• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.747-753
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• 2010

It follows in quality and sewage exclusion method of the investigation objective sector and the Combined Sewer Overflows which is suitable in regional characteristics and the confluence area against the rainfall initially a flow and the medulla and measurement - it analyzes the initial rainfall outflow possibility control plan which is suitable in the domestic actual condition and it proposes the monitor ring plan for the long-term flow and pollution load data accumulation. From the research which it sees the Infiltration water/Influent water and CSOs investigation it passes by the phase of hazard chain and Namwon right time 4 it does not hold reverse under selecting, Measurement it used the hazard automatic flow joint seal Sigma 910 machine and in case 15 minute interval of the I/I, it measured a flow at case 5, 15 minute standing of the CSOs. The water quality investigation for the water leakage investigation of the I/I and the sewage from the point which is identical with flow measurement during on-the-spot inspection duration against 6 items which include the BOD sampling and an analysis, when the rainfall analysis for CSOs fundamental investigation analyzed against 18 items which include the BOD sampling. Consequently, for the optimum interpretation invasion water / inflow water of the this investigation area day average the lowest flow - water quality assessment veterinarian optimum interpretation hazard average per day - lowest flow - it averages a medulla evaluation law department one lowest flow evaluation technique and it selects, it presentation collectively from here it gets, position result with base flow analysis of invasion water / inflow water.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

Purpose: According to the trend of the global burden of disease, in the future our society is expected to face with gradually increasing problems related to mental health and the demand for the various types of quality mental health facilities. This study investigates whether the accreditation of Mental health facilities serves as a building evaluation tool, and contribute to environmental welfare of the mentally ill. Methods: The facility assessment items related to architectural design are extracted through the analysis about the accreditation program of KOIHA. Extracted items should review if they comply with the relevant regulations, and establish building design standard. Results: This study shows that the accreditation of KOIHA can certify psychiatric hospitals meet the legal requirements, the minimum standard of facilities. But it is not the evaluation of environmental quality. It is difficult to assess the quality of facility in terms of architectural design, because it has no specific standards or the level of assessment. Implications: The accreditation for mental health facilities should be able to provide the right and opportunity to choose a more quality facility for the customer. The introduction of a certification system for the evaluation of environmental quality is required in order to overcome the limitations of the accreditation of KOIHA. Development of design guidelines for mental health facilities that are the basis for certification should be also followed.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1518-1522
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• 2006

In the present study, it was observed how the phage-host system that is naturally reproduced in activated sludge is affected by the host inoculation. The system of Microlunatus phosphovorus and its phages was selected as the phage-host system native to an activated sludge system operated for 19 days under sequencing anaerobic-aerobic conditions with glutamate as the main carbon source. The phage-host system related to M. phosphovorus was monitored by plaque assay for the phages and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for the bacterial host. In addition, the whole phage structure was also monitored by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). During the first 9 days, the phage-host system was more or less steady at approx. 9% (FISH/ DAPI) for M. phosphovorus and approx. 10,000 PFU/ml for its lytic phages. Microlunatus phosphovorus JCM9379 was inoculated into the activated sludge on day 10. Right after the inoculation, M. phosphovorus was approx. 24% (FISH/DAPI) whereas its lytic phages dropped down to approx. 500 PFU/ ml. After the host inoculation (within 9 days), however, the phage-host system eventually reverted to its original level in each population. On the other hand, the whole phage structure was not significantly changed by M. phosphovorus inoculation but stable throughout the process operation. Only the minor change that four phage groups gradually became abundant after the host inoculation was observed.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2023

Objectives: Firefighters could be exposed to a range of toxic chemicals during firefighting. When tyre burns, various toxic chemicals including volatile organic compounds(VOCs) could be emitted. In this study, the researchers assessed the VOC exposure of firefighters during tyre fire suppression through biomonitoring. Methods: There was a big tyre fire on 12 March 2023. Of the responding firefighters, we recruited 14 participants to collect their urine after firefighting. One week later, researchers collected firefighters' urine again right after their off-duty period. We analyzed each metabolite of benzene, toluene, xylene, and styrene in urine and compared their exposure level based on sampling time. Results: The detection rate for metabolite of benzene, toluene, styrene, and xylene in urine sampled at each time was 43%-64%, 100%, 86%-100%, and 100%, respectively. Except for the benzene, metabolite levels measured in urine after firefighting were similar to that from off-duty period. However, the median concentration of benzene metabolite in urine sampled after firefighting was three times higher compared to that from off-duty period(34.2 ㎍/g crea. and 10.9 ㎍/g crea., respectively.) The estimated airborne concentration of benzene calculated from metabolite level in urine was 0.16 ppm, which exceeded the recommended exposure level set by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. Conclusions: This study shows that firefighters could be exposed to the high level of VOCs including benzene during their firefighting especially at tyre fire. These results could be used as a valuable data to prove firefighters' exposure to hazardous chemicals during their duty.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.19-35
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• 2024

This research aims to compare and analyze changes in local physical environmental factors affecting mental health before and after the occurrence of COVID-19. The research question is: "Did the influence of environmental factors affecting mental health change after the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic?" To examine the research question, the study considered the year 2019, right before COVID-19, and the year 2020, the year when COVID-19 occurred, as the temporal scope of the research. For the empirical analysis, we used multilevel logistic analysis was conducted using data from the Community Health Survey for each year and the National Statistical Office (KOSIS). The results can be summarized as follows: After the occurrence of COVID-19, physical environmental factors showed stronger associations with mental health compared to before the emergence of COVID-19. Specifically, it was found that park area per thousand people and the proportion of pedestrian-only road areas were further associated with a decrease in depression. Based on these findings, this study suggests the need for improving and constructing the physical environment in local communities for preventing mental health issues during disaster situations such as COVID-19.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.63-74
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• 2021

This study focuses on the increasing supply and consumption of affair dramas on TV with the theme of unconventional 'infidelity', therefore, is an empirical study that reveals factors related to the problem consciousness of married men and women about infidelity dramas that can affect the sexual socialization of married men and women. This study investigates the effect of married men and women's right to sexual self-determination between couples, personal psychological characteristics (emotional maturity, emotional alienation, self-perception), surrounding environmental characteristics (prevalence of extramarital relationships), and demographic background (gender, age, educational background, economic level) on 'the presence or absence of critical consciousness of infidelity dramas'. For the data of this study, an online survey is conducted on married men and women(614 people), and binary logistic analysis is conducted using SPSS. As a result of this analysis, first, 46% of married men and women have a relatively good level of critical awareness of affair dramas, and overall, the level of critical thinking of married men and women about the infidelity dramas is rather low. Second, there is no significant difference between genders in the perception of problems such as 'excessive beautification of infidelity', 'incitement of infidelity' and 'damage of family values', however, married women are more critical than married men regarding 'explicit sexual description', indicating differences according to gender characteristics. Third, for married men, the level of 'self-perception' and 'marital sexual self-determination right' have a significant effect on the critical mind with infidelity dramas. In the case of married women, it is found that 'the right to sexual self-determination' between married couples and 'emotional alienation' have a significant effect on 'the presence or absence of critical consciousness of infidelity dramas'.

• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.89-114
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• 2011

Environmental disputes not only possess the special characteristics of collectivity and plural value relativity but it also possesses the unique features of difficulty to prove cause and effect as well as the structural maldistribution of evidence and information. Therefore, the positive resolution of an environmental dispute can be brought about more easily with the Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) which can take the form of talks, compromises, as well as arbitration or mediation rather than through a trial process. Such being the case, this paper first looks into the problems and effectiveness of the arbitration system of environmental lawsuits and then takes an even closer look at Korea's environmental dispute arbitration system and finally offer some reform methods. In Korea, the environmental dispute arbitration system was implemented in 1991 and has been executed since then. Although this system does have positive features such as the high rate of coming to an agreement between the involved parties but unfortunately, most of the cases rely on decisions based on right and wrong which cannot but be far away from the intentions of the ADR system. It is heavily centered around claims regarding psychological compensation regarding noise and vibrations and the ratio of the actual amount of compensation is comparatively lower than the requested amount. In addition, with the limits in organization and manpower, it leads to a lack of professionalism as well as the problem of low usage with the low awareness rate. As reform measures against the aforementioned problems, this paper suggests the following. First, in order to activate the arbitration process more fully, it proposes aggressive usage of compulsory arbitration as well as submission to arbitration, while at the same time raising ADR professionals to fill in the missing gaps. Secondly, in order to overcome the problem of concentration of related cases, making representative lawsuits of environmental organizations would be a good idea. It also states that in order to make the compensation amount more realistic, it should go out of the across-the-board decision making process and reach a decision about the compensation amount that takes the individual situation's dispute into consideration. In order to boost the professionalism of the environmental dispute arbitration, it is necessary to reform the organization and manpower such as expanding the number of members of full standing, and increasing the professionalism of the examiners. Also, to increase the usage rate of the ADR system, the paper suggests stationing a civilian consultant regarding environment, or activating the compulsory arbitration which is the premise for public participation on the part of the residents.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.10
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• pp.4819-4829
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to figure out the effects of parents' energy conservation awareness and behaviors on young children's environment-friendly attitudes and environmental preservation knowledge. To achieve this, a survey was carried out to 160 kindergarten children and their parents in the farming and fishing communities located in N city, Chungnam through June 10 to June 30, 2013. The results of the analysis were as follows. First, the effect of parents' energy conservation awareness on young children's environment-friendly attitudes showed that parents' environmental preservation awareness and energy conservation awareness had an effect on young children's environment-friendly attitudes. Second, the effect of parents' energy conservation behaviors on young children's environment-friendly attitudes showed that parents' general behaviors and selective behaviors had an effect on young children's environment-friendly attitudes. Third, the effect of parents' energy conservation awareness on young children's environmental preservation knowledge showed that parents' environmental preservation knowledge and energy conservation awareness had an effect on young children's environmental preservation knowledge. Fourth, the effect of parents' energy conservation behaviors on young children's environmental preservation knowledge showed that parents' general behaviors and selective behaviors had an effect on young children's environmental preservation knowledge. As for findings stated above, parents' energy conservation awareness and behaviors had a positive effect on children's environment-friendly attitudes and environmental preservation knowledge. This implies that parents' right energy conservation awareness and behaviors are important to enhance children's positive environment-friendly attitudes and environmental preservation knowledge.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-159
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• 1995

This study was conducted to introduce fundamental data of hand-arm vibration and noise exposure levels with impact wrenches(double-hammer impact wrenches and oil-pulse impact wrenches) used in automobile assembly lines considering the process variables and tool variables. In studing, products per day, required time screwing the bolts or nuts per bolts or nut were considered as process variables, and capacity of bolts or nuts, air consumptions per minute, tool weights, RPM were considered as tool variables. Hand-arm vibration levels of 3 axis in each hand were measured using the instruments compling with ISO/DIS 5349 and noise levels were measured using a noise logging dosimeter. The results were as follows : 1. Required time to screwing the bolt or nut by oil-pulse impact wrenches is shorter than double-hammer impact wrenches but total daily exposure time of oil-pulse impact wrenches was higher than double-hammer impact wrenches because the number of bolts or nuts per cycle was many. 2. Oil-pulse impact wrenches have been used to screwing the large bolt or nut in comparing with double-hammer impact wrenches and required time to screwing the bolts or nuts were shorter than double-hammer impact wrenches because oil-pulse impact wrenches were using high RPM and large air consumption per minute. Noise level of oil-pulse impact wrenches was 8 dB(A) lower than double-hammer impact wrenches. 3. Dominant hand-arm vibration levels of double-hammer impact wrenches in each hand were $8.24m/sec^2$ of Zh axis in right hand and $9.60m/sec^2$ of Xh axis in left hand. Dominant hand-arm vibration level of oil-pulse impact wrenches in each hand was $2.59m/sec^2$ of Xh axis in right hand and $3.23m/sec^2$ of Yh axis in left hand. 4. In double-hammer impact wrenches, corresponding hand-arm vibration levels of Xh, Yh, Zh axis in left hand were higher than hand-arm vibration levels of right hand in 3 axis. In oil-pulse impact wrenches, Xh axis of right, Yh axis of left, Zh axis of left were higher than the corresponding hand-arm vibration levels of Xh, Yh, Zh axis in right and left hand. 5. Correlation coefficients among Xh, Yh. Zh axis of right and left hand hand-arm vibration levels in double-hammer impact wrenches and oil-pulse impact wrenches were commonly high in Yh axis and correlation coefficients of Yh axis in double-hammer impact wrenches and oil-pulse impact wrenches were 0.76 and 0.86,respectively. 6. As a measure repetitiveness, plotting total daily exposure time with the number of bolts or nut per cycle, direct correlation was shown between repetitiveness and hand-arn vibration exposure, and correlation coefficient between the number of bolts or nut per cycle and total daily exposure time in double-hammer impact wrenches, oil-pulse impact wrenches were 0.84 and 0.50, respectively. 7. Considering the total acceleration level and tool variables in double-hammer impact wrenches and oil-pulse impact wrenches, air consumption in right hand, and bolt or nut capacity in left hand were commonly the variable that explainability was high. Considering the noise and tool variables in double-hammer impact wrenches and oil-pulse impact wrenches, air consumption per minute was commonly the variable that explainability was high.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.215-223
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to evaluate fish passage efficiency, based on fish-trap monitoring methodology, in the fishway of Seungchon Weir, which was constructed on the lower region of Yeongsan River in 2011. Seasonal patterns and diel variations of fish movements, fish fauna, and compositions in the fishway were analyzed in relation to the current velocity and location of the trap-setting in the fishway. For the analysis, we conducted seven times surveys in 2012 on the fishway and also conducted intensive monitoring of the fishway as 3 hrs interval for the diel variations of fish fauna and compositions in the fishway. According to the fish-trap monitoring methodology, the total number of fish species was 13 species, which was a 43.3% of the total. Most dominant fish used the fishway was Squalidus chankaensis tsuchigae and the relative abundance of the species used the fishway was 33.5% of the total. The season and time zone (in diel variation) observed most frequently in the fishway were July and 18:00-21:00 PM, respectively. The fish movements and use-rates of fishway varied depending on the locations of trap-setting; Fish biomass and the number of species were statistically (p < 0.05) greater in the most right or left-sided traps than in the mid-traps. Also, fish movements and use-rates of fishway were influenced by current velocity on the fishway; fish in the fishway preferred the low current velocity (mean 0.71 m/sec) than the high current velocity (mean 1.13 m/sec). Further long-term studies should be monitored for the efficiency evaluations of the fishway.