• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.471-479
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• 1995

The recombinant human epidermal growth factor(DWP 401) was investigated on the pharrnacological actions. DWP 401 had no effects on the hexobarbital-induced sleeping time, locomotor activity, rotarod test, body temperature, analgesic action and anticonvulsant action in mice. It also had no influences on the isolated tracheal muscle and ileum of guinea-pig, isolated uterus and fundus strip of rats. Slight hypotensive action with effect on respiration was revealed at a dose of 8 g/kg i.v. of DWP 401 in rabbits. DWP 401 exhibited a weak inhibitory action of glucose tolerance in normal rats, significantly lowered the blood glucose contents in adrenalectomized rats at .a concentration of 160 g,/kg, and produced a significant inhibitory effect on leucocyte migration in CMC-pouch of rats at a concentration of 32 g/rat. Furthermore, DWP 401 showed a significant decrease on gastric juice volume and acidity. However. DWP 401 had no intestinal propulsion rate and influence on urine excretion.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.379-386
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• 2014

PURPOSE. These days, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have received worldwide attention because of their potentiality in tissue engineering for implant dentistry. The purpose of this study was to evaluate various growth inducing factors in media for improvement of acquisition of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and colony forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F). MATERIALS AND METHODS. The mouse BMMSCs were freshly obtained from female C3H mouse femur and tibia. The cells seeded at the density of $10^6$/dish in media supplemented with different density of fetal bovine serum (FBS), $1{\alpha}$, 25-dihydroxyvitamin (VD3) and recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF). After 14 days, CFU-F assay was conducted to analyze the cell attachment and proliferation, and moreover for VD3, the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay was additionally conducted. RESULTS. The cell proliferation was increased with the increase of FBS concentration (P<.05). The cell proliferation was highest at the density of 20 ng/mL rhEGF compared with 0 ng/mL and 200 ng/mL rhEGF (P<.05). For VD3, although the colony number was increased with the increase of its concentration, the difference was not statistically significant (P>.05). CONCLUTION. FBS played the main role in cell attachment and growth, and the growth factor like rhEGF played the additional effect. However, VD3 did not have much efficacy compare with the other two factors. Improvement of the conditions could be adopted to acquire more functional MSCs to apply into bony defect around implants easily.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.248-254
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• 2019

In the present study, we investigated whether quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin derived from Houttuynia cordata affect the production and gene expression of MUC5AC mucin from airway epithelial cells. Confluent NCI-H292 cells were pretreated with quercitrin, quercetin or afzelin for 30 min and then stimulated with epidermal growth factor (EGF) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) for 24 h. The MUC5AC mucin gene expression and production were measured by RT-PCR and ELISA, respectively. The results were as follows: (1) Quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin inhibited EGF- and PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin production from NCI-H292 cells; (2) The three natural products also decreased EGF- and PMA-induced MUC5AC mucin gene expression in NCI-H292 cells. These results suggest that quercitrin, quercetin and afzelin showed the regulatory effect on the steps of gene expression and production of mucin, by directly acting on airway epithelial cells.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.55 no.2
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• pp.95-101
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• 2013

The present study was conducted to test a hypothesis that pork quality traits would be influenced by the systemic and/or local bioavailability of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$ (TGF-${\beta}1$), or epidermal growth factor (EGF) before or at slaughter. To this end, 60 cross-bred female market pigs weighing approximately 110 kg were slaughtered, after which Longissimus dorsi muscle (LM) samples taken at slaughter (D 0) and blood samples taken at D -7 and D 0 were analyzed. The 60 carcasses rendered 36 RFN (reddish-pink, firm, and non-exudative), 16 RSE (reddish-pink, soft, and exudative), and 6 PSE (pale, soft, and exudative); 2 DFD (dark, firm, and dry) also were found but were excluded in subsequent experiments. The $L^*$ and drip loss were greater in PSE vs. RFN and RSE and in PSE and RSE vs. RFN, respectively, as they should (P<0.05). The $pH_{45min}$ was less in PSE vs. RFN (P<0.05); $pH_{24h}$ tended to be less in the former (P=0.09). The LM IGF-I and TGF-${\beta}1$ as well as serum EGF concentrations were less in PSE than in RFN. None of the other LM and serum concentrations of the three growth factors differed across the three pork quality categories. The LM IGF-I and TGF-${\beta}1$ concentrations and serum EGF concentration at D 0 were negatively correlated with drip loss [r = -0.36(P<0.01), -0.44 (P<0.01), and -0.32 (P<0.05), respectively]. However, none of the serum and LM growth factor variables was correlated with $L^*$ or $a^*$ (redness) of LM. Taken together, results suggest that locally expressed IGF-I and TGF-${\beta}1$ and blood-borne EGF may have a beneficial effect on postmortem water holding capacity of the muscle and that pork quality traits could be predicted to some extent from concentrations of IGF-I and TGF-${\beta}1$ in muscle and EGF in serum at slaughter.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2003

대부분의 동물에서 체내 또는 체외수정란의 체외 배양 시 일정한 발육 단계까지 발달한 후 발육지연이나 정지가 되는 체외 발육억제 현상이 나타나게 된다. 특히 돼지에서는 타 가축들과는 달리 4 세포기에서 체외 발육억제 현상이 일어나기 때문에 체외에서의 발육율이 매우 낮아 수정란 생산이 제한되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 돼지 체외발육 억제 현상을 극복하고 돼지 체외 수정란의 체외배양 체계의 기초 자료를 얻고자 돼지 미성숙 난자를 체외에서 성숙, 수정시킨 뒤, 체외 수정란의 배양 시 성장인자와 6탄당의 첨가에 따른 체외 발육율을 검토하였다. 난자의 핵 성숙과 세포질 성숙 및 세포 기능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 알려져 있는 성장인자로는 Insulin-like growth factor-I(IGF-I)과 Epidermal growth factor(EGF)를 사용하였고, 여러 종의 번식기관에 존재하여 배반포 형성을 촉진시키는 것으로 알려진 glucose, mannose, galactose 및 fructose가 6탄당으로 사용되었다. 체외수정란의 발육을 위한 기본 배양액인 NCSU-23에 각각 0, 1, 5, 10 및 20ng/ml의 IGF-I과 EGF를 각각 첨가하여 농도의 차이에 따른 발육율을 검토하였다. 또한 5.56mM의 glucose, mannose, galactose 및 fructose에 5ng/ml의 IGF-I 또는 10ng/ml의 EGF 첨가 유, 무에 따른 초기배 발육율을 검토하였다. 마지막으로, 각각의 6탄당에 위와 같은 농도의 IGF-I와 EGF 공동 첨가 유, 무에 따른 초기배 발육율을 검토하였다. 그 결과 돼지 체외 수정란의 체외 발육 시 배양액 내에 서로 다른 농도의 IGF-I과 EGF를 첨가하였을 때 IGF-I은 5ng/ml(12%)에서, EGF는 10ng/ml(10%)의 실험구에서 가장 높은 배반포기 배의 발육율을 나타냈다. 또한 각각의 6탄당과 IGF-I 또는 EGF 유, 무에 따른 초기배 발육율을 검토한 결과 IGF-I과 EGF 모두 glucose 첨가 시 타 첨가구에 비해 초기 발육 단계의 수정란 발육뿐만 아니라 배반포까지의 배발육(10～11%)이 타 첨가구(3～8%)에 비해 높게 나타났다. 한편, 각각의 6탄당이 첨가된 배양액 내에 IGF-I파 EGF 공동첨가 유, 무에 따른 초기배 발육율을 검토한 결과 모든 실험구에서 EGF와 IGF-I 첨가 시 무첨가보다 높은 초기 배 발육율을 나타냈으며 특히 초기 분열단계 수정란에서는 발육의 차이가 크게 나타났다. 본 연구 결과 성장인자와 6탄당의 첨가는 돼지 수정란의 체외배양 시 초기배 배발육에 효과적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 사료되며, 이는 체외 발육율이 타 가축에 비해 낮은 돼지의 수정란 생산에 있어 체외배양체계의 개선을 위한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것이라 기대된다.

• BMB Reports
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.220-225
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• 2016

Cancer cells have different characteristics due to the genetic differences where these unique features may strongly influence the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions. Here, we show that the spontaneous reactivation of extracellular signalregulated kinase (ERK), distinct from conventional ERK activation, represents a potent mechanism for cancer cell survival. We studied ERK1/2 activation in vitro in SW480 colorectal cancer cells. Although ERK signaling tends to be transiently activated, we observed the delayed reactivation of ERK1/2 in epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated SW480 cells. This effect was observed even after EGF withdrawal. While phosphorylated ERK1/2 translocated into the nucleus following its primary activation, it remained in the cytoplasm during late-phase activation. The inhibition of primary ERK1/2 activation or protein trafficking, blocked reactivation and concurrently increased caspase 3 activity. Our results suggest that the biphasic activation of ERK1/2 plays a role in cancer cell survival; thus, regulation of ERK1/2 activation may improve the efficacy of cancer therapies that target ERK signaling.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.314-318
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• 2005

For treatment of full thickness skin defects caused by trauma or infections, skin grafts or flaps have been the treatment of choice to date. However, in patients who are not candidates for surgery, either due to his general conditions or refusal to receive treatment, supportive methods have been the only means of care, which inherently caused psychological trauma to the patient due to uncertainties of ultimate outcome and the length of treatment. This study aimed to heal full thickness skin defects through application of topical epidermal growth factor in patients who have received 2 to 3 weeks of conservative management using medifoam $B^{(R)}$ without improvement. Six patients from March 2002 to July 2004 were enrolled. The mean size of defects was $5.4{\times}4.6cm$ in 4 patients with carcinoma and $6.4{\times}4.1cm$ in 2 patients with osmidrosis. Commercially available 0.005% EGFR solution was used, and dressing was performed once daily. All patients benefitted from the use of EGF, with closure of skin defects taking an average of 28 days in cancer patients and 22.5 days in osmidrosis cases. EGF can be used as a supportive mean of treatment in the inoperable patients with skin defects, with resultant hastening of healing shortening duration of treatment.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.236-241
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• 2005

A decolorization process using ion exchange chromatography was developed to refine rhEGF as a cosmetic ingredient. A macroreticular resin (D314) was selected, with respect to its high decolorization rate and recovery yield of rhEGF, and the operational conditions of the decolorization process optimized. The optimum conditions were as follows: the rhEGF effluent was ion exchanged at a flow rate of 60.0mL/h, with an effluent pH 5.0, using a chromatographic column (i.d. 16mm) packed with D314, with a 7.5cm in bed height. The decolorization process was carried out under the optimum conditions, and halted when the effluent volume reached 350mL, giving a decolorization rate and recovery yield of rhEGF higher than 67 and $80\%$, respectively. When the decolorization rate exceeded $67\%$, the final product turned out to be white or light yellowish, which was to the satisfaction of the cosmetic standard.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.277-290
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• 2008

The process of wound repair involves an ordered sequence of events such as overlapping biochemical and cellular events that, in the best of circumstances, result in the restoration of both the structural and functional integrity of the damaged tissue. An important event during wound healing is the contraction of newly formed connective tissues by fibroblasts. The polypeptide growth factors, like transforming growth factor-${\beta}$(TGF-${\beta}$, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF- I) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), play very important mediator roles in the process of wound contraction. Deer antlers, as models of mammalian regeneration, are cranial appendages that develop after birth as extensions of a permanent protuberance (pedicle) on the frontal bone. Antlers contain various growth factors which stimulate dermal fibroblast growth. They are involved in digestion and respiration and are necessary for normal wound healing and skin health. In order to investigate and evaluate the effects of red deer antlers on skin wound site, the speed of full-thickness skin wound healing and the expression of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF in skin wounds, three groups of skin full-thickness rat models with a high concentration of antler ointment, a low concentration of antler ointment and without antler ointment were compared. At post-injury days 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, 20, 32, 40 and 60, the skin wound area was measured, the expressions of IGF-I, TGF- ${\beta}$ and EGF mRNA were detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and collagen formation by sirius red dye and the localization of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF peptides were inspected by histological immunohistochemical techniques. Wound healing was significantly more rapid in antler treated skins. In addition, the wound treated with a high concentration antler ointment, a low concentration antler ointment, and the control closed completely at post-injury day 40, day 44 and day 60, respectively. Via RT-PCR, the expressions of IGF-I (day 8 and day 16), TGF-${\beta}$(day 8, day 16 and day 20) and EGF (day 4, day 8, day 16, and day 32) were obviously up-regulated in high concentration antler-treated skins compared to control skins. Similar results could be seen in the histological detection of collagen dye and immunohistochemical methods using the corresponding polyclone antibodies of IGF-I, TGF-${\beta}$ and EGF. These results illustrate that antlers stimulate and accelerate the repair of cutaneous wounds.

• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.525-530
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• 2000

The nerve growth factor (NGF) induces neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells, whereas epidermal growth factors (EGF) stimulate growth and proliferation of the cells. In spite of this difference, NGF-or EGF-treated PC12 cells share various properties in cellular-signaling pathways. These include the activation of the phosphoinositide (PI)-3 kinase, 70 kDa S6 kinase, and in the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway, following the binding of these growth factors to intrinsic receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Therefore, many studies have been attempted to access the critical signaling events in determining the differentiation and proliferation of PC12 cells. In this study, we investigated the cytosolic phospholipase $A_2$ ($cPLA_2$) in neurite behavior in order to identify the differences of signaling pathways between the NGF-induced differentiation and the EGF-induced proliferation of PC12 cells. We have showed here that the $cPLA_2$ was translocated from cytosol to membrane only in NGF-treated cells. We also demonstrated that this translocation is associated with NGF-induced activation of phospholipase $C-{\gamma}(PLC-{\gamma})$, which elevates intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. These results reveal that the translocation of $cPLA_2$ may be a requisite event in the neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells. Various phospholipase inhibitors were used to confirm the importance of these enzymes in the differentiation of PC12 cells. Neomycin B, a PLC inhibitor, dramatically inhibited the neurite outgrowth, and two distinct $PLA_2$ inhibitors, 4-bromophenacyl bromide (BPB) and arachidonyltrifluoro-methyl ketone ($AACOCF_3$) also suppressed the neurite outgrowth of the cells, as well Taken together, these data indicated that $cPLA_2$ is involved in NGF-induced neuronal differentiation and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells.