• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.93-107
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• 2002

The choice of big public investment project needs an appropriate feasibility analysis before it is implemented, bemuse a rot wisely chosen one would bring about big and longrun societal costs. But the feasibility analysis for the big public investment project in Korea has been done without linking the economic benefits and environmental damages. Consequently social conflicts arose frequently during and after project implementation, owing to such concerns asincreasing costs and serious ecological damages. The recent social conflict over the Saemangeum Project is a typical case. This reclamation project began in 1991 and finished 60% of the whole process in 1999, when its feasibility was again assessed under the public pressure by the joint assessment team consisting of both citizen's and government's professionals. Even the assessment report by this joint team could not show the convincing results owing to the improper assessment procedure and failure to set proper feasibility criteria. This paper pointed out the limitations of our current procedure of feasibility assessment and identified the concrete problems that atosee during the recent reassessment process of the Saemangeum reclamation project by the joint team. In order to improve the current problem-ridden practices, it is concluded by the policy recommendation for establishing a right feasibility assessment procedure for the public investment projects.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.401-412
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• 2016

The sustainable operation and development of ports is a key industry for Korea's national economy. It is increasingly more important to resolve conflicts with local communities due to port environmental problems such as air pollution, water pollution, noise and ecosystem destruction while securing port competitiveness through infrastructure expansion. In case of the Busan New Port development project in Korea, construction has been temporally suspended due to conflict with local fishermen over marine sand mining for construction. A primary reason for this is the absence and limitation of qualitative port environmental impact assessment methodologies in Korea. This includes the current investigation of fisheries damaged by ports. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to propose economic valuation methods for assessing environmental impacts that are essential for efficient port environmental management and for sustainable port operation and development in Korea. To do this, this study examines the overall port environmental problems and their effects (damages) through the analysis of environmental policies and case studies of domestic and overseas ports. Then economic valuation methods are suggested for total economic values (TEV) of damaged environmental goods and services. Among the proposed methods, Habitat Equivalency Analysis (HEA), as a more scientific data based method, was applied to estimate marine ecosystem service damages from the designation of Busan New Port Anchorages. Finally, based on the study results, more efficient port environmental management will be achieved through the institutional adoption of the proposed economic impact assessment methods for port environmental damages.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.18-31
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• 2014

In this study, the spatio-temporal patterns of salty wind by typhoon in Jeju Island and their damages to windbreak forests are examined. To investigate these patterns, field trips as well as analyses of meteorological data were conducted after the attack of typhoon BOLAVEN in late August, 2012. Collected data show that salty wind damage in windbreak trees by the typhoon was distinct in the southern and eastern coastal areas due to the southeasterly gusts with less precipitation. Most of trees including Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) within 8km from the coast as well as pine trees (Pinus thunbergii) along the coasts were damaged by salty water driven by the typhoon, but the magnitude of its damages and recovery rates of damaged vegetation varied by species. These results indicate that prediction and proactive activities for salty wind are needed to reduce its damages to local vegetation particularly before the arrival of a dry typhoon accompanying gusty wind.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.53-61
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• 2021

The quantified analysis of damages to wastewater treatment plants by natural disasters is essential to maintain the stability of wastewater treatment systems. However, studies on the quantified analysis of natural disaster effects on wastewater treatment systems are very rare. In this study, a total disaster index (DI) was developed to quantify the various damages to wastewater treatment systems from natural disasters using two statistical methods (i.e., AHP: analytic hierarchy process and PCA: principal component analysis). Typhoons, heavy rain, and earthquakes are considered as three major natural disasters for the development of the DI. A total of 15 input variables from public open-source data (e.g., statistical yearbook of wastewater treatment system, meteorological data and financial status in local governments) were used for the development of a DI for 199 wastewater treatment plants in Korea. The total DI was calculated from the weighted sum of the disaster indices of the three natural disasters (i.e., TI for typhoon, RI for heavy rain, and EI for earthquake). The three disaster indices of each natural disaster were determined from four components, such as possibility of occurrence and expected damages. The relative weights of the four components to calculate the disaster indices (TI, RI and EI) for each of the three natural disasters were also determined from AHP. PCA was used to determine the relative weights of the input variables to calculate the four components. The relative weights of TI, RI and EI to calculate total DI were determined as 0.547, 0.306, and 0.147 respectively.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.279-288
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• 2002

According to the epidemiological studies in chromium workers, hexavalent chromium is associated with the risk of lung cancer. Cellular oxidative damages by reactive oxygen species produced by hexavalent chromium exposure may play an important role in the carcinogenesis process. We investigated the availabilities of malondialdehyde measurement for the assessments of oxidative damages from chromium exposure with an experimental inhalation study in vivo. Lipid peroxidation, one kind of cellular oxidative damage, was measured in blood plasma of the rats which inhaled the hexavalent chromium mist for 1, 2 and 3 weeks. The concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), the metabolite of lipid peroxidation, in all exposed groups were higher than those of controls with dose-dependant manner. The levels of MDA were also correlated with urine chromium levels of the rats. Therefore, MDA as an indicator of lipid peroxidation could be proper biologic marker for the assessment of the oxidative damage from chromium exposure, which might be involved in carcinogenesis.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1113-1126
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• 2015

A damage localization algorithm based on Operational Deformed Shapes and known as Interpolation Damage Detection Method, is herein applied to the finite element model of a cable stayed bridge for detecting and localizing damages in the stays and the supporting steel beams under the bridge deck. Frequency Response Functions have been calculated basing on the responses of the bridge model to low intensity seismic excitations and used to recover the Operational Deformed Shapes both in the transversal and in the vertical direction. The analyses have been carried in the undamaged configuration and repeated in several different damaged configurations. Results show that the method is able to detect the damage and its correct location, provided an accurate estimation of the Operational Deformed Shapes is available. Furthermore, the damage detection algorithm results effective also when damages coexist at the same time at several location of the cable-stayed bridge members.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.20 no.3 s.50
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• pp.237-242
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• 2005

This study il focused on the hepatopreventive effect in cirrhotic rats induced by N, N -dimethylnitrosamine treatment when organir Lulfur -containing compoundE were orally injected. Biochemical parameters (aspatate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) alkaline phosphatase (ALP), 1-protein and t-bilirubin) were measured in serum injured liver tissue. The increased AST and ALT values were significantly reduced by organic sulfur-containing compounds at the oral dotes of 50 mg/kg. The result of morphological changes have illustrated the accumulation of liver damages, Each as inflammatory cell accumulation and cirrhosis, caused by N, N-dimethylnitrosamine. Also, it was found that liver damages were prevented by the treatment of organic sulfur- containing compounds.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1053-1061
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• 2017

The study is concerned with providing the improvement method on making a reasonable and scientific decision on the damages accrued from the bid rigging in the construction work. According to the review on the precedent studies and decision cases on the damages caused by bid rigging, the representative problems include the insufficiency of the classification system on the damage calculation method and the omission of the necessary stage in the damage determination process. First, the improved classification system on calculating the damages caused by bid rigging is presented with the application to the bid rigging in the construction work by adding the ratio factor in addition to the damage calculation parameters such as price and cost. Second, the standard procedures organized with six stages is presented as the process required for determining the damages if the indemnification for bid rigging is claimed. The study becomes the foundation for resolving the problem with the undue burden on a party and for preventing the opportunity loss by resolving a dispute early through the improvement classification system and standard procedures presented in the study.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.494-502
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• 2009

A quantitative model was developed in order to estimate fishery production damage due to anthropogenically induced environmental changes. The model is described in the following equation, $Y_D=\frac{{\phi}_D}{{\phi}_G}[Y_0{\cdot}(t_p-t_0)-\frac{Y_0}{{\phi}_G}(1-e^{-{\phi}_G(t_p-t_0)})]$, where, $Y_D$ is annual amount of fishery production by nuclear power plant. ${\varphi}$ D and ${\varphi}$ G are instantaneous decreasing coefficient of fishery production by nuclear power plant and instantaneous decreasing coefficient of gross fishery production, respectively. $Y_0$ is annual mean fishery production without damages. $t_p$ is the present time, and $t_0$ is the starting time of damages. The model was applied to fishing grounds near a nuclear power plant on the east coast of Korea. Since fishery production damages have become bigger with increasing emission of thermal effluents from generators activities in the power plant, this factor has also been considered as, $\delta_{D_i}=\delta_D\({\sum}\limits_{i=0}^{n}\;W_i/W_T\)$, where, $\delta_{Di}$ is the cumulative damage rate in fishery production from generators, $\delta_D$ is the total cumulative damage rate in fishery production, $W_i$ is the emission amount of thermal effluents by generator i, and n is the number of generators in the nuclear power plant. This model can be used to conduct initial estimates of fishery production damages, before more detailed assessments are undertaken.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.821-841
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• 2015

This paper proposes a two-stage imaging approach for quantitative inspection of damages in metallic plates using the fundamental anti-symmetric mode of ($A_0$) Lamb wave. The proposed approach employs a number of transducers to transmit and receive $A_0$ Lamb wave pulses, and hence, to sequentially scan the plate structures before and after the presence of damage. The approach is applied to image the corrosion damages, which are simplified as a reduction of plate thickness in this study. In stage-one of the proposed approach a damage location image is reconstructed by analyzing the cross-correlation of the wavelet coefficient calculated from the excitation pulse and scattered wave signals for each transducer pairs to determine the damage location. In stage-two the Lamb wave diffraction tomography is then used to reconstruct a thickness reduction image for evaluating the size and depth of the damage. Finite element simulations are carried out to provide a comprehensive verification of the proposed imaging approach. A number of numerical case studies considering a circular transducer network with eight transducers are used to identify the damages with different locations, sizes and thicknesses. The results show that the proposed methodology is able to accurately identify the damage locations with inaccuracy of the order of few millimeters of a circular inspection area of $100mm^2$ and provide a reasonable estimation of the size and depth of the damages.