• 학습자중심교과교육연구
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.7-45
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• 2018

인간 문명 사회의 구조와 체계에 기인하는 현대의 환경문제는 이제 지구 전체의 생태적 지속 가능성을 위협하는 생태위기로 변모하였다. 이러한 생태위기는 인간 사회의 존속 자체를 어렵게 한다는 점에서 또한 사회위기라 할 수 있다. 이러한 구조·체계적인 생태-사회 위기에 대한 우리의 대응은 사회 구조·체계적인 것이어야 한다는 점에서 우리 사회는 생태적으로 지속 가능한 사회를 지향, 추구해야 한다. 생태적으로 지속 가능한 사회를 달성하려는 노력은 생산·소비 양식을 포함한 생활 전반의 양식과 사회의 확립된 권력 구조의 변화라는 근본적이고 광범위한 변화를 요청하고 있다. 우리 사회에 요청되는 이러한 변화는 자연과 올바른 관계 정립에서 출발해야 한다는 점에서 우리는 가치구속적이고 가치지향적인 이념질서로 국가 공동체의 법적 기본질서인 헌법의 새로운 정립에 주목할 필요가 있다. 종래 필자는 생태적으로 지속 가능한 사회의 규범질서로 헌법의 생태화 곧 생태 헌법(ecological constitution)이 필요함을 주장하며, 생태 헌법의 핵심 가치로 ① 자연환경과 생명(동물등) 가치, ② 생태적 지속 가능성, ③ 환경국가 원리, ④ 참여를 제시하였다. 이 글에서 기존의 주장 내용을 더 발전시켜 생태적으로 지속 가능한 사회를 위한 헌법 규범의 틀로 환경국가 원리를 제시하고자 한다. 1980년 후반 독일에서 환경국가(Umweltstaat) 개념을 처음으로 사용한 미하엘 클로푀(M. Kloepfer)에 따르면 "환경국가"는 "환경의 불가침성을 국가의 과제 및 결정의 척도와 절차 목표로 하는 국가(제도)"를 말한다. 여기서는 환경의 불가침성을 보다 적극적으로 형성적 측면에서 규정함으로써 환경국가를 "한편으로 자연에 대한 사회적 요구와 다른 한편으로 자연적 생활기반의 유지 간의 균형을 보증하고 그것을 함께 형성하는 국가" 곧 "환경형성국가"로 정립하고자 한다. 이러한 맥락에서 환경국가 원리의 구성 요소를 다음과 같이 정립하고자 한다. 먼저 환경국가의 이념 토대는 ① 인간 존재와 비 인간 존재로 구성되는 지구 위 생명공동체의 존중, ② 자연의 내재 가치 인정, ③ 자연과 공존·조화로 한다. 환경국가의 핵심 과제로 ① 환경권 보장, ② 지구 생태계와 미래 세대에 대한 책임 그리고 ③ 동물의 이익주체성의 인정으로 본다. 환경국가 원리를 실현하기 위한 핵심 사회체계로 ① 경제질서와 ② 국토 및 자연자원의 지속가능한 보전·관리 및 ③ 농어업 및 지역 공동체를 제시한다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.163-173
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• 2006

The so called Antarctic Treaty System, started from the Antarctic Treaty in 1959, has gradually been enlarged into the concept of an international environmental regime, which has been included in not a few international institutions, treaties, conventions, and international non-governmental organizations (INGO). This kind of movement, as in the role of an international environmental regime, has recently been highlighted in the Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. This Protocol is taking appropriate measures as an international environmental regime in regulating its member nations by enforcing principles in protecting Antarctic resources and environment, regulating member nations' Antarctic activities, establishing norms in the adoption of international and domestic laws, and devising regulations for deciding administrative actions through the member nations' collective decision-making procedures. h this context, this paper is to test a few questions; firstly, how the Antarctic Treaty System can be related with the role of international environmental regime; secondly, how the theories of international environmental regime, such as the hegemony theory, rational choice theory, and international morality theory, can be tested in the role of Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime. Finally, this paper provides a solution for the future problems of the Antarctic Treaty System as an international environmental regime regarding the regime's principle (conflict between the environmental principle and the right of nation-state), norms and regulations (the conflict between the developed and underdeveloped nations in terms of the concept of 'common but differentiated environmental responsibility'), cooperation directions (the leadership problems between hegemonic nation and multilateral leading groups), and management methods (cooperation and arrangement problems among expert institutions, observer groups, and INGO).

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.279-282
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• 2024

This study aimed to verify the results of emotional analysis with respect to canine behavior as reported in the existing animal behavior field based on the dog vestibular emotional reflex (VER) principle, and to evaluate humans and animals based on empathy gained through true communication rather than human-centered interpretation. A total of 200 canines were divided into non-daily and daily situation groups (n=100 each). To assess the psychological and emotional state of each group, these changes were applied to the principle of VER, and six measurement values were selected: positive emotion (balance and energy), negative emotion (tension/anxiety and stress), and body condition (inhibition and neuroticism). The results showed a statistically significant difference (p<0.05) in positive emotions, negative emotions, and body conditions between the two groups. In addition, balance, energy, tension/anxiety, inhibition, and neuroticism were higher in the non-daily situation group than in the daily situation group, with an exception for stress. Compared with the canine daily situation groups, canine in the non-daily situation groups instinctively observed their surroundings to cope with possible threats, had decreased concentration, and elevated vitals due to high-intensity anxiety. This can be perceived as a state of immediate reaction to possible situations/threats. In conclusion, it was confirmed through Vibra Image technology that canine instability mainly affects three factors: positive emotion, negative emotion, and physical condition.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.1-28
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• 2007

한 국가의 환경오염이 정치적 경계선에 불과한 국경에 한정되지 않고 인접국 또는 지구의 환경에 직 간접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에, 역으로 지구환경보호에 관한 국제적 논의결과는 곧바로 국내 환경법과 환경정책에 영향을 미치게 된다. 국제환경법은 '차별적 공동책임'이라는 원칙하에 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 차별적인 의무체계를 형성하고 있다. 차별적 공동책임은 모든 국가에게 공동의 환경보호책임을 확인하면서도 지구환경문제에 대한 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 역사적 책임의 차이와 환경문제를 다룰 수 있는 경제적 기술적 능력의 차이를 인정하여 국제의무를 차별화한다는 것이다. 그 예로써 선진국의 개발도상국에 대한 환경기술이전과 재정 지원 등이 논의되어 왔다. 문제는 우리나라의 지위이다. 선진국과 개발도상국의 지위에 따른 국제환경의무의 차이만큼이나 우리나라의 국제적 환경정책 또한 달라질 것이기 때문이다. 그 어느 국제법도 선진국과 개발도상국의 구분 기준을 명확히 확립하지 못하였다. WTO는 개발도상국 지위결정을 자기선택에 맡기고 있으며, 국제환경법에서는 협상능력에 따라 그 지위가 좌우되곤 한다. 결국 일반국제법 차원에서 우리나라의 지위가 고정될 수 없으며 정부는 선진국 또는 개발도상국의 지위를 전략적 차원에서 선택할 수 있다. 우리나라가 스스로 개발도상국임을 주장하여 국제의무의 부담을 줄이는 것도 좋은 선택일 수 있겠지만, 각종 경제지표 및 환경오염지표에서 10위권을 유지하고 있는 우리나라의 규모에 비추어볼 때 우리나라의 현실은 선진국에 가깝다고 보여진다. 친환경기술 및 상품의 개발이라는 적극적 정책이 개도국 주장이라는 방어적 정책보다 우선이다.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1994년도 FIFTH WESTERN PACIFIC REGIONAL ACOUSTICS CONFERENCE SEOUL KOREA
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• pp.806-811
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• 1994

Two kinds of static and dynamic state estimation methods are newly discussed for the problem of the measurement disturbance of environmental low-frequency noise in the presence of wind-induced noise. First, the probability characteristics of wind-induced noise are discussed in the form of probability distribution conditioned by wind speed, based on the simultaneous observation of the wind-induced noise and wind speed near a microphone. Next, especially form the viewpoint of simplicity for practical use, two kinds of static and dynamic state estimation methods are discussed. The static estimation method using the information on wind speed is fundamentally supported by the conservation principle of energy sum. The dynamic one is the method by using a recursive digital filter with the parameters successively renewed by the information on wind speed. This can be also simplified by using well-know Kalman filter under the assumption of the Gaussian distribution. The effectiveness of proposed two estimation methods are shown through experiments under a breezy condition in the open filed.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제29권
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• pp.16.1-16.9
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• 2014

Objectives Rapid increase in engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in many goods has raised significant concern about their environmental safety. Proper methodologies are therefore needed to conduct toxicity and exposure assessment of nanoparticles in the environment. This study reviews several analytical techniques for nanoparticles and summarizes their principles, advantages and disadvantages, reviews the state of the art, and offers the perspectives of nanometrology in relation to ENP studies. Methods Nanometrology is divided into five techniques with regard to the instrumental principle: microscopy, light scattering, spectroscopy, separation, and single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Results Each analytical method has its own drawbacks, such as detection limit, ability to quantify or qualify ENPs, and matrix effects. More than two different analytical methods should be used to better characterize ENPs. Conclusions In characterizing ENPs, the researchers should understand the nanometrology and its demerits, as well as its merits, to properly interpret their experimental results. Challenges lie in the nanometrology and pretreatment of ENPs from various matrices; in the extraction without dissolution or aggregation, and concentration of ENPs to satisfy the instrumental detection limit.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.401-421
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• 2015

This study aims at providing with the implication of the EU agri-environmental policy which modestly started in 1985 as an optional policy for the Member States and developed as one of main measures for the reformed CAP in 2013. The first AES was the ESA scheme which had a focus on specific areas where were regarded as having a high natural value and assisted farmers who were voluntarily participated in the scheme. Such a small scale measure has developed as a main policy of the CAP from several reforming processes. It is now applying for the entire land of the EU and necessary for every Member State to introduce the AES measures in their rural development plan. With the principle of cross-compliance and the whole farm approach, it is possible to encourage the European farmers to change their ways of farming into low-input farming. This is the best way to achieve sustainable farming and rural development. This analysis on the changing process of the AES provides the Korean government with somewhat logical perspective on the reform of agricultural policy. The most important thing is to recognise that protecting and restorating environmental and biological resource must precede economical utilising the rural resource.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제61권6호
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• pp.795-806
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• 2017

According to the characteristics of continuous beam bridges, the relative displacement is too large to collision or even girder falling under earthquakes. A device named Cable-sliding Modular Expansion Joints(CMEJs) that can control the relative displacement and avoid collision under different ground motions is proposed. Working principle and mechanical model is described. This paper design the CMEJs, establish the restoring force model, verify the force model of this device by the pseudo-static tests, and describe and analyze results of the tests, and then based on a triple continuous beam bridge that has different heights of piers, a 3D model with or without CMEJs were established under Conventional System (CS) and Seismic Isolation System (SIS). The results show that this device can control the relative displacement and avoid collisions. The combination of isolation technology and CMEJs can be more effective to achieve both functions, but it need to take measures to prevent girder falling due to the displacement between pier and beam under large earthquakes.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 지반구조물에서 수집된 계측데이터를 대상으로 확률통계적 방법을 사용한 상태평가를 위한 분석기법과 자동화 프로그램을 개발하였다. 복잡한 지반구조물에 설치한 계측시스템으로부터 수집된 계측자료의 평가를 위해서는 자료처리(data driven) 기반의 비모수적(non-parametric) 모델링 방법이 유용할 것으로 판단된다. 실제 지반구조물(보강토옹벽 및 터널)에서 수집된 센싱 데이터를 이용하여 개발된 평가기법의 검증을 실시한 결과 환경적 요인과는 구별되는 구조적 거동을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.125-146
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• 2005

The objective of this paper is setting out, for a cable-stayed bridge with a curtain suspension, a method to determine the modes of vibration of the structure. The system of differential equations governing the vibrations of the bridge, derived by means of a variational formulation in a nonlinear field, is reported in Appendix C. The whole analysis results from the application of Hamilton's principle, using the expressions of potential and kinetic energies and of the virtual work made by viscous damping forces of the various parts of the bridge (Monaco and Fiore 2003). This paper focuses on the equation concerning the transversal motion of the girder of the cable-stayed bridge and in particular on its final form obtained, restrictedly to the linear case, neglecting some quantities affecting the solution in a non-remarkable way. In the hypotheses of normal mode of vibration and of steady-state, we propose the resolution of this equation by a particular method based on a numerical approach. Respecting the boundary conditions, we derive, for each mode of vibration, the corresponding frequency, both natural and damped, the shape-function of the girder axis and the exponential function governing the variability of motion amplitude in time. Finally the results so obtained are compared with those deriving from the dynamic analysis performed by a finite elements calculation program.