숙주 해조류인 지충이의 엽체가 탈락되는 늦가을 이전에 일어난다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1.1-1.7
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• 2017

A survey was conducted to investigate the presence of epiphytic organisms in four kelp Saccharina japonica farms in the coastal area of Korea from 2014 to 2015. Of 740 kelp samples that were taken, 208 exhibited six kinds of epiphytic organisms, including hydroid (detection rate: 11.6%), bryozoan (6.4%), polychaete (3.4%), algae (3.2%), caprellid (3%), and oyster (0.5%). The infestation rate for hydroid, bryozoan, and polychaete was significantly higher in the Wando farm, Busan farm, and Pohang farm, respectively. Epiphytic organisms were generally observed during May to September and not January to April, indicating that their infestation was significantly higher when the water had a higher temperature. The histopathogical examination revealed that hydroid and bryozoan organisms were attached on the cuticula of the thallus while some algae were attached on the cuticula of the thallus or had penetrated the epidermis. These results indicate that hydroid and bryozoan were the most predominant epiphytic organisms in Korean kelp farms, even though the infested thallus had not been broken.

• 생태와환경
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.554-562
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• 2008

To evaluate the limitation for epiphytic and planktonic algal growth, acid extractable inorganic phosphorus (AP), implying the luxury uptake phosphorus, was measured in five reed zones of Lake Biwa. The AP in epiphytic substances was 0.7 to 1.4 mg P surface stem $m^{-2}$ in summer and 1.2 to 2.8 mg P $m^{-2}$ in winter. On the other hand, the amount in planktonic substances was 1.4 to 5.7 mg P m -3 and 0.8 to 5.4 mg P $m^{-3}$ in both seasons. Contribution of AP in the epiphytic and planktonic phosphorus was 23 to 31% and 8 to 27% in summer, and 17 to 22% and 9 to 17% in winter. It suggests that in summer both epiphytic and planktonic algae had been luxuriously taken up phosphate into cells. The weight ratios of C : N : P were averaged 79 : 20 : 1 for the epiphytic substances and 81 : 12 : 1 for the particulate substances. On the other hand, the ratios without the luxurious phosphorus were 93 : 24 : 1 and 103 : 15 : 1, showing much higher values than the Redfield ratio. High ratio in the epiphytic substances indicates that the phosphorus is the limiting parameter, rather than nitrogen, regulating the growth of epiphytic algal populations.

• ALGAE
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.311-320
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• 2004

A great portion of the marginal zone in Lake Gocheonam was covered with reed plants. Algae attached to the reed stems were exclusively composed of diatoms. Sixty-six species of diatoms were encountered in a floral survey. The important species were Nitzschia liebetruthii Rabh., Nitzschia acicularis (Ku¨tz.) W. Sm., Navicula gregaria Donk., Cocconeis placentula var. lineata (Ehr.) V.H. etc. Among the diatom flora, six species - Navicula nivalis Ehr., Navicula recens Lange-B., Nitzschia angustatula Lange-B., Nitzschia compressa (Bail.) Boyer, Nitzschia lanceola var. minutula Grin. and Surirella crumena Bre´b. - were recorded in Korea for the first times. Life forms of the reed-attached diatoms were simply prostrate. The biomass of epiphytic algae ranged from 0.05㎍ chl-$\alpha$ cm$^{-2}$ to 2.32$\mu$g chl-$\alpha$ cm$^{-2}$. The algal biomass of dead stems was higher than that of the living stems, and their flora were rich. The algal biomass reached a maximum in the spring after the death of the reed plants. The reed plants exhibited rich diatom flora and significantly high algal biomass on their stems to have taxonomical and ecological importance in the freshwater.

• ALGAE
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 2008

The epiphytic diatom flora living on leaf tissues of Zostera marina, Z. japonica and Z. caespitosa at three study sites (Dadae, Gabae, and Jangmok) located in Geoje Island has been examined from July 2001 to March 2002 bimonthly. Total 81 species in 26 genera of diatoms have been observed on leaf tissues of the 3 Zostera species throughout the present study. Cocconeis spp. were predominant on Z. japonica, whereas Navicula spp. and Nitzschia spp. were predominant on Z. marina and Z. caespitosa. The community structure of the diatom assemblages varied according to the seagrass species. Species compositions of epiphytic diatoms appear to be closely related to morphology and lifespan of seagrasses.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.893-900
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• 2009

시화호 인공습지의 유기물생산에 대한 갈대부착조류의 기여도를 평가하기 위하여 유입수의 수질특성이 다른 두 습지(반월천습지와 동화천습지)에서 4월부터 10월까지 매월 부착조류의 1차생산력을 측정하였다. 부착조류의 현존량은 반월천습지와 동화천습지에서 각각 37~3,581 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem(평균 655 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem), 87~2,093 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem(평균 527 mgChl.a/$m^2$surface stem)의 범위로 동화천습지에 비해 반월천습지에서 큰 값을 보였다. 반면 부착조류의 광합성효율을 나타내는 동화계수(assimilation number; AN)는 반월천습지에 비해 TN/TP 비가 작은 동화천습지에서 높았다. 두 습지로 유입되는 유입수의 TN/TP비와 AN사이에서의 음의 상관(r=0.46)으로부터 부착조류의 높은 광합성효율은 낮은 TN/TP와 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 부착조류의 단위면적당 일일 1차생산력은 반월천습지에서 307~2,473 mgC/$m^2$/day, 동화천습지에서 756~2,096 mgC/$m^2$/day로 두 습지 모두 여름에 높은 값을 보였다. 두 습지의 평균 1차생산력은 반월천습지가 부착조류의 현존량이 큼에도 불구하고 1,166 mgC/$m^2$/day으로 동화천습지(1,467 mgC/$m^2$/day)에 비해 낮았다. 이는 AN 값에서 알 수 있듯이 반월천습지의 광합성효율이 동화천습지에 비해 낮았기 때문으로 판단된다. 시화호 인공습지에서 갈대부착조류에 의한 연간 총 유기물생산은 300 tonC/year(습지 전체 유기물생산의 33%)로 습지내 유기물생산에 부착조류의 기여가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 습지내 과도한 유기물생산은 습지의 수처리효율을 저하시킬 수 있으므로 수처리용 인공습지의 관리에 있어서 갈대부착조류의 역할이 고려되어야 한다.