• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.489-496
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• 2014

Polygonatum is a genus placed in the family Liliaceae, distributed throughout the Northern Hemisphere and 16 of the species are grown naturally in Korea. In oriental medicine, the rhizomes of Polygonatum have been used as two different medicines, Okjuk (Polygonati odorati Rhizoma) and Hwangjeong (Polygonati Rhizoma). However, it is difficult to identify the morphological and chemical differences between the medicinal groups and thus easy to confuse the one with the other. Therefore, a clear classification standard needs to be established so as to be able to discriminate between them. In the study, the morphological characteristics of the plants, Polygonatum spp., were examined. Then, the differences in SNPs among the DNA sequences of 7 of the Polygonatum spp. and 1 of the Disporum spp. were analyzed by DNA barcoding with rpoC1, rpoB2, matK, and psbA-trnH of the cpDNA region. In the results, three regions, rpoC1, rpoB2, and matK were useful for discriminating the species, P. stenophyllum and P. sibiricum. Furthermore, it was possible to discriminate the individual germplasm within the species by using the combination of the results obtained from rpoB2, rpoC1, and matK.

• 생태와환경
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.209-220
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• 2021

Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii, a keystone species with significant ecological and commercial importance, is declining globally throughout much of its range. While traditional fishing equipment methods remain limited, new sensitive and rapid detection methods should be developed to monitor fisheries resources. To monitor the presence and quantity of C. pallasii from environmental DNA (eDNA) extracted from seawater samples, a pair of primers and a TaqMan^® probe specific to this fish based on mitochondrial cytochrome b (COB) sequences were designed for the real-time PCR (qPCR) assay. The combination of our molecular markers showed high specificity in the qPCR assay, which affirmed the success of presenting a positive signal only in the C. pallasii specimens. The markers also showed a high sensitivity for detecting C. pallasii genomic DNA in the range of 1 pg~100 ng rxn^-1 and its DNA plasmid containing COB amplicon in the range of 1~100,000copies rxn^-1, which produced linear standard calibration curves (r²=0.99). We performed a qPCR assay for environmental water samples obtained from 29 sampling stations in the southeastern coastal regions of South Korea using molecular markers. The assay successfully detected the C. pallasii eDNA from 14 stations (48.2%), with the highest mean concentration in Jinhae Bay with a value of 76.09±18.39 pg L^-1 (246.20±58.58 copies L^-1). Our preliminary application of molecular monitoring of C. pallasii will provide essential information for efficient ecological control and management of this valuable fisheries resource.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.77-88
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• 2022

This study aims to understand the relationship between the distribution of fish species in the two water ecosystems and the habitat factors according to the survey period targeting Gwanggyo Lake Park in the city. There are studies on the appearance and distribution of species by applying eDNA to freshwater ecosystems. However, in the domestic, streams are the target, and studies on the relationship between species distribution and habitat environment in two water environments are lacking. We conducted to analyze the species list and relationship with habitat factors using eDNA research in May and October at 21 points in Gwanggyo Lake Park, Suwon City, which were connected to lakes and streams. As a result, there was no species difference in the water environment according to the survey period. However, the total number of reads during the spawning season(May) was 3,126,482, which was more than double that after the spawning season(October). Tolerant species appeared in Woncheon Lake with a slow or stagnant flow, but there was no significant correlation between species and habitat factors depending on the survey period. On the other hand, intermediate and sensitive species appeared in the Woncheon stream with high flow. There was a significant correlation between the low temperature during the spawning season and the high dissolved oxygen content after the spawning season(P<0.001, Tem.: 20.7±2.6℃, DO: 8.6±1.7). It is expected that environmental DNA will be used to survey species and suggest monitoring methods according to the survey period.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.100-105
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• 1995

The effects of DNA polymerase $\beta$ on the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombinations were investigated using the transgenic Drosophila beating chimetic gene consisting of a promoter region of Drosophila actin 5C gene and rat DNA polymerase $\beta$. For detecting the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombinations, the heterozygous (mwh/+) strains possessing or lacking transgene poi 13 were used. The spontaneous frequency of small mwh spots, due to deletion or nondisjunction etc., in the non-transgenic w strain and the transgenic p[pol $\beta$]-130 strain was 0.351 and 0.606, respectively. The spontaneous frequency (0.063) of large mwh spots, arises mostly from somatic recombination between the centromere and the locus mwh, in the transgenic p[pol $\beta$]-130 strain was about three times higher than that (0.021) of the non-transgenic w strain. The mutant clone frequencies of small and large mwh spots induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine and ethyl methanesulfonate in the transformant p[pol $\beta$]-130 were higher than those in the host strain w. The present results suggest that rat DNA polymerase $\beta$ participate at least in the somatic chromosome mutations and mitotic recombination processes.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2005

The genotoxic effect of antimalarial drugs amodiaquine (AQ), mefloquine (MQ) and halofantrine (HF) was investigated in.at liver cells using the alkaline comet assay. AQ, MQ and HF at concentrations between $0-1000{\mu}mol/L$ significantly increased DNA strand breaks of rat liver cells dose-dependently. The order of induction of strand breaks was AQ>MQ>HF. The rat liver cells exposed to AQ and HF (200 and 400 ${\mu}mol/L$) and treated with (Fpg) the bacterial DNA repair enzyme that recognizes oxidized purine showed greater DNA damage than those not treated with the enzyme, providing evidence that AQ and HF induced oxidation of purines. Such an effect was not observed when MQ was treated with the enzyme. Treatment of cells with catalase, an enzyme inactivating hydrogen peroxide, decreased significantly the extent of DNA damage induced by AQ, and HF but not the one induced by MQ. Similarly quercetin, an antioxidant flavonoid at $50{\mu}mol/L$ attenuated the extent of the formation of DNA strand breaks by both AQ and HE. Quercetin, however, did not modify the effects of MQ. These results indicate the genotoxicity of AQ, MQ and HF in rat liver cells. In addition, the results suggest that reactive oxygen species may be involved in the formation of DNA lesions induced by AQ and HF and that, free radical scavengers may elicit protective effects against genotoxicity of these antimalarial drugs.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 1999

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from 54 specimens of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) species complex sampled from the southern coast of Korea was assayed for polymorphism with a portion of the COIII gene (336 bp). Fifteen haplotypes were found. PAUP, one-step networks, and PHYLIP analyses revealed the presence of two clearly differentiated mitochondrial clades (termed clades B and E), separated by 3.6% of minimum sequence divergence. The distribution pattern of the species appears to be consistent with category II of the phylogeographic pattern sensu (Avise et al., 1987): the presence of two discontinuous and distinct mtDNA genotypes in the same geographic region. This unusual mitochondrial polymorphism was explained by the presence of the Mediterranean species, M. galloprovincialis, possessing mtDNA of both M. galloprovincialis and M. edulis.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.343-349
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 한국 연안에 서식하는 대표적인 15종 패류의 핵DNA 함량을 조사하였다. 복족류에서 DNA 함량(pg DNA nucleus^-1 )은 3.3±0.08 (Haliotis discus hannai)과 2.4±0.18 (Batillus cornutus)이었다. 이매패류에서 DNA 함량(pg DNA nucleus^-1)은 2.0±0.15 (Scapharca broughtonii), 3.0±0.12 (Mytilus galloprovincialis), 2.9±0.05 (Meretrix lusoria), 2.2±0.03 (M. lamarkii), 2.6±0.05 (Fulvia mutica), 1.8±0.18 (Tegillarca granosa), 3.3±0.01 (Solen corneus), 2.2±0.04 (Barnea manilensis), 2.5±0.32 (Crassostrea gigas), 3.9±0.24 (Atrina pectinate), 3.5±0.15 (Patinopecten yessoensis), 1.9±0.16 (Amygdala philippinarum) 및 2.3±0.14 (Pseudocardium sachalinensis)이었다. 본 연구 결과는 본 연구에 사용된 패류의 genomic 진화과정을 더욱 잘 이해하는 새로운 정보를 제공한다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

조선소에서 배출되는 처리수, 혼합방류수 및 주변 하천수가 양식 생물에 미치는 생물 독성영향을 알아보기 위해 48시간 급성독성과 DNA 손상을 조사하였다. 조사대상 생물종으로는 조선소 주변에서 양식되고 있는 넙치, 조피볼락, 피조개, 멍게가 사용되었으며, 48 시간 노출 후 치사율을 파악하였고, DNA 손상 정도는 Comet assay을 이용하여 측정되었다. 급성독성 실험 결과, 넙치는 장평천에서 치사가 나타났고(26%), 조피볼락은 혼합방류수 1에서 치사가 나타났다(13%). 멍게는 고현천에서 10%의 치사율을 보였고, 피조개는 어느 시료에서도 치사가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구에 사용되어진 어떠한 시료에서도 실험생물을 50%까지 치사시키는 독성이 나타나지 않아 $LC_{50}$은 계산될 수 없었다. 넙치는 장평천과 혼합방류수에서 대조구보다 유의하게 높은 DNA 손상을 보여주었고, 조피볼락은 장평천에서 유의하게 높은 DNA손상이 나타났다(p<0.05). 멍게는 세탁폐수에서 유의한 DNA손상이 나타났지만, 피조개에서는 모든 처리구에서 DNA 손상을 보이지 않았다. 치사율과 DNA 손상을 고려하였을 때 조선소의 처리수와 혼합방류수보다는 장평천에서 놀은 생물독성을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.157-163
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• 1991

The effect of patulin, a mycotoxin, on the growth of Escherichia coli cell was investigated. E. coli cell elongation usually shown in SOS-response for DNA repair was induced by 20 mg of patulin per ml. After staining the E. coli chromosome with fluorescence dye(DAPI, 4', 6-diamino-2-phenyl-indole), chromosomal DNA partitioning was not affected by patulin. The observation indicateds that patulin acts as a DNA damaging agent which is effective for E. coli cell elongation introduced by the inhibition of septum formation.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회 2002년도 Current Trends in Toxicological Sciences
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• pp.84-84
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• 2002