• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.16.1-16.14
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• 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus epidemic, which was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. The World Health Organization has recorded around 43.3 billion cases and 59.4 million casualties to date, posing a severe threat to global health. Severe COVID-19 indicates viral pneumonia caused by the SARS-CoV-2 infections, which can induce fatal consequences, including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The purpose of this research is to better understand the COVID-19 and ARDS pathways, as well as to find targeted single nucleotide polymorphism. To accomplish this, we retrieved over 100 patients' samples from the Sequence Read Archive, National Center for Biotechnology Information. These sequences were processed through the Galaxy server next generation sequencing pipeline for variant analysis and then visualized in the Integrative Genomics Viewer, and performed statistical analysis using t-tests and Bonferroni correction, where six major genes were identified as DNAH7, CLUAP1, PPA2, PAPSS1, TLR4, and IFITM3. Furthermore, a complete understanding of the genomes of COVID-19-related ARDS will aid in the early identification and treatment of target proteins. Finally, the discovery of novel therapeutics based on discovered proteins can assist to slow the progression of ARDS and lower fatality rates.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.761-770
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• 2023

This study was conducted to identify factors affecting depression in the elderly using three-year Community Health Survey data from 2020, when COVID-19 was declared an epidemic. Differences in depression according to general characteristics, health behavior, subjective health level, and medical use among 220,921 elderly were analyzed using complex samples t-test and ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis was performed to identify factors affecting depression it was carried out. As a result of the study, the level of depression among elderly women was found to be high, with an average of 1.21±0.01 for elderly men and 1.74±0.02 for elderly women, and there was a difference in generation type, with depression being higher in the first generation for elderly men and the third generation for elderly women. Variables that had a great influence on depression were the experience of depression and perceived stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.135-147
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• 2022

Sin Dae-woo was a scholar representing the Ganghwa School in the late Joseon Dynasty. He was Jeong Je-du's grandson-in-law and also in charge of organizing Jeong Je-du's collection of writings. His three sons had a particularly close relationship with their father, so even when they published a collection of writings after his father's death, the names of the three were combined and marked as Jin-jak-shin. The records they left include Seokcheon Il-seung, who described the history of the family along with the collection of writings, Seongdo Il-rok, a diary of the time of Seongcheon Busa, and many letters exchanged over time. These records draw attention as they contain records of medical life, such as eye diseases that the family suffered, infectious diseases that caused many casualties, and Yakro (distilled herbal essence) that showed records of being used for treatment at the time. In this paper: 1) We examine the medicines, prescriptions, acupuncture, and medication used to treat eye diseases. 2) We carefully examine the epidemic, the responses of the parties to it, and the attitudes of those who stood at the boundary between death and life. 3) We look for clues to the use of Western-origin drugs called Yakro. Intellectuals of the time looked deeper into Lee Kyugyung's book and Seo Yu-gu's book on how they were reflected in Joseon's medical life. In conclusion, in the 18th and 9th centuries, we see that the influential families of the Ganghwa school freely brought in famous acupuncturists, used prescriptions that were included in medical books or not, and used Yakro from western origin that were not traditional methods of Joseon. Thus, we reveal that doctors of the Joseon had the capacity to pursue their medical life more actively and had open-minded exchanges than our existing perceptions.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2020

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice due to its high epidemic potential. Understanding BLB resistance at a genetic level is important to further improve the rice breeding that provides one of the best approaches to control BLB disease. In the present investigation, a total of 10,000 accessions of rice germplasm were tested to resistance degree of four Korean isolated races (K1, K2, K3 and K3a) of Xoo by bioassay and a diverse 268 accessions was selected to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using high quality 34,724 SNPs to identify the associated with resistance loci. LOC_Os04g53160 of chromosome 4 was significantly associated with K1 race resistant. LOC_Os11g46230 and LOC_Os11g47150 of chromosome 11 were highly associated with K2 and K3 races as 23.7 and 27.4 of -log(P) value, but K3a resistant loci was weakly associated at LOC_Os03g55270 of chromosome 3. The results of the GWAS validate known gene of BLB resistant and identified novel loci of R genes that provide useful targets for further investigation to help the breeding system and identified gene and QTL provide valuable sources for further functional characterization.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.179-187
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• 2023

The outbreak of COVID-19 had affected almost every part of the world and caused disastrous results, the number of reported COVID-19 cases in past few months have reached to more than 29 million patients in the world globally. This pandemic has adversely affected all the activities of life, ranging from personal life to overall economic development. Due to the current situation, routinely turned to online resources, and people have relied on technology more than they have been before. Since cybercriminals are an opportunist and they utilized this entirely, by targeting the online services for all sectors of life. This fortnight online dependency of the community over the internet opened several easy doors for the cybercriminals. This causes exponential attacks over internet traffic during this epidemic situation. The current Covid-19 pandemic situation appeared at once, and no one was ready to prevail this. However, there is an urgent need to address the current problem in all means. . KSA is among one of the countries most affected by these CA and is a key victim for most cyber-crimes. Therefore, this paper will review the effects of COVID-19 on the cyber-world of KSA in various sectors. We will also shed light on the Saudi efforts to confront these attacks during COVID -19. As a contribution, we have provided a comprehensive framework for mitigating cybersecurity challenges.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.431-439
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• 2023

Objectives: Numerous studies have explored the causes and spread of outbreaks, yet there is a lack of research on post-coronavirus disease 2019 condition (PCC) in Korea. The goal of this study was to identify the various types of PCC and associated factors in discharged patients and to provide directions for the ongoing health management of confirmed patients. Methods: A telephone survey was conducted among 680 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients diagnosed between July 7, 2021 and August 26, 2021, in Dangjin, Chungnam, Korea. A descriptive analysis of characteristics, univariate analysis, and regression were performed using data from basic epidemiological surveys conducted at the time of diagnosis and post-discharge questionnaires. Results: Of the 585 patients who responded, 159 (27.2%) developed PCC. Of the 211 patients with no initial symptoms, 27 (12.8%) developed PCC, versus 132 (35.3%) of the 374 patients with initial symptoms. Among the initial symptoms, fever or chills, cough or sputum, loss of smell, and sore throat were associated with PCC. Compared to patients with less than 10 days of hospitalization, those with a hospitalization period of 21 days to 30 days (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.0 to 5.2) and 31 days or more (OR, 5.8; 95% CI, 1.9 to 18.1) had a higher risk of PCC. Conclusions: More than a quarter of COVID-19 patients, including those who had no initial symptoms, experienced PCC in Korea. People with the initial symptoms of fever, chills, and respiratory symptoms and those who had prolonged hospital stays had a high risk of PCC.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2024

Objectives : This study aimed to explore the association between depression and perceived stress, viral anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, and poor sleep quality among the general population in Bangladesh, with self-efficacy as a possible mediator. Methods : Data on stress and anxiety during the pandemic in Bangladesh were collected through an online survey from September 16, 2021 to October 4, 2021. Viral anxiety and depression were measured using the Bangla version of Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemic-6 (SAVE-6) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), respectively. Self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-efficacy (GSE) scale. Reassurance-seeking behavior related to the coronavirus disease 2019 infection was measured by the Coronavirus Reassurance-Seeking Behaviors Scale (CRBS). Results : The CRBS showed a significant correlation with SAVE-6 (r=0.281, p<0.001) and PHQ-9 (r=0.227, p<0.001). People with higher anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, and poor sleep quality had lower self-efficacy, which led to depression. In contrast, perceived stress increased self-efficacy. The psychological factors impacted depression directly as well as indirectly, and self-efficacy mediated the association. Conclusions : Viral anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, perceived stress, and poor sleep quality have a close correlation with depression both directly and indirectly. Self-efficacy can be a mediating factor in the association between psychological distress and depression. Viral anxiety, reassurance-seeking behavior, and poor sleep quality reduce self-efficacy. On the other hand, perceived stress can strengthen self-efficacy.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

Objectives : The aim of this study is to analyze the news articles related to Korean Medicine(KM) and compare trends in news reports from 2018 to 2022. Method : News articles related to KM were collected through the BigKinds, the news bigdata service of the Korea Press Foundation. News reports from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2022 were searched. 2,950 news articles out of a total of 12,497 met the inclusion criteria. First, quantitative changes in media coverage were analyzed by year, media outlet, and month. For qualitative analysis, two authors independently coded the content of news articles, discussed them until consensus, and consulted with a third researcher to classify them. In addition, keywords extracted by the BigKind's Topic Rank algorithm were compared and analyzed in each year. Results : The number of news articles on KM decreased by 42% in 2022 compared to 2018. Over a fiveyear period, the Naeil Shinmun reported the most on KM among newspapers, while the Hankyoreh did the least. Among broadcasters, YTN reported the most and SBS did the least. When analyzing the reports by category, the most common was 'treatment', followed by 'prevention' and 'scientification'. As a result of extracting keywords with high weight and frequency, 'immunity' and 'immune system' ranked the first and second in 2018, while 'COVID 19' and 'medical law violation' did in 2022. Conclusion : The decrease in media reports on KM during the COVID-19 epidemic period seems to be due to the limited role of KM in responding to infectious diseases, and efforts to expand the scope of KM can induce increased media reports and social interest.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.41-50
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• 2024

Background: Recognizing the seriousness of the misuse and abuse of medical narcotics, the South Korean government introduced the world's first narcotic management system, the Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS). This study aimed to explore the recent one-year opioid prescribing patterns in South Korea using the NIMS database. Methods: This study analyzed opioid prescription records in South Korea for the year 2022, utilizing the dispensing/administration dataset provided by NIMS. Public data from the Korean Statistical Information Service were also utilized to explore prescription trends over the past four years. The examination covered 16 different opioid analgesics, assessed by the total number of units prescribed based on routes of administration, type of institutions, and patients' sex and age group. Additionally, the disposal rate for each ingredient was computed. Results: In total, 206,941 records of 87,792,968 opioid analgesic units were analyzed. Recently, the overall quantity of prescribed opioid analgesic units has remained relatively stable. The most prescribed ingredient was oral oxycodone, followed by tapentadol and sublingual fentanyl. Tertiary hospitals had the highest number of dispensed units (49.4%), followed by community pharmacies (40.2%). The highest number of prescribed units was attributed to male patients in their 60s. The disposal rates of the oral and transdermal formulations were less than 0.1%. Conclusions: Opioid prescription in South Korea features a high proportion of oral formulations, tertiary hospital administration, pharmacy dispensing, and elderly patients. Sustained education and surveillance of patients and healthcare providers is required.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.205-228
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• 2023

In 2020, the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) struck the world. This study examined Korean public libraries' responses during the COVID-19 pandemic to determine their working practices, service patterns, applied strategies, and roles played. The study administered an online survey to 317 public librarians in South Korea. The results indicated that librarians reported significant transitions regarding the services provided. However, only 15.5% of the survey respondents reported that they had experienced trainings/workshops for library staff members. Survey participants also identified challenges such as the limitations of non-face-to-face services, complaints from library patrons, and overwork due to epidemic prevention. When it comes to the expected roles of public libraries in upcoming disasters, the study contends that information providers, who guide the public through various information resources, would play the most critical role. An analysis of a few open-ended questions' answers proliferated the highlighted findings. Based on the key findings, this paper also discussed implications for information professionals and future research.