• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.1225-1231
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• 2005

Purpose : This study compares the first epileptic seizures between preterm and term-born children with periventricular leukomalacia and epilepsy. Methods : From 108 cases having lesions of high signal intensity around the ventricles in T2 weighted imaging of a brain magnetic resonance study, we selected 37 cases that showed epileptic seizures two times or more and divided them into the group of preterm-born(27 cases) and term-born children(10 cases). A retrospective study was made by comparing the two groups with regard to age, type of the first epileptic seizures, EEG findings and responsiveness to anticonvulsants. Results : The age of the first epileptic seizure was $22.2{\pm}18.3$ months in the preterm-born group and $26.9{\pm}21.1$ months in the term-born group(P=0.505). As for the first epileptic seizure, 11 out of the 27 cases in the preterm-born group had infantile spasms. Out of the 10 cases in the term-born group, 7 had complex partial seizures. In the preterm group, hypsarrhythmias were found in 11 cases, focal epileptiform discharges in 6 cases. In term-born group, focal epileptiform discharges were found in 5 cases but no epileptiform discharge was found in 3 cases. Intractable epilepsies were diagnosed in 6 cases and all of them belonged to the preterm-born group. Conclusion : More severe epilepsies such as infantile spasm and intractable epilepsies seem to be more common in preterm-born epileptic children with PVL as well as more severely abnormal EEG finding compared to term-born epileptic children.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.22-30
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• 2010

Objectives The purpose of this study is to report two cases of epileptic children who were diagnosed as Sik-Gan(食癎) and were treated by oriental medical treatment. Methods We diagnosed the patients as Sik-Gan(食癎) and treated them with herbal medicine, acupuncture, moxa and oriental physical therapy. We observed the improvement of patient's disease by checking seizure frequency and clinical progression of gastrointestinal symptoms. Results Oriental medical treatment reduced patients' the number of seizures, and improved gastrointestinal symptoms. Conclusions This study showed that the oriental medicine can be a meaningful treatment for epileptic children who were diagnosed as Sik-Gan(食癎), but more relevant studies on epileptic children diagnosed as Sik-Gan(食癎) are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.73-76
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• 2002

간질은 대뇌 신경세포의 순간적인 제어되지 않는 과도한 전기방출로 인하여, 발작적으로 몸의 경련이나, 기타 신경증상 등이 몸으로 표출되는 현상으로 이것이 반복되어 나타나는 현상이다. 간질 진단에 필수적으로 사용되는 뇌파에 혼합된 미지의 성분들로부터 각각의 독립적인 성분으로 분리하는 독립성분분석(ICA)을 적용하여 간질 발작파를 분리하고, 발생위치를 추정하였다. 본 연구에서는 부분발작 환자를 대상으로 간질 발작파가 나타나는 뇌파 신호(18개 채널)에 독립성분분석을 적용하여 18개의 독립성분으로 분리하였다. 또한 발작파(예파(sharp), 극파(spike), 예파와 서파를 동반한 극서파(sharp and slow complexes))가 나오는 간질 발작파의 유형을 분리하였다. 2차원 topological map을 이용하여 발작파의 발생위치를 나타내어 간질 진단에 독립성분분석이 적용될 수 있음을 나타내었다.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.56-60
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• 2021

Tectal glioma is an indolent and benign tumor that occurs predominantly in the pediatric population. It arises in the tectum of the midbrain and, due to its location, contributes to the development of obstructive hydrocephalus, typically presenting with increased intracranial pressure (IICP) symptoms or signs. Here we report a rare case of tectal glioma that presented as adult-onset epileptic seizures without IICP symptoms and was treated with endoscopic third ventriculostomy and antiepileptic drugs.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.100-104
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• 2022

The gene encoding solute carrier family 9 member 6 (SLC9A6) on Xq26.3 is associated with Christianson syndrome (CS) mimicking Angelman syndrome. In CS, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) appears in about 20%, and DEE with spike-and-wave activation in sleep (SWAS) is reported only in several cases. A 10-year-old boy with DEE showed multidrug resistant focal seizures from 6 months of age. He had progressive microcephaly, regression, global developmental delay without speech, hyperkinesia, and truncal ataxia; he had a long thin face, esotropia, and happy demeanor. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated cerebellar atrophy. Electroencephalogram at 7.5 years of age showed nearly continuous diffuse paroxysms in slow wave sleep. The seizures were responsive to corticosteroids for a while. Trio whole exome sequencing exhibited a likely pathogenic variant of SLC9A6 in the proband and his asymptomatic mother: c.1194dup (p.Leu399AlafsTer12). This is a rare case report of CS with DEE-SWAS in a Korean patient.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.364-367
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• 2006

Epilepsy is the most common paroxysmal disorders seen in the childhood. But other nonepileptic paroxysmal events are confused with epileptic seizures or have unusual clinical features. Nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders tend to recur episodically. So differential diagnosis between epileptic and nonepileptic disorders in fundamental not only to allow correct management of patients and but also avoid of unnecessary antiepileptic medications. To accurate diagnosis of nonepileptic paroxysmal disorders, the patients' age and accurate description of the events are need.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.453-458
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• 2005

Epilepsy is a neurological condition that from time to time produces brief disturbances in the normal electrical functions of the brain, Normal brain function is made possible by millions of tiny electrical charges passing between nerve cells in the brain and to all parts of the body. They may affect a person's consciousness, bodily movements or sensations for a short time. These physical changes are called epileptic seizures. These clinical data, gathered an epileptic seizure whose main symptom was convulsion, was analyzed. This clinical report pertains to a 51 year-old man who suffered an epileptic seizure and after effects of weakness. He was treated with ChongsimOndamTang(淸心溫膽湯). The cheif symptom, epileptic seizure, disappeared and general conditions improved after Korean medical treatments, so this is reported as a potential treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.62 no.3
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• pp.272-287
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• 2019

The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway coordinates the metabolic activity of eukaryotic cells through environmental signals, including nutrients, energy, growth factors, and oxygen. In the nervous system, the mTOR pathway regulates fundamental biological processes associated with neural development and neurodegeneration. Intriguingly, genes that constitute the mTOR pathway have been found to be germline and somatic mutation from patients with various epileptic disorders. Hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway due to said mutations has garnered increasing attention as culprits of these conditions : somatic mutations, in particular, in epileptic foci have recently been identified as a major genetic cause of intractable focal epilepsy, such as focal cortical dysplasia. Meanwhile, epilepsy models with aberrant activation of the mTOR pathway have helped elucidate the role of the mTOR pathway in epileptogenesis, and evidence from epilepsy models of human mutations recapitulating the features of epileptic patients has indicated that mTOR inhibitors may be of use in treating epilepsy associated with mutations in mTOR pathway genes. Here, we review recent advances in the molecular and genetic understanding of mTOR signaling in epileptic disorders. In particular, we focus on the development of and limitations to therapies targeting the mTOR pathway to treat epileptic seizures. We also discuss future perspectives on mTOR inhibition therapies and special diagnostic methods for intractable epilepsies caused by brain somatic mutations.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease which produces repeated seizures. Over 30% of epileptic patients cannot be treated with anti-epileptic drugs, and surgical resection may cause loss of brain functions. Seizure suppression by electrical stimulation is currently being investigated as a new treatment method as clinical evidence has shown that electrical stimulation to brain could suppress seizure activity. In this paper, design of a real-time closed-loop neurostimulation system for epileptic seizure suppression is presented. The system records neural signals, detects seizures and delivers electrical stimulation. The system consists of a 6-channel electrode, front-end amplifiers, a data acquisition board by National Instruments, and a neurostimulator and Generic Osorio-Frei algorithm was applied for seizure detection. The algorithm was verified through simulation using electroencephalogram data, and the operation of whole system was verified through simulation and in- vivo test.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.10
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• pp.881-888
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• 2018

During the cortical development, cells in the brain acquire somatic mutations that can be implicated in various neurodevelopmental disorders. There is increasing evidence that brain somatic mutations lead to sporadic form of epileptic disorders with previously unknown etiology. In particular, malformation of cortical developments (MCD), ganglioglioma (GG) associated with intractable epilepsy and non-lesional focal epilepsy (NLFE) are known to be attributable to brain somatic mutations in mTOR pathway genes and others. In order to identify such somatic mutations presenting as low-level in epileptic brain tissues, the mutated cells should be enriched and sequenced with high-depth coverage. Nevertheless, there are a lot of technical limitations to accurately detect low-level of somatic mutations. Also, it is important to validate whether identified somatic mutations are truly causative for epileptic seizures or not. Furthermore, it will be necessary to understand the molecular mechanism of how brain somatic mutations disturb neuronal circuitry since epilepsy is a typical example of neural network disorder. In this review, we overview current genetic techniques and experimental tools in neuroscience that can address the existence and significance of brain somatic mutations in epileptic disorders as well as their effect on neuronal circuitry.