• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.185-202
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• 2000

Uncertainty and variability in Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) have been significant key issues in LCA methodology with techniques in other research area such as social and political science. Variability is understood as stemming from inherent variations in the real world, while uncertainty comes from inaccurate measurements, lack of data, model assumptions, etc. Related articles in this issues were reviewed for classification, distinguish and elaboration of probabilistic/stochastic health risk analysis application in LCA. Concept of focal zone, streamlining technique, scenario modelling and Monte Carlo/Latin Hypercube risk analysis were applied to the uncertainty/variability analysis of health risk in LCA. These results show that this general framework of multi-disciplinary methodology between probabilistic health risk assessment and LCA was of benefit to decision making process by suppling information about input/output data sensitivity, health effect priority and health risk distribution. There should be further research needs for case study using this methodology.

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2002

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.11-24
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• 1993

Methodology for health risk assessment has been developed by governmental agencies and research institutions in the United States concerning environmental and industrial health such as Environmental Protection Agency, Pood and Drug Administration, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration. The basic concept, process, and scientific rational of the health risk assessment are discussed in order to introduce this field of research for future application to risk assessment and management in Korea. As environmental criteria for most of the environmental carcinogens and nonfarcinogens are set based on the quantitative risk assessment, this quantitative methodology should be emphasized and studied in Korean situation.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-84
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• 2001

Differences in risk perception on major environmental issues between general public and environmental experts were investigated in this study. Questionnaire surveys were conducted to samples from general public and environmental experts during March and April, 2000. Total number of responses was 1,126 including 773 persons from general public and 353 experts. Risk perceptions on 26 environmental issues were related with the need to regulate each issue, controllability, experience, political views, interest in environmental problem, satisfaction of environment, severity of environmental pollution. There was statistically significant difference in risk perceptions between general public and experts. Overall, general public was likely to perceive risks associated with environmental problem, as well as social need to regulate these problems more than experts. The issues with high risk perception and need to regulate were 'automobile exhaust', 'industrial air pollution', ocean pollution by industrial waste and oil exhaust', 'air pollution by chemicals', 'surface water pollution by waste from household', 'industrial and hospital waste', 'surface water pollution by pesticide'and'sewage and food waste'. Consequently, it seems necessary to manage these issues, prior to others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.126-126
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• 2002

Histopathological changes and cadmium accumulations in the gills were investigated in crucian carp(Carassius auratus) exposed to 0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5mg/$\ell$ cadmium(Cd) concentrations for 25 days. After 25 days of exposure, cadmium accumulations increased in each of the different exposure concentrations.(omitted)

• Proceedings of the Korea Environmental Mutagen Society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.61-61
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• 2004

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2010

Ecological risk assessment (ERA) has been used to establish environmental quality standards or evaluate ecological risk in site-specific areas. The scope of ERA was expanded based on regions, and the concept of regional-scale ecological risk assessment was recently introduced in developed countries. In the present study, regional ERA approaches of relative risk model (RRM), contaminants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (CATS) model, and procedure for ecological tired assessment of risks (PETAR) in advanced countries were extensively investigated. Regional ERA was compared with traditional ERA process. Stressors, receptor and response in traditional ERA were replaced with sources of stressors, habitats, and ecological impacts, respectively in regional ERA. This study introduces the concept and assessment process of regional ERA, and provides a wide perspective how the relative ERA could be applied in Korean ecosystem.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2006

Transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana plants harboring the coat protein(CP) gene of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus(ZGMMV) were chosen as a model host for the environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants with virus resistance. This study was focused on whether new virus type may arise during serial inoculation of one point CP mutant of ZGMMV on the transgenic plants. In vitro transcripts derived from the non-functional CP mutant were inoculated onto the virus-tolerant and -susceptible transgenic N. benthamiana plants. Any notable viral symptoms that could arise on the inoculated transgenic host plants were not detected, even though the inoculation experiment was repeated a total of ten times. This result suggests that potential risk associated with the CP-expressiing transgenic plants may not be significant. However, cautions must be taken as it does not guarantee environmental safety of these CP-mediated virus-resistant plants, considering the limited number of the transgenic plants tested in this study. Further study at a larger scale is needed to evaluate the environmental risk that might be associated with the CP-mediated virus resistant plant.

• Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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• v.35
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• pp.35.1-35.11
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• 2023

Background: Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are the most common cause of death worldwide. Various CVD risk assessment tools have been developed. In South Korea, the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency (KOSHA) and the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) have provided CVD risk assessments with health checkups. Since 2018, the KOSHA guide has stated that NHIS CVD risk assessment tool could be used as an alternative of KOSHA assessment tool for evaluating CVD risk of workers. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation and agreement between the KOSHA and the NHIS CVD risk assessment tools. Methods: Subjects of this study were 17,485 examinees aged 20 to 64 years who had undergone medical examinations from January 2021 to December 2021 at a general hospital. We classified subjects into low-risk, moderate-risk, high-risk, and highest-risk groups according to KOSHA and NHIS's CVD risk assessment tools. We then compared them with cross-analysis, Spearman correlation analysis, and linearly weighted kappa coefficient. Results: The correlation between KOSHA and NHIS tools was statistically significant (p-value < 0.001), with a correlation coefficient of 0.403 and a kappa coefficient of 0.203. When we compared risk group distribution using KOSHA and NHIS tools, CVD risk of 6,498 (37.1%) participants showed a concordance. Compared to the NHIS tool, the KOSHA tool classified 9,908 (56.7%) participants into a lower risk category and 1,079 (6.2%) participants into a higher risk category. Conclusions: In this study, KOSHA and NHIS tools showed a moderate correlation with a fair agreement. The NHIS tool showed a tendency to classify participants to higher CVD risk group than the KOSHA tool. To prevent CVD more effectively, a higher estimation tool among verified CVD risk assessment methods should be selected and managements such as early intervention and treatment of risk factors should be performed targeting the high-risk group.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 1995

In generally speaking, the purpose of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) is to give the environment its due place in the decision-making process by clearly ealuating the environmental consequence of a proposed activity before action is taken. The introduction of conventional EIA is to be seen as an end product of a very long evolutionary process, starting with rudimentary but evolving pollution control measures for air, water, noise, land and chemicals, each governed by separate, and separately administered pieces of legislation. In EIA process, the measures of status, scoping, proposed mitigation and communication have not been very quantitative in their significancy. Of course, the determinations have uncertainity in the implications for significant impacts. To improve the determination of significant impacts, some more comprehensive methodologies of EIA has been proposed with the concepts of risk analysis in the proposed projects. The concepts of risk analysis has been introduced to the expression of human health impairment due to environmental pollutants since the early 1980's. The risk analysis being meant by the statistical significance of impact has a process quantitatively considering uncertainities and importances of ecological systems and human health as well. The process of risk analysis shows assessment, doseresponse in toxicity, exposure assessment and risk characterization. With the risk assessment, it could be suggested for the proper measurements against their anticipated risk in the EIA. This paper deals the priciples developing process and application of the risk-based analysis in EIA.