• 대한두개안면성형외과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.368-371
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• 2020

Schwannoma, also known as neurilemmoma, is a tumor of the nerve sheath, which most often occurs in the peripheral nerves of the extremities. Schwannoma can be accompanied by symptoms such as pain, paresthesia, and Tinel sign; however, patients can also be asymptomatic. Here, we present the case of a 17-year-old woman who presented with a slowly growing, asymptomatic, postauricular mass that appeared 10 years prior. Ultrasonography was performed, and the mass was thought to be an epidermal inclusion cyst. However, the clinical manifestation during surgery was not correlated to an epidermal inclusion cyst, leading to the suspicion of schwannoma from the posterior branch of the great auricular nerve. After a meticulous dissection, schwannoma was diagnosed based on a permanent section biopsy. Postoperative complications and recurrence were not observed. Schwannoma in the peripheral nerve area of the face is rare. Therefore, an investigation of tumors that occur where the nerve passes using imaging and clinical features is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of schwannoma and to establish suitable treatment methods.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-37
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• 2008

Diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) is the most common form of diabetic neuropathy, and causes a significant morbidity with an impact on the quality of life in the patients with diabetes. Since DPN frequently induces foot deformity and ulceration, which finally leads to foot amputation, the early detection and treatment is very important for the prevention of a permanent structural change. In the early stage of DPN, the diagnostic methods which can evaluate the function or structure of small nerve fibers should be employed because small nerve fibers are first involved in the course of DPN. However, the nerve conduction study cannot reflect the function of the small nerve fibers, and thus, has a definite limitation in the early diagnosis of DPN. For the early detection of DPN, electrodiagnostic data should be interpreted on a clinical context, along with the careful evaluation of the small nerve fiber functions using the tests such as the analysis of intraepidermal nerve fiber density.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2006

Purpose: To see the effects of capsaicin on the peripheral nerve damage of intervibrissal fur in mature rats, Method: 24 female mature rats($200{\sim}250g$) are divided to 3 groups and compared with each other. Immunofluorescence dye using CGRP and PGP antibodies was performed and 8 weeks after administration of capsaicin with control group. Result: The immunopositive reaction against PGP and CGRP was reduced by the damage of epidermal and dermal endings in unmyelinated sheath and thin myelinated sheath and the group after 8weeks showed distinct positive reaction of PGP and CGRP than the group after 4 weeks which means the recover of nerves. Conclusion: As a result, capsaicin influenced on pain-related neurotransmitter like CGRP when administerd to mature rats and even though it caused the damages on unmyelinated sheath and thin myelinated sheath, the damaged nerves recovered after 8 weeks. Also the research about sensory nerve endings scattered over middle dermal and deep epidermal layers such as lanceolate, merkel reticular, Ruffini endings should be studied when the research of the inner conical body is performed. Further studies are necessary about the toxicity and effect of capsaicin on the peripheral nerve endings.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2003

Small-fiber neuropathy (SFN) is a common clinical problems. The disorder is a generalized peripheral polyneuropathy that selectively involves small-diameter myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibers. It is often idiopathic and typically presents with painful feet in patients over the age of 60. And autoimmune mechanisms are often suspected, but rarely identified. The clinical features consisted of painful dysesthesias and postganglionic sympathetic dysfunction, as well as reduced pinprick and temperature sensation. Although affected patients complain of neuropathic pain, this condition is often difficult to diagnose because of the few objective physical signs and normal nerve conduction studies. Diagnosis of SFN is made on the basis of the clinical features, normal nerve conduction studies, and abnormal specialized tests of small fiber function. These specialized studies include assessment of epidermal nerve fiber density as well as sudomotor, quantitative sensory, and cardiovagal testing. Unless an underlying disease is identified, treatment is usually directed toward alleviation of neuropathic pain.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.196-198
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• 2009

Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is almost always induced by vascular compression but in some cases the cause of HFS are tumors at cerebellopontine angle (CPA) or vascular malformations. We present a rare case of hemifacial spasm caused by epidermoid tumors and the possible pathogenesis of HFS is discussed. A 36-year-old female patient presented with a 27-month history of progressive involuntary facial twitching and had been treated with acupuncture and herb medication. On imaging study, a mass lesion was seen at right CPA. Microvascular decompression combined with mass removal was undertaken through retrosigmoid approach. The lesion was avascular mass and diagnosed with an epidermoid tumor pathologically. Eventually, we found a offending vessel (AICA : anterior inferior cerebellar artery) compressing facial nerve root exit zone (REZ). In case of HFS caused by tumor compression on the facial nerve REZ, surgeons should try to find an offending vessel under the mass. This case supports the vascular compression theory as a pathogenesis of HFS.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2001

기존의 미세주입 및 정자 electroporation에 의한 보다 효율적인 유전자 도입방법을 개선하여 간단하고 고효율성의 유전자 변환기술을 위한 유전자 도입장치의 시제품 개발로 다수의 난자를 전기적으로 단순화할 수 있는 상업화의 가능성을 보여주었다. 도입된 유전자는 모든 초기배에서 발현됨을 보여 주었다. 특히 난황내의 합포체세포(syncytium)에서의 transient성의 강한 발현은 전기자극에 의해 많은 수의 난자에 유전자를 도입하고 100% 발현되는 체계를 이용하여 transient 시기에서 인간 유용단백질 생산의 가능성을 타진할 수 있는 결과를 보여 주었다. 어류유전자 발현의 작동되는가를 검색하기 위해 신경세로조직특이 tubulin promoter 를 이용한 결과 gfp의 발현이 뇌주변과 척추를 중심으로 체내 전반의 신경세포내에 발현이 강하게 나타남을 보여 주었다. 한편 reporter 유전자 이외에 간세포로부터 전체 RNA를 분리시켜 vitellogenin의 분해산물인 phosvitin cDNA의 길이와 promoter지역인 1.6 kb에 대한 primer쌍들을 선정한 상태에서 PCR에 의해 각각 cDNA와 gDNA로부터 cloning 중에 있으며 human factor Ⅶ과 epidermal growth factor, vitellogenin의 3종의 target 단백 질유전자를 구축 및 검정 화인 중에 있다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.525-530
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• 2000

The nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, whereas epidermal growth factors (EGF) stimulate growth and proliferation of the cells. In spite of this difference, NGF-or EGF-treated PC12 cells share various properties in cellular-signaling pathways. These include the activation of the phosphoinositide (PI)-3 kinase, 70 kDa S6 kinase, and in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, following the binding of these growth factors to intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Therefore, many studies have been attempted to access the critical signaling events in determining the differentiation and proliferation of PC12 cells. In this study, we investigated the cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) in neurite behavior in order to identify the differences of signaling pathways between the NGF-induced differentiation and the EGF-induced proliferation of PC12 cells. We have showed here that the $cPLA_2$ was translocated from cytosol to membrane only in NGF-treated cells. We also demonstrated that this translocation is associated with NGF-induced activation of phospholipase $C-{\gamma}(PLC-{\gamma})$, which elevates intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. These results reveal that the translocation of $cPLA_2$ may be a requisite event in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Various phospholipase inhibitors were used to confirm the importance of these enzymes in the differentiation of PC12 cells. Neomycin B, a PLC inhibitor, dramatically inhibited the neurite outgrowth, and two distinct $PLA_2$ inhibitors, 4-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) and arachidonyltrifluoro-methyl ketone ($AACOCF_3$) also suppressed the neurite outgrowth of the cells, as well Taken together, these data indicated that $cPLA_2$ is involved in NGF-induced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.325-331
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• 2001

돌가자미의 피부 상피층을 다층상피층으로 지지세포, 선세포 그리고 과립세포들로 구성된다. 상피층은 지지세포의 형태와 구조에 따라 표면층, 중간층 및 기저층으로 구분 할 수 있었다. 지지세포들의 세포질은 피질부와 수질부로 나누어지는데 피질부에는 미세섬유의 발달이 뚜렷하다. 점액세포들은 단세포선으로 상피의 표면층과 중간층에서 관찰된다. 점액세포의 점액물질은 중성이며, carboxylated mucosubstance의 당단백 질로 확인되었다. 곤봉상세포는 세포질에 잘 발달된 활면소포체와 골지체를 가진다. 과립세포는 주로 중간층과 기저층에 존재하고, 세포질은 막을 가진 전자밀도가 높은 과립들이 차지한다. 색소세포는 세포질에 존재하는 함유물의 전자밀도에 따라 세 종류로 구분할 수 있었으며, 색소세포 근처에서 신경종말을 관찰할 수 있었다.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.86-91
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• 2012

Purpose: Mass can compress around tissue and cause deviation of normal anatomical structures. Often, mass grows toward neurovascular pedicle and encircles depending on the nature of mature mass. Neglecting neurovascular involvement of the mass is a serious problem not to be overlooked. Authors have performed microscopic approach regarding mass involving the neurovascular pedicle in the hand. Materials and Methods: From January 2007 through February 2012, retrospective analysis for nine cases of mass involving neurovascular pedicles was done. Patients were evaluated preoperatively by ultrasonography or MRI and checked intraoperative finding. Masses were evaluated by site, preoperative evaluation, involved neurovascular pedicle, histopathologic diagnosis, complication, and recurrence. Results: The site of mass involving neurovascular pedicles was 4 cases on the wrist, 2 cases on the palm, 2 cases on the finger, 1 case on the hand dorsum. Involved neurovascular pedicles were 3 radial arteries and nerves, 3 proper digital arteries and nerves, 1 radial artery, 1 superficial branch of radial nerve, 1 common digital artery and nerve. The histopathologic diagnosis of mass were 3 ganglions, 2 giant cell tumors, 2 epidermal cysts, 1 fibroma, and 1 benign spindle tumor. There were 2 cases of recurrence and secondary excisions were performed. Conclusion: Neurovascular pedicle injury can lead to serious complication like sensory and motor disorders, distal part ischemia, and so on. In case of mass suspected neurovascular invasion, accurate preoperative evaluation such as ultrasonography or MRI is necessary. To prevent any neurovascular related complication during mass excision, delicate surgical technique using a microscope becomes essential.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.10-20
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• 2016

Objectives: Poncirus trifoliata Rafinesque has been known to have anti-allergic effects in skin diseases. However, anti-atopic dermatitis effects of P. trifoliata Rafinesque have not been studied yet in skin diseases. The present study evaluated the anti-atopic dermatitis effects of P. trifoliata Rafinesque (PTR) using external treatments on AD. Methods: AD lesions were induced by the repeated application of 2, 4-Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the shaved back of BALB/c mice. $100{\mu}{\ell}$ of PTR extracts was applied to the AD lesions for 11 days. Histological assessments, mast cells count and serum levels of IgE were analyzed. The anti-pruritic effects of PTR were examined by the change of scratching frequency and nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of PTR were examined by the expressions of Th2/Th1 cytokines and pro-inflammatory in dorsal skin. Results: Histopathological findings showed that topical application of PTR decreased the thickness of dermal and epidermal skin compared with the DNCB group. PTR also notably decreased the mast cells count and serum IgE. The scratching behavior of mice and expression of NGF were significantly reduced. In addition, PTR group significantly suppressed the IL-4, IL-6, IFN-${\gamma}$ and TNF-${\alpha}$ cytokines compared to the DNCB group. Conclusions: These results indicated that P. trifoliata Rafinesque possess anti-pruritus and anti-atopic dermatitis properties. Therefore, P. trifoliata Rafinesque might be used for treatment of pruritus and atopic dermatitis.