• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2009

This study proposes a new framework for designing disassembly methods. In recent years, environmental problems have become global issues. Recycling of used products or resources is recognized as a matter of significance since it may help reduce the risk of exhausting natural resources. Considering possible exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, reuse of products would gain more environmental significance. As yet, it relies hugely on manual disassembly, which labor cost places burden on the total recycling cost. The purpose of this study is to propose a methodology designing for manual disassembly works, and a creation method of a jig. By focusing on parts' connection and attachment relationship, parts are categorized in 5 categories (parent part, joint key part, attaching key part, child part, and independent part) according to the features that parts possess, and 3 kinds of connection relationships (parent part-joint key part connection, parent part-independent part connection and child part-child part connection) are clarified. Connection relationship and attachment relationship charts have also been created, and utilizing them, disassembly orders are settled, and a disassembly jig is devised. The proposed methodology is also applied to a real product and its work time is improved 42% form 31 to 13 seconds.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.76-86
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• 2023

We are on the verge of paradigm shift for the design and operation of our urban water systems from treatment- and efficiency-based to recirculation- and sustainability-based. One of the most frequently suggested alternatives to embody this paradigm shift is to decentralize the currently highly centralized urban water infrastructure. However, claims for water infrastructure decentralization are often criticized due to poor economic feasibility, unstable performance, and unprofessional operation and maintenance. The current study critically reviews the literature to discuss the technical advancement needs to overcome such challenges. Firstly, decentralized water infrastructure was briefly defined and the rationale for the proposal of its introduction to the next-generation urban water systems was laid down. The main discussion focused on the following water technologies, which require special attention when working with decentralized water infrastructure: i) material collection, storage, and transport; ii) easily scalable water treatment; iii) sensor, information, and communications; and iv) system optimization. The principles, current development status, and challenges were discussed for each of the water technologies. The discussion on the water technologies has enabled the identification of future research needs for their application to the next-generation urban water systems which will be designed following decentralized water infrastructure. This paper will significantly improve the current understanding on water infrastructure decentralization and provides insight on future direction of water technology development.

• 환경생물
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.515-522
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• 2021

Jeotgal is a salty and fermented traditional Korean fish sauce. Unlike most other previous studies that investigated samples purchased from retail markets, this study focused on samples of jeotgal with traceable history to Yeonggwang, a timehonored fishing village in Korea. Three jeotgal samples, which were made from small yellow croakers, largehead hairtail, and miscellaneous fish, were selected based on information obtained from interviews with local craftsmen and literature reviews. Bacterial community profiles of the three jeotgal samples were investigated to identify indicator (and potentially core) bacteria for jeotgal ripening. The 16S rRNA gene-based metagenomic analysis revealed that the dominant phyla and classes, (Gammaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Clostridia) of the three different jeotgal were identical, albeit with different composition ratios. Diversification was evident beginning at the order level. Interestingly, each dominant order was mainly comprised of single members even at the genus level. The dominant genera included Halomonas, Tetragenococcus, Halanaerobium, Pseudomonas, Massilia, and Lentibacillus. This observed genus-level heterogeneity suggests that there are diverse bacterial signatures in jeotgal and that these can be used as indicators for jeotgal ripening and/or as starters to increase its sensory quality and functionality.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.217-221
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• 2003

Modeling the reliability of distributed systems requires a good understanding the reliability of the components. For thousands of web users, competitiveness in web services means a successful presence on the web. Failure rates for the presence of a web site are considered on client sides errors using RFC2068. Data were collected from some host via the internet.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1017-1035
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• 2018

The European Union (EU) is the world's third largest producer of beef. This contributes to the economy, rural development, social life, culture and gastronomy of Europe. The diversity of breeds, animal types (cows, bulls, steers, heifers) and farming systems (intensive, extensive on permanent or temporary pastures, mixed, breeders, feeders, etc) is a strength, and a weakness as the industry is often fragmented and poorly connected. There are also societal concerns regarding animal welfare and environmental issues, despite some positive environmental impacts of farming systems. The EU is amongst the most efficient for beef production as demonstrated by a relative low production of greenhouse gases. Due to regional differences in terms of climate, pasture availability, livestock practices and farms characteristics, productivity and incomes of beef producers vary widely across regions, being among the lowest of the agricultural systems. The beef industry is facing unprecedented challenges related to animal welfare, environmental impact, origin, authenticity, nutritional benefits and eating quality of beef. These may affect the whole industry, especially its farmers. It is therefore essential to bring the beef industry together to spread best practice and better exploit research to maintain and develop an economically viable and sustainable beef industry. Meeting consumers' expectations may be achieved by a better prediction of beef palatability using a modelling approach, such as in Australia. There is a need for accurate information and dissemination on the benefits and issues of beef for human health and for environmental impact. A better objective description of goods and services derived from livestock farming is also required. Putting into practice "agroecology" and organic farming principles are other potential avenues for the future. Different future scenarios can be written depending on the major driving forces, notably meat consumption, climate change, environmental policies and future organization of the supply chain.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.231-250
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• 2011

본 연구는 환경학의 학문적 특성과 연구영역을 고찰하고, 환경 분야에 관한 한국연구재단의 연구분야 분류표 및 KCI 등재 학술지를 보유한 학회, KDC, DDC, NDC를 비교 분석하였으며, 이를 토대로 KDC의 환경학 분야의 분류 체계를 개선할 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다. 먼저 환경철학, 환경사회, 환경교육, 환경독성, 환경건축, 지리환경을 각각 철학, 사회학, 교육학, 약리학, 건축학, 지리학 내 하위분야로 KDC의 본표에 추가하고, 표준세구분표의 -027 보조기법 및 절차를 -0276 녹색기술, 환경 기술로 세분 전개하여 환경에 관한 측면이 집중될 수 있도록 하였다. 그리고 환경법 및 환경행정에 대한 분류기호를 재정비하여 각각 법학, 행정학 내 하위분야로 설정하여 분류자와 이용자의 혼란을 방지하도록 하였다.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 항공전장 환경의 구축을 통한 항공 무기체계의 가상시험에 환경적 영향을 반영하여 모의할 수 있도록 환경데이터를 제공하기 위한 내용을 수행하였다. 항공 전투 시뮬레이션에서 전투 개체들이 모의하는 작전은 환경 영향에 의하여 그 달성 결과가 달라져야 한다. 본 연구에서는 항공 전투 시뮬레이션 시스템에 합성전장환경 구축을 위해, 실제 항공 전장환경을 분석하여 합성전장환경을 설계한다. 설계한 합성전장환경의 구현을 위해 적합한 실제 환경 데이터를 수집하고, 수집된 환경데이터를 기반으로 합성전장환경 구축을 위해 공간 보간법(GIS, Geographic information system interpolation)을 활용하여 데이터를 가공한다. 본 논문의 최종 목적은 항공 전투 시뮬레이션에 환경 영향을 반영하기 위해 대기 환경 속성의 스펙트럼 중 시뮬레이션에서 요구하는 속성을 도출하여 합성전장환경을 설계하고, 실제 대기 데이터를 기반으로 설계된 합성전장환경을 구현한다. 구현된 합성전장환경을 분산 시뮬레이션 시스템에서 환경 데이터 요구에 대해 전장환경 데이터를 제공하여 시뮬레이션 시스템이 실제 환경 데이터에 기반한 합성전장환경을 시뮬레이션에 반영할 수 있게 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.763-768
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• 2012

The objective of this study was undertaken to investigate changes in fatty acid profile of breast and thigh muscle of old laying hens as transferred from cage to backyard raising system and to provide basic information on using old laying hens to producers for environmental managements. Overall, percentages of unsaturated fatty acid obtained from breast and thigh muscle with cage and backyard raising system are the most abundant, followed by saturated fatty acid. For breast muscle, there were no differences (P>0.05) between cage rearing system and backyard raising system in saturated fatty acid (SFA) and mono unsaturated fatty acid (MUFA). Poly unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and PUFA:SFA ratios were significantly higher in backyard raising systems in comparison with cage rearing systems (P<0.05). No differences (P>0.05) were detected between both rearing systems for MUFA, PUFA, and PUFA:SFA ratios with thigh muscles. SFA in thigh muscle was significantly (P<0.05) higher in cage rearing systems compared with backyard raising systems. In conclusion, using breast and thigh muscle meats from old laying hens as functional foods or investigating impact assessment on the improvement of farm management system may serve as a good management practice to encourage producers.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 2022

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), which changes according to various factors, is ubiquitously present from natural environments to engineered treatment systems. Only limited information is available regarding the environmental functions of DOM after bulk analyses are only applied for characterization. In this paper, latest DOM analytical techniques are briefly introduced, which include fluorescence excitation-emission matrix with parallel factor analysis (EEM-PARAFAC), size-exclusion chromatography with an organic carbon detector (SEC-OCD), carbon/nitrogen stable-isotope ratio, and Fourier transform-ion cyclotron resonance-mass spectroscopy (FT-ICR-MS). Recent examples of using advanced analyses to interpret the phenomena associated with DOM occurring in natural and engineered systems are presented here. Through EEM-PARAFAC, different components like protein-like, fulvic-like, and humic-like can be identified and tracked individually through the investigated systems. SEC-OCD allows researchers to quantify different size fractions. FT-ICR-MS provides thousands of molecular formulas present in bulk DOM samples. Lastly, carbon/nitrogen stable-isotope ratio offers reasonable tools for tracking the sources in environments. We also discuss the advantages and weakness of the above-mentioned characterizing tools. Specifically, they focus on single environmental factors (different sourced-DOM and interaction of sediment-pore water) or simple changes after individual treatment processes. Through collaboration with the advanced techniques later, they help the researchers to better understand environmental behaviors in aquatic systems and serve as essential tools for addressing various pending problems associated with DOM.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.79-91
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• 1996

In Chapter 40, "Information for decision-making", of Agenda 21, it was Slated that, "indicators of sustainable development need to be developed to provide solid bases for decision-making at all levels and to contribute to a self-regulating sustainability of integrated environment and development systems." Sustainable development has been defined as "development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs", An indicator that measures sustainability should therefore focus on this definition. One of the most widely used frameworks for environmental indicators is the Pressure-State-Response model proposed by the OECD. And we introduced the the Driving force-State-Response framework, the adaptation of Pressure-State-Response model, for UN sustainable development indicators. Therefore, in our country, indicators for sustainable development should be developed by using the DSR framework.