• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.144-150
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• 2012

${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid that is widely distributed in plant and animal kingdom. GABA is found in tissues of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals. GABA functions as a the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS by acting through the GABA receptors. Clinical studies have revealed the relationship between an increased intake of GABA or analogues with several health benefits, including lowering of blood pressure in mildly hypertensive animals and humans. Furthermore, GABA would also has an inhibitory effect on cancer cell proliferation, stimulates cancer cell apoptosis and plays a role in alcohol-associated diseases and schizophrenia. In plants, interest in the GABA emerged mainly from experimental observations that GABA is largely and rapidly produced in large amounts in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study, we speculated the properties and metabolism of GABA in plant and functions in relation to the responses to environmental stresses.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.111-111
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• 2001

The relationship between selenium and signal molecules is not well elucidated yet. It was found that physiological concentration of selenite, less than 3 $\mu$M, reduced ASKl activity and induced of PI3-Kinase/Akt pathways in HT1080 cells. Duration of these signal molecules by selenite was much longer than that by growth factors and other stresses. The longer duration time of these signal molecules may be important to maintain normal functions against stresses.(omitted)

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2020

In eukaryotes, membraneous cellular compartmentation essentially requires vesicle trafficking for communications among distinct organelles. A donor organelle-generated vesicle releases its cargo into a target compartment by fusing two distinct vesicle and target membranes. Vesicle fusion, the final step of vesicle trafficking, is driven intrinsically by complex formation of soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs). Although SNAREs are well-conserved across eukaryotes, genomic studies revealed that plants have dramatically increased the number of SNARE genes than other eukaryotes. This increase is attributed to the sessile nature of plants, likely for more sensitive and harmonized responses to environmental stresses. In this review, we therefore try to summarize and discuss the current understanding of plant SNAREs function in responses to biotic and abiotic stresses.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

Cantilevers are unique statically determinate structural elements with respect to their mode of overall buckling, in that the tension flange is the critical flange under gravity loading, and is the flange that deflects greatest during overall buckling. While this phenomenon does not complicate the calculation of the lateral buckling load, either theoretically or in structural design codes, it has been shown in previous research that the influence of distortion in the elastic buckling of cantilevers is not the same as that experienced in the elastic buckling of simply supported beams. This paper extends the study of the distortional buckling of cantilevers into the hitherto unconsidered inelastic range of structural response. A finite element method for studying the inelastic bifurcative instability of members whose cross-sections may distort during buckling is described, and the efficacy of the method is demonstrated. It is then used to study the inelastic distortional buckling of hot-rolled I-section cantilevers with two common patterns of residual stresses, and which may be restrained elastically from buckling by other structural elements.

• 대한전기학회논문지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.294-300
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• 1996

In hydro-generator, a groundwall insulation of stator windings gradually deteriorates due to mechanical, thermal, electrical and environmental stresses. These stresses combine to result in loose windings, delamination of the stator insulation and/or electrical tracking of the endwinding, all of which can lead to stator insulation failures. Conventionally, off-line tests such as partial discharge measurement, DC/AC current and .DELTA.tan.delta. tests has been used for estimation of winding condition. However, off-line test requires large power supply and generator outage. In addition, major cause of insulation problems such as loose wedges and slot dischages may not be found with off-line diagnoses. This paper introduces the on-line partial discharge measurement techniques using frequency spectrum analyzer(FSA) for the generator stator windings. The experimental results from the UIAM #1 hydro-generator confirms a optimistic application of on-line generator diagnosis method as a reliable tool for evaluation of winding condition.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.635-650
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• 2000

In this paper, the adaptive nodal generation procedure based on the estimated local and global error in the element-free Galerkin (EFG) method is proposed. To investigate the possibility of h-type adaptivity of EFG method, a simple nodal refinement scheme is used. By adding new node along the background cell that is used in numerical integration, both of the local and global errors can be controlled adaptively. These errors are estimated by calculating the difference between the values of the projected stresses and original EFG stresses. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop the reliable nodal generator based on the local and global errors that is estimated posteriori. To evaluate the performance of proposed adaptive procedure, the convergence behavior is investigated for several examples.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2023

Transcription factor NRF2 (NF-E2-related factor 2) is a master regulator of cellular responses against environmental stresses. NRF2 induces expression of detoxification and antioxidant enzymes and suppresses inductions of pro-inflammatory cytokine genes. KEAP1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1) is an adaptor subunit of CULLIN 3 (CUL3)-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. KEAP1 regulates the activity of NRF2 and acts as a sensor for oxidative and electrophilic stresses. NRF2 has been found to be activated in many types of cancers with poor prognosis. Therapeutic strategies to control NRF2-overeactivated cancers have been considered not only by targeting cancer cells with NRF2 inhibitors or NRF2 synthetic lethal chemicals, but also by targeting host defense with NRF2 inducers. Understanding precise molecular mechanisms how the KEAP1-NRF2 system senses and regulates the cellular response is critical to overcome intractable NRF2-activated cancers.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1988

$K_0$-압밀점토(壓密粘土)의 응력(應力)-변형거동(變形擧動) 및 강도특성(强度特性)에 미치는 주응력회전(主應力回轉)의 영향을 조사하기 위하여 중공원통형공시체(中空圓筒型供試體)에 대하여 응력경로(應力徑路)를 여러가지로 변경시키면서 비틀림전단시험(剪斷試驗)을 실시하였다. 본(本) 연구(硏究) 결과로부터 응력경로(應力徑路) 및 주응력회전(主應力回轉)은 주로 파괴(破壞) 이전의 응력(應力)-변형거동(變形擧動)에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 비틀림전단시험(剪斷試驗) 결과로부터 얻어진 파괴강도(破壞强度)는 등방체(等方體)에 제안된 파괴규준(破壞規準)(failure criterion)과 실용적으로 잘 일치하였으며, 전단응력(剪斷應力)과 연직응력(鉛直應力)이 함께 작용될 때 응력(應力)과 변형율(變形率) 사이에 결합효과(結合効果)(coupling effect)가 발생하였다. 마지막으로 비틀림전단시험(剪斷試驗) 결과에 대한 일공간(空間)(work space)개념이 설명되고 응력(應力)과 변형율증분(變形率增分) 사이의 관계가 이 일공간(空間) 상에서 검토되었다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.59-70
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• 1992

풍하중(風荷重)을 받는 쌍곡 냉각탑의 비탄성(非彈性), 비선형(非線型) 극한(極限) 거동(擧動)을 Cray Y-MP 슈퍼 컴퓨터에 개발(開發)한 유한요소(有限要素)컴퓨터 프로그램으로 연구(研究)하였다. 유한요소 망(mesh)을 각각 잘게 잘라서 3모델을 만들고, 이 모델들을 이용하여 탄성과 비탄성 해석으로 유한요소 망의 수렴관계(mesh convergence)를 연구하였다. 연구결과 유한요소의 크기가 냉각탑의 극한거동을 예측하는데 매우 중요한 역할을 하고있음을 볼 수 있었다. 비록 쌍곡 냉각탑이 풍하중(風荷重)에 대해서 막응력(膜應力)(membrane stress)으로 저항하나, 본 연구(研究) 결과(結果) 휨응력(應力)(bending stress)도 냉각탑의 파괴와 거동(擧動)에 매우 중요한 역할을 하고 있음을 알아 내었다. 해석(解析)한 냉각탑은 형성값(Shape factor)이 1.48에 이르렀고, 이는 냉각탑의 자오선 응력(meridional stress)이 원둘레방향으로 상당히 재분배 되고 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 이러한 재분배에 대한 사실은 배치된 철근의 항복이 바람방향 자오선으로부터 $30^{\circ}C$에 까지 나타난 것으로 더욱더 뚜렷하였다. 현재의 탄성해석을 이용하는 냉각탑 설계(設計) 방법은 안전(安全)측에 있음을 보여 주었으며, 1보다 큰 형상값을 설계시에 활용하기 위해서는 더욱더 많은 연구가 선행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제26권2B호
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• pp.139-144
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• 2006

측벽이 존재하는 개수로 난류흐름에 대한 DNS 자료를 사용하여 레이놀즈 전단응력 및 이차흐름의 생성메커니즘을 규명하였다. 측벽 부근에서 이차흐름의 양상을 보면, 상부 및 하부 모서리 부근에서는 측벽을 향해 침투되는 이차흐름이 형성된 반면, 그 외의 영역에서는 수로 중앙을 향해 분출하는 이차흐름이 형성된 것으로 나타났다. 측벽 부근에서 레이놀즈 전단응력의 분포를 산정하였으며, 고유구조와 연계하여 분석하였다. 사분면 해석에서 측벽을 향해 침투되는 이차흐름이 생성된 영역에서는 쓸기현상이 지배적인 반면, 측벽으로부터 분출되는 이차흐름이 형성된 영역에서는 분출현상이 지배적인 것으로 나타났다. 또한 조건부 사분면 해석을 통해 레이놀즈 전단응력의 생성 및 이차흐름의 양상이 지배적인 고유구조의 방향성에 의해 결정된다는 것을 확인하였다.