• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is systematically to examine the changes that have taken place to the community spaces of apartment complexes in the national capital region of Korea. The methodology used in this study entails analyzing existing research and case studies carried out on this subject matter. Prior to these case studies, an existing study had been made of the chronological changes in policy, related laws and regulations in Korea since the 1960s. This case study presents the component ratio and systematized present situation of community spaces in twenty-two apartment complexes. An analysis of the researching process has revealed the following important factors related to the changes that have occurred in community spaces in apartment complexes. (1) Apartment complexes were originally developed in the 1960s to ease the housing shortage. Because the priority was to solve the housing shortage, community spaces were not widely considered or developed. (2) The standard of community spaces was established as mandatory by law in the 1970s, resulting in the emergence of various facilities that provided community spaces. (3) In the 1980s, various design competitions for apartment complexes were conducted as an attempt to improve residential environments. This process resulted in the development of new characteristic of subsidiary facilities. (4) During the period when housing problems were being addressed in the 1990s, the Community Service Center was added to the welfare facilities for residents. (5) Recently, during the 2000s, an improvement in residential environments has evolved due to the expansion of housing supply and economic growth. The quality of community spaces has therefore improved from the 1960s onward. This study revealed that policy and related laws regarding community space in Korea have been developing in a suitable direction and that the addition of various facilities to community spaces has improved the quality of living environments.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2015.11a
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• pp.294-297
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• 2015

Decommissioning of nuclear facilities should be accomplished by assuring the safety of workers because decommissioning activities of nuclear facilities are under high radioactivity and work difficulty. It is necessary that before decommissioning, the radiation exposure dose of workers has to be evaluated and assessed under the principle of ALARA (as low as reasonably achievable). Furthermore, to improve the proficiency of decommissioning environments, method and system need to be developed. The legacy methods of exposure dose measurement and assessment had the limitations to modify and simulate the exposure dose to workers prior to practical activities because those should be accomplished without changes of working routes under predetermined scenarios. To simulate a lot of decommissioning scenarios, decommissioning environments were designed in virtual reality. To simulate and assess the exposure dose to workers, human model also was designed in virtual environments. These virtual decommissioning environments made it possible to real-time simulate and assess the exposure dose to workers. It can be concluded that this system is able to protect from accidents and enable workers to improve his familiarization about working environments. It is expected that this system can reduce human errors because workers are able to improve the proficiency of hazardous working environments due to virtual training like real decommissioning situations. In the end, the safety during decommissioning of nuclear facilities will be guaranteed under the principle of ALARA.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2023

Modeling and Simulation(M&S) technology has been widely used to solve constraints such as time, space, safety, and cost when we implement the same development and test environments as real warfare environments to develop, test, and evaluate weapon systems for the last several decades. The integration and test environments employed for development and test & evaluation are required to provide Live Virtual Construction(LVC) simulation environments for carrying out requirement analysis, design, integration, test and verification. Additionally, they are needed to provide computing environments which are possible to reconfigure computing resources and software components easily according to test configuration changes, and to run legacy software components independently on specific hardware and software environments. In this paper, an Integration Test and Simulation for Engagement Control(ITSEC) bed using a bare-metal virtualization mechanism is proposed to meet the above test and simulation requirements, and it is applied and implemented for an air missile defense system. The engagement simulation experiment results conducted on air and missile defense environments demonstrate that the proposed bed is a sufficiently cost-effective and feasible solution to reconfigure and expand application software and computing resources in accordance with various integration and test environments.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.41-59
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• 1998

Thermal comfort aspect of a locally-cooled target space in warm and humid environments(typically in the rainy summer season) was studied in view of PPD index. First. theoretical analyses were conducted to examine the effect of the governing parameters(such as air temperature, relative humidity and air velocity, etc.) using a computer model. Secondly, experimental investigations were also performed in a climatic room designed to simulate corresponding thermal conditions of outdoor environments. During the tests, temporal variation of PPD was recorded as functions of climatic variables(outdoor and indoor temperatures, relative humidity and air velocity) for the given human factors(metabolic heat generation and clothing). From both theoretical and experimental investigations, air temperature and air velocity were found to be the most dominant parameters affecting PPD of the target space. Results were summarized as: 1. Relative humidity of the locally-cooled target space tends to approach that of outdoor's as the space is subjected to an ON-OFF mode of cooling, since moisture potential of the two rooms reaches an equalized state as a result of moisture diffusion. 2. It was recognized that changes in relative humidity did not show any significance in view of thermal comfort as was reported in the previous studies, while variations of both temperature and air velocity caused relatively large changes in the degree of thermal comfort. 3. In-door environment should be evaluated in terms of PPD instead of relative humidity commonly recognized as an important climatic variable particularly in warm and humid environments.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.508-516
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• 2021

Although scientist have been reporting recently that changes in ocean environment influence the species composition, movements, and growth of fish in Korea waters. Previous studies on fish vulnerability owing to climate changes are insufficient to explain the effect of fluctuating ocean environments on fisheries ground. In this study, we suggested a method for the assessment of fisheries sensitivity to various factors in ocean environments in Korean waters. To evaluate the fisheries sensitivity, catch data (Chub mackerel, Hairtail, Common squid, small yellow croaker) from National federation of fisheries cooperatives in Korea (1991-2017) and oceanographic data from Korea Ocean Data Center (KODC; 1960-2017) were normalized using the z-score method. Thereafter, the fisheries sensitivity was calculated using the difference between the catch data and the oceanographic data. Finally, the fisheries sensitivity was evaluated based on evaluation grade ratings. Result revealed that in the south sea, variability in catch data was obviously higher than environmental fluctuation (evaluation grade 1), indicating that catch variability in response to environmental change is most sensitive in the south sea among Korean waters in 2017. These results would be helpful for fishery management and policy for sustainable yield in Korean waters.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.1279-1289
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• 2000

Recently, research activities for combining portable computer technology and wireless communication technology are in progress to realize mobile computing environment that designed to support mobile hosts in the existing network environments. For PCN environments, the location management strategies are particularly emphasized among various strategies necessary for the mobile computing environment. Location management strategy for PCN environment, which is mostly based on the IS-41 standards brings an issue that additional network traffics are generated to deliver updata messages to home location server whenever a mobile host changes its location server. In this paper, we propose an innovative updata strategy and a search strategy that resolves the problem shown in the IS-41 scheme for HLR/VLR structure of CDMA environments. Also, this paper presents the performance comparison of proposed scheme and scheme used in IS-41 obtained from a simulation. The simulation was conducted based on the number of messages, the rate of database accesses, and the number of hops visited when the location management scheme is executed.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.353-360
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• 2006

A 33-km long sea dyke is being constructed in the Saemangeum area mid-west of Korea to reclaim a surface area of 40,100 ha which includes well-developed tidal flat and two river estuaries. The northern part of the dyke was closed on 10 June 2003, while the southern part was recently closed on 21 April 2006 by plugging two opening gaps of 2.7 km in length. In this study, firstly we review the outlines of key national projects which described marine environments in the Saemangeum area and secondly we present a summary of remarkable changes in marine environments after the closure of the northern dyke, based on marine environmental data collected during 2002-2005. Details in each discipline of the marine environments are presented both in other papers of this special volume and in a series of annual reports of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and fisheries.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2010

A flexible and correct model of the activity flows is required for workflows in product development environments. In particular, the design activity flows are not known until run-time, and conventional approaches have limit to handle this situation because they cannot predefine all the potentially reachable paths. Thus, the structure of the workflow model must be flexible enough to describe variety in workflow design and accommodate dynamic changes during workflow execution. In this paper, we provide the general primitive axioms and change patterns based on event calculus for dynamic workflow specification and execution mechanisms in product development environments. Also, we describe how to execute the workflow dynamically based on the workflow specification and workflow change patterns using abductive planning technique.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.330-341
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• 1996

As the agricultural marketing environments, which are consumers' tastes and preferences, producers' involvements in marketing business, government policy and liberalization of domestic market, have rapidly changed, current marketing systems are facing transitional periods. To cope with changing marketing environments, it is desirable to develop new marketing system that efficiently direct the flow of agricutlural products from producers to consumers. Cyber-marketing system, in which producers and consumers could conduct direct transaction with each other using computer internet system, would be suggested so that marketing stages and costs can be reduced. However, for cyber-marketing to be managed successfully, it is a need to establish data base and information network system for producers' group and consumers' group and to improve the marketing functional performances such as grading, packaging, and storage system.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.16
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• pp.243-279
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• 1989

Public library effectiveness is determined by a complexity of the internal and external environments of the library. The purpose of this article is to investigate community environments and library resources as determinants of the output measures of the 15 municipal libraries in Seoul and to cope with changes in the environments for the improvement of their performance. This study is based on the hypotheses that the library's output would be proportioned to the size of budget and library collection, and to the relationships between the characteristics of the library and of the community in which the library develops. The variables identified in this .study are population density, family size, institutions (social, cultural, financial and educational), presence of the mass media, size of service area, and economic level of the community. The output measures employed for analysis are: number of professional staff, expenditures, number of books in the collection, number of books added annually, total circulation, number of library visits, circullation per capita, library visits per capita, .and registration as a percentage of population. The recommendation made in this study is the innovation of the 15 libraries in organization.