• Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• 제41권11호
• /
• pp.310-317
• /
• 2017

Background: Many studies about climate-related range shift of plants have focused on understanding the relationship between climatic factors and plant distributions. However, consideration of adaptation factors, such as dispersal and plant physiological processes, is necessary for a more accurate prediction. This study predicted the future distribution of marlberry (Ardisia japonica), a warm-adapted evergreen broadleaved shrub, under climate change in relation to the dispersal ability that is determined by elapsed time for the first seed production. Results: We introduced climate change data under four representative concentration pathway (RCP 2.6, 4.5, 6.0, and 8.5) scenarios from five different global circulation models (GCMs) to simulate the future distributions (2041~2060) of marlberry. Using these 20 different climate data, ensemble forecasts were produced by averaging the future distributions of marlberry in order to minimize the model uncertainties. Then, a dispersal-limited function was applied to the ensemble forecast in order to exam the impact of dispersal capacity on future marlberry distributions. In the dispersal-limited function, elapsed time for the first seed production and possible dispersal distances define the dispersal capacity. The results showed that the current suitable habitats of marlberry expanded toward central coast and southern inland area from the current southern and mid-eastern coast area in Korea. However, given the dispersal-limited function, this experiment showed lower expansions to the central coast area and southern inland area. Conclusions: This study well explains the importance of dispersal capacity in the prediction of future marlberry distribution and can be used as basic information in understanding the climate change effects on the future distributions of Ardisia japonica.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2022

Urban flood management(UFM) strategy ought to consider the connections and interactions between existing and new infrastructures to manage stormwater and improve the capacity to treat water. It is also important to demonstrate strategies that can be implemented to reduce the flow at flooding sources and minimize flood risk at critical locations. Although the general theory of spatial impact is popular, modeling guidelines that can provide information for implementation in real-world plans are still lacking. Under such background, this study conducted a modeling research based on an actual target site to confirm the hypothesis that it is appropriate to install green infrastructure(GI) in the source area and to take structural protection measures in the impact area, as summarized in previous studies. The results of the study proved the hypothesis, but the results were different from the hypothesis depending on which hydrological performance indicators were targeted. This study will contribute to demonstrating the effectiveness of strategies that can be implemented to reduce the flow at flooding sources and minimize the risk of flooding in critical locations in terms of spatial planning and regeneration.

• ALGAE
• /
• 제38권2호
• /
• pp.141-150
• /
• 2023

Light quality is a common environmental factor which influences the metabolism of biochemical substances in algae and leads to the response of algal growth and development. Pyropia yezoensis is a kind of economic macroalgae that naturally grows in the intertidal zone where the light environment changes dramatically. In the present study, P. yezoensis thalli were treated under white light (control) and monochromatic lights with primary colors (blue, green, and red) for 14 days to explore their physiological response to light quality. During the first 3 days of treatment, P. yezoensis grew faster under blue light than other light qualities. In the next 11 days, it showed better adaptation to green light, with higher growth rate and photosynthetic capacity (reflected by a higher rETR_max = 61.58 and E_k = 237.78). A higher non-photochemical quenching was observed in the treatment of red light than others for 14 days. Furthermore, the response of P. yezoensis to light quality also results in the difference of photosynthetic pigment contents. The monochromatic light could reduce the synthesis of all pigments, but the reduction degree was different, which may relate to the spectral absorption characteristics of pigments. It was speculated that P. yezoensis adapted to a specific or changing light environments by regulating the synthesis of pigments to achieve the best use of light energy in photosynthesis and premium growth and metabolism.

• 한국수산과학회지
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.782-793
• /
• 1997

식물 플랑크톤의 인위적인 용승조건 하에서 생리적 적응 (shift-up)을 알아보기 위하여, 안정동위원소인 $^{15}N-KNO_3$를 이용하여 실험실에서 Dunaliella tertiolecta의 질산염 흡수 능력을 측정하였다. 그 결과 예상과는 달리 최대 질소비 질산염 흡수 속도 $(V_{NO3})$와 초기 질산염 농도 사이에는 유의성 있는 상관관계가 나타나지 않았다. 그러나 최대 질산염 운반 속도 $(\rho_{NO3})$와 $25\;{\mu}M$ 이하의 초기 질산염 농도 사이에는 강한 상관성이 나타났으며, 이는 배양 세포의 생리적인 상태에 의한 영향에도 기인한다. $\rho_{NO3}$의 증가는 주로 입자성 유기 질소 농도의 증가와 함께 부분적으로는 $V_{NO3}$의 증가에 기인한다. 식물 플랑크톤 개체군이 심하게 shift-down되었을 경우 질산염 흡수의 생리적 적응은 높은 초기 질산염 농도에서 주목할 만큼 저해되었다. 최대 $V_{NO3}$ 또는 $\rho_{NO3}$이 나타나는 시기는 초기 질산염 농도와 관련이 있다. 높은 초기 질산염 농도에서는 $V_{NO3}$와 $\rho_{NO3}$의 최대치가 낮은 초기 질산염 농도에서보다 $1\~2$일 정도 늦게 나타났다. 이는 Zimmerman et al. (1987)의 shift-up 모델에서의 예측과 상반되는 결과이다. Shift-up 과정은 명백히 내부적인 시간순서와 초기 질산염 농도에 의하여 조절되지만, $V_{NO3}$의 크기는 질산염 농도의 변화에 거의 영향을 받지 알았다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
• /
• 제53권5호
• /
• pp.323-336
• /
• 2020

기후변화로 인하여 한국의 연 강수량은 20세기부터 증가해 왔으며 미래에도 계속 증가할 것이라 전망되고 있다. 이와 함께 홍수 발생 가능성이 동반 상승하고 있기에 합리적인 홍수위험도 평가에 기반한 국가 단위 적응정책 수립이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 전국의 홍수위험도를 일괄적으로 평가할 수 있는 체계를 정의하고 홍수위험지수(Flood Risk Index, FRI)를 산정했다. IPCC AR5의 개념을 참고하여 위험도를 위해, 노출, 대응능력의 조합으로 평가하는 체계를 확립하였다. FRI는 자료 기반으로 산출되었으며, 요소별 가중치를 부여하여 설명력 향상을 도모하였다. FRI와 피해자료간 스피어만(Spearman) 상관성 분석을 한 결과 적절한 수준으로 잠재적인 홍수피해 크기를 평가할 수 있다는 것이 검증되었다. 미래 홍수위험도 평가를 위해 HadGEM3-RA 기반의 RCP 4.5, 8.5 시나리오를 투영했을 때 21세기 초, 중반에는 약화되었다가 21세기 말엔 현재보다 높은 위험도를 보이는 경향이 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
• /
• 제22권6호
• /
• pp.677-693
• /
• 2013

IPCC showed that calculation of climate vulnerability index requires standardization process of various proxy variables for the estimation of climate exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. In this study, four different methodologies of standardization methods: Z-score, Rescaling, Ranking, and Distance to the reference country, are employed to evaluate climate vulnerability-VRI (Vulnerability-Resilience Indicator) over Korean peninsula, and the error ranges of VRI, arising from employing the different standardization are estimated. All of proxy variables are provided by CCGIS (Climate Change adaptation toolkit based on GIS) which hosts information on both past and current socio-economic data and climate and environmental IPCC SRES (A2, B1, A1B, A1T, A1FI, and A1 scenarios) climate data for the decades of 2000s, 2020s, 2050s, and 2100s. The results showed that Z-score and Rescaling methods showed statistically undistinguishable results with minor differences of spatial distribution, while Ranking and Distance to the reference country methods showed some possibility to lead the different ranking of VRI among South Korean provinces, depending on the local characteristics and reference province. The resultant VRIs calculated from different standardization methods showed Cronbach's alpha of more than 0.84, indicating that all of different methodologies were overall consistent. Similar horizontal distributions were shown with the same trends: VRI increases as province is close to the coastal region and/or it close toward lower latitude, and decreases as it is close to urbanization area. Other characteristics of the four different standardization are discussed in this study.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제56권4호
• /
• pp.59-68
• /
• 2014

Climate change influences multiple environmental aspects, certain of which are specifically related to agricultural water resources such as water supply, water management, droughts and floods. Understanding the impact of climate change on reservoirs in relation to the passage of time is an important component of water resource management for stable water supply maintenance. Changes on rainfall and hydrologic patterns due to climate change can increases the occurrence of reservoir water shortage and affect the future availability of agricultural water resources. It is a main concern for sustainable development in agricultural water resources management to evaluate adaptation capability of water supply under the future climate conditions. The purpose of this study is to predict the sustainability of agricultural water demand and supply under future climate change by applying an irrigation vulnerability assessment model to investigate evidence of climate change occurrences at a local scale with respect to potential water supply capacity and irrigation water requirement. Thus, it is a recommended practice in the development of water supply management strategies on reservoir operation under climate change.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제63권3호
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 2018

Weedy rice (Oryza sativa) is a semi-wild rice grown in paddy fields and is more adapted to the environment than cultivated rice. Therefore, it is expected that the seeds of weedy rice might contain some chemicals related to its environmental adaptation, such as antioxidants, which may be useful for nutritional and medicinal purposes. This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidant activities of weedy rice compared to a Korean-bred rice cultivar, Sindongjin (SDJ), and to screen lines that show higher antioxidant activity in 199 accessions of weedy rice germplasm collected in Korea. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity ranged from 31.0 to 91.7%, with an average of 82.5%, and 19 accessions that showed more than 91% antioxidant activity were selected. The 19 accessions were re-screened against non-germinated brown rice (BR) and germinated brown rice (GBR) using four assays, total phenol determination, DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, and reducing power activities. The results showed that accession 'WD3' had the highest antioxidant capacity in both BR and GBR, suggesting that WD3 is a promising potential source of antioxidants and could be developed as a potentially functional substance material.

• 한국농공학회논문집
• /
• 제62권2호
• /
• pp.111-120
• /
• 2020

This study assessed the reliability of the agricultural water supply based on future climate change scenarios, and suggested plans to improve the reliability in order to promote the adaptability of irrigation water in agricultural reservoirs to climate change. The assessment of agricultural water supply reliability was performed on reservoirs which had a lower water quantity than their design basis and which had recently been subject to drought. In other words, from the irrigation districts of main intake works among the reservoirs managed by the Korea Rural Community Corporation, 1~2 districts in each province-that is, a total of 13 districts -that were recently designated as a district for securing agricultural water (drought prevention district) were selected. Climate change scenarios were applied to the selected districts to analyze their future water supply reliability compared to the current level. All districts selected showed a drought frequency of 4 years or shorter, which demonstrated the need to establish climate change response plans. As plans for responding to climate change, a plan that utilizes supplemental intake works to reduce the area of the irrigation districts of main intake works, and another one that increases the capacity of main intake works were adopted to reanalyze their water supply reliability. When the area of the irrigation districts of main intake works was reduced by about 30~40%, the drought frequency dropped to more than 10 years, securing the reliability of water supply. To secure the reliability by increasing the capacity of main intake works, it was calculated that about 19,000~2,400,000 tons need to be added to each reservoir. In addition, climate change response plans were suggested to improve the reliability of the water supply in each district based on the results of economic analysis.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• 제7권2호
• /
• pp.106-131
• /
• 2016

The general purpose of this paper is to identify opportunities for and to measure existing collaboration on research and development between institutions from the countries of Asia and Latin America in FEALAC's framework, in the fields of biotechnology and nanotechnology and their convergence. The methodological approach includes scientific and technological surveillance and research seeking to identify both the R&D and innovation capacities of the countries as well as the degree of international cooperation between countries of the two regions; case studies and a study of the governance framework of international collaboration in R&D about issues considered global challenges. The study has three main findings. First, nanotechnology, biotechnology and their convergence contribute to solving the problem of contamination by heavy metals affecting most of the countries that are part of FEALAC and to address problems arising from the accelerated rate of energy consumption, which also contributes to environmental damage. In this scenario, important business opportunities arise from the adaptation and development of bio-refinery technologies. Second, the scientific relationship between FEALAC countries, mainly between Asian and Latin American countries, is weak as can be seen in research for articles and patents. But there is plenty of room and potential for improvement. Third, current and upcoming joint R&D programs and projects should be linked both to existing governance structures and to new ones that serve as experiments of STI public policy regarding innovative management of intellectual property and capacity building. Practical implications are included in lessons learned and a set of recommendations involving a couple of proposals. One proposal calls for research and innovation in promising fields for international cooperation. Another proposal creates mechanisms in the governance framework for sharing knowledge, capacity building, and funding.