• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.264-275
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to suggest a systematic and effective way of environmental education by analyzing current environment classes being provided as one of elective courses in some middle schools and their impact on the students. To conduct this study, 1,467 students of 36 middle schools were asked to fill out the questionnaire of 30 items and they were divided into two different groups depending upon whether they were taking ‘environment’ classes at school or not. The survey was peformed to see if there is a difference between these two groups in terms of their recognition of environmental problems and their daily practice of that concept. The conclusion is that the students taking environment classes have more knowledge about environmental issues than the ones without the classes, but their actual behaviors show no difference. In that point, it is necessary to take up a more effective and practical way of environmental education together with teaching its theoretical values.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.35-59
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• 1997

In this study, for the effective environmental investigation at the level of planning, environmental assessment model to be integrated with urban comprehensive plans was developed. This model was applied to the Suwon City urban comprehensive plan and was tested to derive the future application program and the adaptability to the current research issues. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, we defined basic items for environmental assessment as to be used in the developed SEA model. We also defined three ranges and twelve items for the environmental assessments, which can be used in the assessment of the urban comprehensive plan through the expert advices. Second, we performed the case study by applying the developed SEA model to the Suwon City urban comprehensive assessment, and investigated the environmental impacts through an expert inquiry at the "phase 5" of the model. The results of the case study showed that Suwon City urban comprehensive plan contained partially discrepancies at the goal of the planning. The spatial strategy for leisure, park and open space, and green belt was analysed not to be effective in energy use. The case study also indicated that the environments of Suwon City are expected to be much worse in each sectional plan, if the City was to implement the present five sectional plans for life boundary and distribution of population, land use plan, transportation plan, industrial development plan, and life environmental plan. Third, according to the result of the case study, an mitigation plan for urban comprehensive plan of Suwon City was proposed as the following four stages; modification of planning goal, modification of site alternatives, modification of planning contents, and proposal of mitigation measures.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.80-89
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to elucidate the concept of the internal value of environmental education (EE), and to present a new concept of 'Inquiry-Based EE' as a method to realize the internal value of EE. Since the introduction of EE, the 'external' value has been overwhelmingly present, as is shown in the commonly expressed purpose of EE. The ultimate goal of EE has been considered as to solve environmental problems through educational approach, which is important, but external value in relation with education. Generally, education has its own value, which may be more important than external value. But in EE area, that idea has not been discussed much. So, this study argued that EE has, or should have, the internal value of education. This study also examined the concept of inquiry, and presented it as two types of inquiry: the scientific inquiry and the 'insightful inquiry', and argued that the insightful inquiry is important as well as scientific inquiry in EE. Then, this study presented a new concept of 'inquiry-based EE', which can be defined as EE that is based on both the scientific and insightful inquiries, and makes the student be able to 'see' the world with the environmental world view. Lastly, this study presented also a new concept of 'Environmental Studies for EE, (ESEE)'. This means that the traditional environmental science is considered to be not well developed under the perspective of EE. From this viewpoint, this study presented the needed contents of the conceptually presented ESEE. In short, this research asserts that 'inquiry-based EE' is needed to make students 'see' the world environmentally, which is the very important value of EE, the internal value of EE, not very much examined. The 'inquiry-base EE' is considered to possibly advance EE as a new paradigm.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.315-324
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• 2002

Risk communication can be defined as the exchange of information about the nature, magnitude, significance, acceptability, and management of risk. The effect of risk communication on the perception and knowledge towards risk of environmental pollutants and it's related factors were investigated in this study. To investigate perception and knowledge of students and teachers towards risk of environmental pollutants, we conducted the survey using self-administrated questionnaire. The subjects were 574 for the first survey and 465 for the seconds survey from May to June, 2000. The main methods of transmission used in this study- through video tape, visual materials, question and answer, and participation in measuring pollutants - were not a one - way street. But an interactive process where information and opinions were exchanged among individuals, groups, and institutions. Environmental pollutants measured with participation of study subjects was Radon in the class room. The concentration of Radon was measured using E -PERM Device by installing it at each site for about 5 days. Subjects showed much interest in environmental pollution. Also, more than 98％ of total subjects were perceived as Korea is seriously contaminated at present. By risk communication activity, risk perception of all subjects about Radon was increased, on the other hand, risk perception of Dioxin was decreased except for elementary student. Moreover, knowledge of all subjects about environmental risk was significantly increased (p =0.0001) and effort of reducing environmental pollution was more increased (p<0.05). There is need to further develop, refine, and integrate these approaches environmental risk communication study, there is an even more pressing need to accelerate the diffusion of environmental risk communication practice into government and organizations.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.109-121
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• 1985

A study on the image identification of urban streetscape is valuable for illuminating identity that is not yet fully approached in the field of environmental design. This analysis of urban streetscape for image identification allows us to make a more detailed exploration of an important approaching methods in dealing with the structural characteristics of identity. As a matter of fact, the earlier indirect studies on this image identification were made by environmental designers, such as architectural and urban designer in the field of environmental perception and came to its environmental cognition & environmental pattern research with assistances by such researchers as K. Lynch A. Rapoport & Christopher Alexander. Through its environmental perception research, we can see its structural characteristics that is aesthetic & visual structural contents of physical environmental elements. And we can see its cognitive characteristics through the environmental cognitive research, that is continuity, territoriality, identity of place, uniqueness or individuality, meaning & symbolism. Through its environmental pattern research, we can see its physical, socio - economic, cultural and symbolic pattern identification contents, that is physical form of the city, style of the street, pattern of streetscape, socio- economic & geographical locality, arid life cycle, life style, common style of the behavior, cultural pattern of the activity, socio - cultural expression of the symbol. In these process, we can set up a set of the environmental design criterias from those three integral studies for identity. And for an environmental research, Tongsung-Ro around the CBD (central business district) in Taegu City was selected for a case study, because this streetscape is suitable for that approaching methods in this study.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.482-492
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• 2012

Objectives: The main purpose of this study is to produce background data which can be compared with data on vulnerable areas such as industrial complexes in Ulsan, SihwaBanwol, Gwangyang, Yeosu, Pohang, Cheongju and Daesan in Korea. Methods: This study was performed on 1,007 local residents in Gangneung using personal questionnaires and medical check-up. Environmental pollutants including heavy metals in blood and urine were analyzed and the results are as follows. Results: According to the results of medical check-up, 705 subjects were "Normal (A and B)", 232 subjects were "Disease doubtful (R1)" and 70 subjects were "High blood pressure or Diabetes doubtful (R2)". Regarding geometric mean concentration, blood lead was 1.57 ${\mu}g/dL$, urine cadmium was 0.82 ${\mu}g/g-cr$, urine mercury was 0.98 ${\mu}g/g-cr$ and urine arsenic was 15.78 ${\mu}g/g-cr$. In the analysis of 11 kinds of VOCs in blood, vinyl chloride, 1,3-butadiene and dichloroethylene were not detected, while the detection rate of other chemicals was above 70% except chloroform(49.7%) and trichloroethylene(19.0%). In analysis of 16 kinds of PAHs in blood, 10 kinds showed more than 80% in detection rate. Also, detection rate of 4 kinds of PCBs in blood ranged 52 to 78%. Conclusions: Compared with industrial compelxes, the concentration of blood lead was lower, while urine cadmium and mercury levels were similar. Also, urine arsenic ranged at a significant level. Further study is required to find the cause of regional differences in concentrations of environmental pollutants.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

This study aims to present and develop 'teacher professional model and standards of assessing students in environmental education for sustainability'. To achieve the purpose, this study was progressed in the following stages. First, based on the results of purposes and objectives developing in environmental education, the concept and components of environmental literacy, which are utilized in environmental education as a means of creating sustainable education were analyzed. Second, the qualities, which environmental teacher should have as an expert were identified through a process of researching literature and professional meeting. Based on the result, the categories and elements of the qualities which an environmental teacher should be have in order to provide expert evaluation of students in their environmental classes were extracted and teacher professional model assessing students was developed. Third, based on the above teacher professional assessing model, standards of assessing in environmental education for sustainability were established. Fourth, based on the teacher professional model and standards of assessing students in environmental education, assessing items corresponding to components of environmental literacy were presented. By presenting and developing 'teacher professional model and standards of assessing students in environmental education for sustainability' in this study, we expect that the model and standards can support to improve school teachers' assessing professionalism in selecting assessing methods, designing assessing process, and analyzing and applying the results of the assessment.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2008

Since 2003, the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER) of Korea has been conducting "The monitoring study on exposure level and biomarkers of environmental pollutants" in the Ulsan industrial complex with the goals to establish a surveillance system for residents, to evaluate the health effects associated with chronic exposure to environmental pollutants and to develop the environmental health indicators in Ulsan industrial complex. This program consists of three phases an initial or foundation phase in which the program is developed, made operational and extended to the community, followed by an evaluation and accountability assessment of the surveillance system and finally an improvement in the quality of life and the maintenance of good health for Ulsan residents. In the period 2003 to 2008, the study program developed the surveillance system which will be used for the full-length survey. All participants in this study were contacted at a presentation meeting for residents, introduced to the objectives and protocols of the survey, and asked to participate. Informed consent was obtained from each participant. The study is now underway and includes questionnaires, health examinations and the analysis/collection/banking of bio-sample such as blood and urine. To date 828 subjects have participated and already 588 subjects have been followed up. We are committed to complete health examinations and to arrange storage of biosample for all participants. During the current year, we will analyze metals (Pb in blood and Cd, inorganic As and Hg in urine) in 1,972 samples and VOCs (11 species) and PARs (18 species) in 300 samples (blood sample). Moreover, the summary of the first step and the further preparation of the second step are currently underway. In this article, we introduce the study and its protocols and the distribution and size of the study participants. In conclusion, this survey will be continuously conducted on the established cohort and will enable the identification of relationship between environmental pollutant exposures and the health status of residents in Ulsan industrial complex.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.19-39
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• 1999

Firstly, the goals and the domains of contents of environmental education was classified in order to systematize the contents of environmental education which would be taught in each subject. According to these goals and domains of contents, the contents of 10 subjects (Korean Language, Ethics, Social Studies, Mathematics, Science, Music, Arts, Physical Practicum(Technology and Heme Economics), English were analyzed. The norms in the analysis of the goals of environmental education by each subject were 4 domains: information and knowledge, skills, value & attitudes, & action and participation. The norms in the analysis of the contents of environmental education by each subject were 11 domains: natural environment, artificial environment, population, industrialization/urbanization, resources, environmental pollution, environmental preservation and measures, environmental sanitation, environmental ethics, environmentally sound and sustainable development(ESSD), and sound consumption life. As a result, it was found that all the 4 domains of goals in environmental education could come true. Furthermore, the goals of environmental education were found to be reached in the subjects of Korean Language, Music, Arts, Physical Education, Mathematics, English, etc., which had been thought to have nothing to do with environmental education. It was also found that the contents of each subject could deal with its own unique environmental contents. The result of this study can keep all subjects from overlapping in environmental contents, and can make the most of each subject's characteristics. Also, the result of this study will be referenced in developing the teaching and learning materials for environmental education according to each subject.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.365-374
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to clarify the effects of the environmental education system focusing on the knowledge, attitude and practice in relation to environmental education to the students in Mokpo middle school. The study is accomplished by the survey which includes a total of 268 inquiry lists sampled from four groups of the middle school, one of which composing of two middle schools having the environmental curriculum, hereafter referred as 'the case group' and the other group of two middle schools without the curriculum, hereafter referred as the 'the control group'. From the results of the average scores on the environmental knowledge, attitude and practice between the two groups, the case group showed better knowledge scores than the control group (p<0.05). The case group with environmental education were relatively high to the control group without environmental education to the attitude(p<0.05), and did not showed signifiant differences in the environmental practice. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis, the factor affecting the environmental knowledges was the interest in the environment problems ($R^2=0.130$), economic status, academic achievement and the necessity of environment conservations in order. The factor most affecting to environmental attitude and practice were the interest in environmental problems of the parents.