• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 2018

Using hydrogen fuel is expected to be suitable as a reciprocating internal combustion engine with heightened interest in HALE(High Altitude Long Endurance) UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Hydrogen is hightest energy density per mass so it can continue to charge for long periods of time and have positive part of the environmental effects. However, it is estimated that there is less research on hydrogen fuel engine currently applied, and many studies need to be done. Depending on the operation, there are factors that result in supercooling due to reduced radiation or reduce cooling performance due to low air density. Therefore, the experiment was to change the temperature of the cooling water and investigate the effect on engine combustions. The limitation of the stable operation range due to backfire is dominated by the excess air ratio rather than the effect of the cooling water temperature change. When the cooling water temperature increases, the volumetric efficiency decreases and the torque decreases. As the cooling water temperature decreases, the heat loss was increased and consequently the thermal efficiency was decreased.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.222-229
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• 1999

These days, as the society has been in the trends of highly industrialized and the family has been downsized, there is remarkably increasing number of women who follow occupation. These changes have made it more difficult for the family to help post-partum mother, which had been performed in side of house. By the help of social believe that during at least 1 month after childbirth professional nursing program is indispensable for both maternity protection and physical-mental recuperation, now many post-partum care centers for post-partum mother have been in operation. Although these post-partum care center have in use for a long time, no study was performed before this study on the same subject. Data were analyzed using by SAS. The results of study are as follow : 1. The general features of the user of the post-partum care center. The predominant band of user's age is extended from 26 to 30. The users are mainly housewives and they are in higher level of incomes and educations. As for the feature of delivery methods, they performed the normal spontaneous vaginal delivery method by 58.0% and the Caesarean operation method by 42.0%. As for the sexuality for babies, 59.3% of infants are male, and 40.7% are female. The highest delivery order of users is first and admission after 1-3days delivery is highest. 2. The results for the investigation into the actual condition of the post-partum care center are as follow : About the main reason for entrance of the post-partum care center was found to be the needs for the better nursing programs for recuperation after childbirth. This demands are also supported by their husbands. The average length of stay in the post-partum care center is 17.6 days and the besides promised expense ; powdered milk, milk-suckers, disposable dippers, skin cares, body shape cares, entrophics, injections. The post-partum have private rooms for mother and infants. Over the half of average expense is 229 million won. They are paying accessory fees the post-partum care center have similar step organization : the nurses, the skin carers, the cleaners. Mostly both ways of feeding powdered milk and breast feeding are in use, and mother's milk is preserved in the night time to be given to infant by nurse in charge. 3. The results of the investigation on users' nursing demand to the post-partum care center and satisfaction are as follow : The ranking order of nursing demand of mothers who used the is that ; infant care demands, environmental demands, emotional and mental care demands, education and training demands. As much as 70% of the respondents have dissatisfaction in nursing program, The ranking order of service satisfaction of mothers who used appears to be higher following order ; satisfaction in infant care demand, satisfaction in physical nursing demand, satisfaction in emotional and mental nursing demand, satisfaction in education and training demand, satisfaction in environment nursing demand. The results of pearson correlation. between nursing demand and service satisfaction of mothers who used are found to be relative noticeable in the level of 0.05. only infant care. The 61.7% of the women who used the post-partum care center. are responding that they will reuse the same post-partum care center again.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.15 no.2 s.70
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• pp.50-57
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• 2006

Production of activated carbon from woody fish parking cases has been studied using waste sulfuric acid as an activating agent for the purpose or promoted recycling of woody fishing port wastes. The adsorption capacity of produced activated carbon was observed to increase with activation temperature and reached its maximum at ca. $650^{\circ}C$ under the experimental conditions. However, the adsorption capacity of activated carbon became deteriorated above this temperature due to the thermal degeneration of its structure. Optimal activation time was found to be about 120 minutes and 1:3 weight ratio of raw material and activating agent was appropriate for increased adsorption capacity of activated carbon under the conditions of $550^{\circ}C$ and 60 minutes of activation time. Regarding the effect of the concentration of activating agent on activation, ca. 1.2 M of sulfuric acid was observed to be proper for an optimal activation or raw material. Comparison of the activation power of sulfuric acid with nitric acid showed that sulfuric acid was superior to nitric acid, however, with regard to the yield of activated carbon there was no significant difference between the two activating agents. The degree of dispersion of carbon particles was shown to be relatively high in neutral condition and the produced activated carbon was considered to be effectively employed for the treatment of metal ions in wastewater due to its negative surface charge in aqueous condition.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.49-57
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• 1999

In CLO2 delignification and bleaching process, formation of chlorate corresponds to a loss of 20-36% of the original CKO2 charge. Because chlorate is inactive and harmful to environmental, it will be of benefit to find methods that can reduce the formation of chlorate during chlorine dioxide bleaching. Chlorate is mainly formed by the reaction HCIO +ClO2 $\longrightarrow$H+ + Cl_ +ClO3-2 On the other hand, AOX in chlorine dioxide bleacing is formed also due to the in-situ produced hypochlorous acid. THus both AOX and chlorate could be reduced by addition of hypochlorous acid. Some paper son the reduction of AOX by additives appeared , but systematic data on chlorate reduction as well as pulp and effluent properties are not available. THus this paper of focused on the effects on the reduction of chlorate and chlorine dioxide bleachability. The additives, fulfamic a챵, AMSO, hydrogen peroxide, oxalic acid were found to eliminate chlorine selectively in chlorine and chlorine dioxide mixture.However, when they were added to bleaching process, sulfamic acid and DMSO showed significant reduction of chlorate formation but hydrogen peroxide and oxalic aicd did not, and significant amount ofhydrogen peroxide was found resided in the bleaching effluent , In addition, sulfamic acid and DMSO decreased the bleaching end ph values while hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid did not, which also indicated that hydrogen peroxide and oxalic acid were ineffective. The difference might be ascribed to the competitives of hypochlorous acid with lignin, chlorite (CKO2) and additives. Sulfamic acid and DMSO showed better pulpbrightness development but less alkaline extraction efficiency than hydrogen peroxide , oxalic acid and control, which means that insitu hypochlorous acid contributes to the formation of new chromophore structures that can be easily eliminated by alkaline extraction. DMSO decreased the delignification ability of chlorine dioxide due to the elimination of hypochlorous acid, but sfulfamic acid did to because the chlroinated sulfamic acid had stable bleachability. In addition, sulfamic acid, and SMSO shwed decreased color and COD of bleaching effluents, hydrogen peroxide decreased effluent color but not COD content, and oxalic acid had no statistically significant effects. No significant decreases of pulp viocosity were found except for hydrogen peroxide. Based on our results , we suggest that the effectiveness of hydrogen peroxide on the reduction of AOX in literature might be explained by other mechanisms not due to the elimination of hypochlorous acid , but to the direct decomposition of AOX by hydrogen peroxide.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.128-138
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• 2002

Waste recyling is a very important concept with waste minimization in the waste managment. Especially, recycling waste from the point of environmental and economical view is useful. The recycling part of package waste needs to continuously grow. But, cosmetic container, which is continuosly increased as waste. The difficulty of waste treatment in cosmetic industy produces complicated environment problem. Cosmetic container is difficult to recycle because it mostly made of complex material. Also, cosmetic container is difficult to separate I source and thus usually are generated mixed waste. In this study we performed an analysis on the Recycling Improvement method of a Cosmetic Container The result of this study could be summarized as follows 1) As a part of law and a system improvement, must be achieved Improvement Cosmetic law, Deposit refund system. and charge system, Technology development for recycling of a cosmetic container, Extension of refill productions, Recovery system establishment of a cosmetic container and inducement of a maker's recycling paticipation. 2) As a part of a cosmetic container design improvement, must be achieved simplification and standardize of container's cuality, Cosmetic life cycle extension, Selection of recycling materials and Cosr reduction of a cosmetic container. In conclusion, To the recycling improvement of a cosmetic container, must be achived collective development of system improvement, participation of the government and company and a consumer's recycling consciousness. Most of all, A company need to try to recycling container development of a cosmetic container.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.60-72
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• 2007

In general, the importance of geological information is emphasized not only for national SOC construction, underground space development and energy resources development but also in areas related to environmental disasters such as mine damage, ground subsidence and landslides. Although geological information is highly useful in developing industrial raw materials, national land management and people's welfare, there is no unified governmental institution in charge of collecting and managing geological information in the national level. For this, this paper study: first, to analyze geological demand for common experts; second, to analyze geological demand for public institution; and third, to set priority for geological informatization. In the result of surveying demand for geological information, we need to improve laws and systems for collecting and reporting geology-related materials, making thematic maps, and maintaining and managing geological information we need to establish national strategies and build an integrated system for interoperability of databases and systems. Accordingly, we will guideline on future direction of strategies for the national integration of geological information management system.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.47-61
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• 2001

The study was carried out to suggest the development scheme of Forestry Association by the method of member's consciousness inclination analysis. The results are as follows ; 1. Most of Association members perceived the necessity for re-education about cooperative association, especially the research suitable to the characteristics of Korea Forestry. 2. 59.9% of members had negative response against revision of Forestry Association Law, and 39.5% of members had negative opinion about taking exclusive charge of forest working by Forestry Association, noting the need of immediate publicity activities for those charges. 3. Large number of members pointed out that the most serious problems for the management of private forest were the budgetary deficit and the lack of joint marketing system of forest products. 25.9% of members had complaints about the management of their own forests after joining the association. 4. 34.0% of members opposed Proxy Management and 48.8% of members wanted Portion Consignment System. 5. The analysis noted that due to increase of the aged in rural communities, it is necessary to establish Forestry Working Corps, which is under the control of the Government and Forestry Association to supply forestry labor in a appropriate time. 6. Most of Association members liked establishment of Special Association for each forest products.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.64-80
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• 1974

The social understanding of the rehabilitation and welfare work for the handicapped children is nearly devoid in Korea. Especially the medical rehabilitation or nursing for them is left ign. ored as well as the literature preferential to this study is wanted. For the purpose of conducting the study of this thesis Sam Yook Children's Rehabilitation Center, Inc. and Crippled Children's Center, Yonsei University Medical center sampled out; covering three months from Aug. 1 to Oct. 30, 1973, the problems of children's rehabilitation, the characteristics of the children, the medical rehabilitation, nursing, education, and vocational rehabilitation were interviewed and widely grasped. This thesis aimed at developing the rehabilitation, the professional nursing and especially aimed at contributing to the improvement of welfare for the handicapped by analysing, observing the result of this study. The result is as follows: 1. Sam Yook Children's Rehabilitation Center, Inc. has, since its establishment, contributed to the advancement of the crippled children and its purpose consists in implementing services, medical rehabilitation, nursing, education and vocational training. Crippled Children's Center, Yonsei University Medical Center is, being based on Christianity, aiming at the medical treatment and education for the crippled children. 2. All of the children admitted in the children's rehabilitation centers are the crippled children. The ratio of boys io girls is three to two. Boys are more than girls. Orphan formed 55.2 per sent of them. About 60 per cent of them is receiving medical attention free of charge. But there is no orphan in Crippled Children's Center, Yonsei University Medical Center. 3. 15.7 per cent of them have received the previous medical attention before their admitting in the centers; in Sam Yook Children's Rehabilitation Center 8.6 percent, Crippled Children's Center, Yonsei University Medical Center 50 percent; there is remarkable difference between the two. 4. On the standpoint of period of being in the centers, the children who have been over three years in Sam Yook Children's Rehabilitation Center formed 48.7 per cent; in Crippled Children's Center, Yonsei University Medical Center 2.6 percent; there is also considerable difference between the two; they couldn't discharge from the centers owing to the economic conditions and being orphan. 5. Among the diagnosis of the crippled children, poliomyelitis formed highest 51.7 percent of them ; cerebral palsy formed 30 percent secondly in order. Environmental factors (67.8 percent formed about three times of congenital factors (23.7 percent). 6. The children who are capable of doing independently activity of daily living formed 87.9 percent; 73.2 percent can walk about 300 m by wearing brace and so on. The ratio of wearing brace or leg prosthesis formed 47.4 per cent: crutch 44.3 per cent. The medical rehabilitation service and education for the crippled, are comparatively well carried out. But it is desired to improve and cultivate the vocational training, vocational guidance and special nursing to the insufficiency of their implementation. In the tendency that the rehabilitation and welfare for the handicapped are today emphasized, International Handicapped Rehabilitation Association, declaring that 1970s are the decade of rehabilitation, urged to improve positively the policy of rehabilitation and welfare for the handicapped. But here in korea the handicapped, being the object of social prejudice, ignorance, disdain lives in obscurity. Therefore the government or the community should draw up countermeasure on social under-standing, financial support, and rehabilitation services for the handicapped as well as should endeavor to make them participate in social activities as the productive total- person though they are physically imperfect.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.97-107
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• 2017

In the field of automatic door, the infrared rays and microwave sensor are much used as the important components in charge of the motor's operation control of open and close through the incoming signal of object recognition. In case of existing system that the sensor of the infrared rays and microwave are applied to the automatic door, there are many malfunctions by the infrared rays and visible rays of the sun. Because the automatic doors are usually installed outside of building in state of exposure. The environmental change by temperature difference occurs the noise of object recognition detection signal. With this problem, the hardware fault that the detection sensor is unable to follow the object moving rapidly within detection area makes the sensing blind spot. This fault should be improved as soon as possible. Because It influences safety of passengers who use the automatic doors. This paper conducted an experiment to improve the detection area by installing extra ultrasonic sensor besides existing detection sensor. So, this paper realize the computing circuit and detection algorithm which can correctly and rapidly process the access route of objects moving fast and the location area of fixed obstacles by applying detection and advantages of ultrasonic signal to the automatic doors. With this, It is proved that the automatic door applying ultrasonic sensor is improved detection area of blind spot sensing through field test and improvement plan is proposed.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2013

Organic semiconductor-based soft electronics has potential advantages for next-generation electronics and displays, which request mobile convenience, flexibility, light-weight, large area, etc. Organic field-effect transistors (OFET) are core elements for soft electronic applications, such as e-paper, e-book, smart card, RFID tag, photovoltaics, portable computer, sensor, memory, etc. An optimal multi-layered structure of organic semiconductor, insulator, and electrodes is required to achieve high-performance OFET. Since most organic semiconductors are self-assembled structures with weak van der Waals forces during film formation, their crystalline structures and orientation are significantly affected by environmental conditions, specifically, substrate properties of surface energy and roughness, changing the corresponding OFET. Organo-compatible insulators and surface treatments can induce the crystal structure and orientation of solution- or vacuum-processable organic semiconductors preferential to the charge-carrier transport in OFET.