• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.538-544
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• 1999

To elucidate the involvement of interleukin-$1{\beta}$ converting enzyme (ICE) in the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), we induced EAE by immunizing rats with an emulsion of rat spinal cord homogenate with complete Freund's adjuvant supplemented with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (H37Ra, 5mg/ml) and then examined the expression of ICE in the spinal cord of rats with EAE. In normal rat spinal cords, ICE is constitutively, but weakly, expressed in ependymal cells, neurons, and some neuroglial cells. In EAE, many inflammatory cells are positive for ICE, and the majority of ICE+ cells were identified as ED1+ macrophages. During this stage of EAE, the number of ICE+ cells in brain cells, including neurons and astrocytes, increased and these cells also had increased ICE immunoreactivity. These findings suggest that the upregulation of ICE in both brain cells and invading hematogenous cells is stimulated by a secretory product from inflammatory cells, and that this enzyme is involved in the pathogenesis of EAE via the production of IL-1 beta.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제39권5호
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• pp.378-381
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• 2006

A 65-year-old woman presented with a history of severe lower back pain on forward-flexion for 2 months duration. Magnetic resonance Imaging revealed a high signal mass with a tail on T1-weighted images at the L3 level. A total surgical resection was performed via a posterior approach with the aid of a microscope. Histopathological examination of the tumor revealed two pathological components : lipoma and myxopapillary ependymoma. The presence of dual histological components in one spinal cord tumor is rare. There are no prior reports of both types of cells [adipose and ependymal] grown simultaneously in a single tumor of the filum terminale in the medical literature. We report a unique case of the co-existence of lipoma and myxopapillary ependymoma within the same tumor located at the filum terminale and review related literature.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.62-65
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• 2010

Since the World Health Organization (WHO) classification for central nervous system neoplasms was declared in 2000, chordoid glioma of the third ventricle has been noted as a newly recognized tumor for central nervous system neoplasms. Although there is not enough universal experience to know the nature of this tumor due to its rarity, the origin of chordoid glioma was guardedly proposed to be the ependymal cells of the third ventricle. Such an idea has been primarily based on the specific location of the tumor, that is, third ventricle, suprasellae, and hypothalamus. However, we report a rare case of histologically confirmed chordoid glioma located in the left thalamus, not attached to any of the midline structures having unusual neuroradiological characteristics.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.232-234
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• 2021

Ependymomas arise from ependymal cells and can grow at any site in the central nervous system (CNS), as well as in some locations outside of the CNS. The latter is rare, contributing to the frequent misdiagnoses of such cases. Herein, we present the case of a 54-year-old man with a history of lower limb weakness and numbness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an extradural, heterogeneously enhanced solid lesion with a regular and well-defined border in the posterior mediastinum. A post-resection histopathological examination revealed tumor-forming perivascular pseudo-rosettes that showed immunoreactivity against glial fibrillary acidic protein, epithelial membrane antigen, and vimentin, as well as a high Ki-67 labeling index. Based on pathological features, a diagnosis of anaplastic ependymoma was established.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.975-985
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• 2004

발생기 횐쥐 대뇌피질 발생의 형태적 변화와 이에 미치는 ECEE 영향을 구명하기 위해, 태생 14일, 태생 18일, 생후 수유기 및 이유기와 성체 대뇌를 각 부위로 나누어 H-E 염색으로 관찰하였다. EGEE 투여시 태생 14일에 대뇌피질의 두께는 두정엽피질이 제일 두꺼웠으나$(95{\pm}12.7\;{\mu}m)$, 대조군$(102{\pm}14.0\;{\mu}m)$에 비해 얇았고, 다른 피질에 비해 후두엽피질$(57{\pm}10.5\;{\mu}m)$이 제일 얇았다. 각 엽의 두께는 수유기 때에 급성장하는 경향을 나타내었으나, 이유기 이후 성장이 둔화되어 성체기 때와 유사했으며, 성체기 때는 두정엽피질$(93.4{\pm}21.6\;{\mu}m)$에서 가장 많이 성장하였다. EGEE 투여시 대뇌피질내 신경모세포의 수는 태생 14일 두정엽피질의 외투층에서 제일 많았으나$(207.7{\pm}11.4/10^{-2}\;mm$, 대조군에 비해 감소되었고$(224.2{\pm}13.8/10^{-2}\;mm$, 크기는 출생후 3일 후두엽피질의 뇌실막세포층에서 제일 크게 나타났으나$(7.5{\pm}1.3\;{\mu}m)$), 대조군$(9.0{\pm}1.2\;{\mu}m)$에 비해 감소되었다. 대조군과 같이 과립세포와 추체세포의 수는 두정엽피질의 II층과 III층에서 가장 많았으나, 대조군에 비해 감소되었고, 크기는 후두엽피질의 IV층과 V층에서 가장 컸으나, 대조군에 비해 감소되었다. EGEE 투여시 대조군과 같이 태생기와 출생후 3일까지의 대뇌피질은 뇌실막세포층, 외투층, 연변층의 3층으로 분화되나, 조직내 빈 강소와 공포가 나타나고, 신경모세포가 합착된 양상이 나타났다. 출생후 5일이후 수유기 때 대뇌피질층은 대조군과 동일하게 4층으로 나눌 수 있으나, 과립세포와 추체세포 내에 빈 강소나 공포가 나타났고, 신경세포의 수는 감소하였다. 이유기와 성체기 때는 대뇌피질의 세포층 구분이 뚜렷하지 않고, 외과립세포, 외추체세포들이 섞여 조직내 빈 강소나 공포가 형성되며, 신경세포 주위 혈관의 내강이 확대되거나 합착되어 나타났다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.405-415
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• 1996

This study was carried out to investigate the distribution of inclusion bodies in the tissues as well as to observe the general histopathological lesions of dogs infected with canine distemper. And also, the reliability of diagnostic values of inclusion bodies and the distribution of viral antigen in tissues were inspected by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibody. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Pneumonia observed in dogs infected with canine distemper virus was classified into interstitial, broncho-, and broncho-interstitial pneumonia histopathologically. Each occurring ratio was 35, 45 and 20%. 2. Histopathological classification of the canine distemper encephalitis was 20% in acute, 60% in subacute, and 20% in chronic encephalitis, respectively. 3. The organs in which inclusion bodies were predominantly distributed were stomach(82.6%), cerebellum(62.9%), lung(62.1%), cerebrum(50.0%), urinary bladder (46.1%), kidney(36.0%) and pancreas(25.0%). Intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies were mainly observed in the organs except the brain. 4. Canine distemper virus antigens were detected in the numerous tissues as well as in the inclusion bodies observed in the various organs. Antigen detection ratios in the lung, cerebellum and cerebrum were 68.9, 70.4 and 52.2%, respectively. These ratios were somewhat higher than those of inclusion bodies observed in the organs. 5. Canine distemper virus was mainly distributed in astrocytes and ependymal cells in the brain. These results suggested that the histopathologic diagnosis of canine distemper was reliable, and the spread of canine distemper virus in the brain was related with cerebrospinal fluid pathway.

• BMB Reports
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.208-215
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• 2006

The human ribosomal protein S3 (rpS3) was expressed in E. coli using the pET-I5b vector and the monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were produced and characterized. A total of five hybridoma cell lines were established and the antibodies recognized a single band of molecular weight of 33 kDa on immunoblot with purified rpS3. When the purified rpS3 was incubated with the mAbs, the UV endonuclease activity of rpS3 was inhibited up to a maximum of 49%. The binding affinity of mAbs to rpS3 determined by using a biosensor technology showed that they have similar binding affinities. Using the anti-rpS3 antibodies as probes, we investigated the cross-reactivities of various other mammalian brain tissues and cell lines, including human. The immunoreactive bands on Western blots appeared to be the same molecular mass of 33 kDa in all animal species tested. They also appear to be extensively cross-reactive among different organs in rat. These results demonstrated that only one type of immunologically similar rpS3 protein is present in all of the mammalian brain tissues including human. Furthermore, these antibodies were successfully applied in immunohistochemistry in order to detect rpS3 in the gerbil brain tissues. Among the various regions in the brain tissues, the rpS3 positive neurons were predominantly observed in the ependymal cells, hippocampus and substantia nigra pars compacta. The different distributions of rpS3 in brain tissues reply that rpS3 protein may play an important second function in the neuronal cells.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.107-119
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• 2002

Astrocyte, which shares the greatest part of the brain (about 25%), is a land of glial cell that composes the central nervous system along with microglia, ependymal cell and oligodendroglia. It has 7-9nm of fibers in its cytoplasma, which are composed of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and vimentin. As for the functions of the astrocyte, it has, so far, been supposed that the astrocyte will play a cytoskeletal role in maintaining the structure of the cerebrum, play a role as a blood-brain barrier so that it can induce migration of the neuron in its development and substances in the blood cannot go into the nervous tissue, and a role of immunology and phagocytosis. However, it was revealed today that it will be a role in preventing expansion of injury by attaching itself to the connective tissue such as the vessel and the pia mater when the nervous tissue or the arachnoid is injured. Microcurrent stimulation can control current, on the basis of A unit. That is, with such devices using it, it is possible to sense, from the outside, the injured current(wound current) of the lesion and to change it into the normal current, thereby promoting the restoration of the cells. In order to examine the effects of microcurrent stimulation on the injured astrocytes in the rabbits, this study was conducted with 24 New Zealand White Rabbit as its subjects, which were divided into 8 animals of the experiment group and 16 animals of the control group. After the animals in the experiment group were fixed to the stereotaxic apparatus, their hair was removed and their premotor area(association area) perforated by the micro-drill for skull-perforation with the depth of 8mm from the scalp. In one week after the injury, 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were sacrificed and examined with immunohistochemical method. And in three weeks, the remaining 4 animals in the control group and 8 animals in the experiment group were also sacrificed and examined with the same way. The conclusion has been drawn as follows : In the control group sacrificed in one week after the injury, the astrocytes somewhat increased, compared with the normal animals, and in the group sacrificed in three weeks after the injury, they increased more (p < 0.05). The experiment group A in one week showed a little increase, but there was no significant differences, but the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase, compared with the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). The experiment group B in one week showed more increase than the control group or the experiment group A, and the experiment group in three weeks showed more increase than the experiment group in one week (p < 0.05). Among the astrocytes, fibrous astrocytes were mostly observed, increasing as they are close to the lesion, and decreasing as they are remote from it. The findings show that microcurrent can cause the astrocytes to proliferate and that it will be more effective to stimulate the cervical part somewhat remote from the lesion rather than to directly stimulate the part of the lesion. Thus, microcurrent stimulation can be one of the methods that can activate the reaction of astrocytes, which is one of the mechanism for treating cerebral injury with hemorrhage. Therefore, this study will be used as basic research data for promoting restoration of functions in the patient with injury in the central nervous system.