• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.155-163
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• 2006

To investigate the actual management condition of group homes for the elderly and their living environment, four group homes and 26 elderly people living in the group home were surveyed. As the results, the relationships between the administrator and the elderly were acceptable, but the group homes seem suffer from insufficient administrative supports. The most required service in the group homes was a conversational partner service. Moreover, the most satisfactory point for the elderly living in group homes was the settlement of food, clothing, and housing. The unsatisfactory things were the service related to medical, leisure, and house work and an invasion of their private life. The resident elderly in group homes were fully satisfied with their living environment including the relationship with the manager and the people in the facility. They, however, do not have much chance to make an exchange with their neighbor. Overall, the elderly want to stay continuously in the group homes where they are living current.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.5-20
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• 2006

This study was a preliminary investigation into improving the environmental and healthy quality of childcare centers. The purpose of this study was to determine the management condition on indoor environment and hygiene of childcare centers in Cheongju. Questionnaire survey was carried out from 11st to 26th of August 2004 by mail. Respondents were consisting of 55 teachers, an executive of each childcare center in Cheongju. From the survey results, there were some problems in 'empty period after remodeling work for preventing sick house syndrome', 'humidity controling', 'glare controling', 'indoor or outdoor noise controling', 'cleaning frequency of each room', 'washing method of toys', 'laundry frequency of rag doll and bedclothes'. So, we need to establish the regulations or give some educations and informations about indoor environment and hygiene to administrators of childcare centers.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.463-479
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of heating equipments by implementing the extreme environment in which ships navigating the ice zone are exposed and to study and apply the experimental method to infer the optimized design for each factors. Methods: It is required to verify by analysis and experiment how the environment with low temperature and wind speed implemented through the test facility affects the heating walk-way and The optimum design of the heating walk-way in that extreme environment is derived using the Taguchi technique. Results: The results of this study are as follows; It was found the effect on the condition of each factor and derive optimized conditions that satisfy the performance condition of the heating walk-way in extreme use environment. Conclusion: Ships operating in Polar waters require reliable and durable facilities for all environments during sailing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2004.09a
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• pp.302-306
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• 2004

Probabilistic approaches are applied to the problem of groundwater remediation design to consider the risk of design and heterogeneity of real condition. Hydraulic conductivity fields are generated by two methods. First, the homogeneous domains which have the hydraulic conductivity with log-normal distribution are constructed by using Latin Hypercube method. Second, random fields with a certain spatial correlation are also generated. The optimal solutions represented by cumulative distribution function (CDF) of relative cost are calculated by three different manners. The one uses the homogeneous domains with the optimal design of base condition. It shows that ver)'wide range of cost and the influences of different penalty values. The other one uses the random field with same design and shows narrow range of cost. These CDF can reflect on the risk of optimal solution in a simple exampie condition and be effective in estimating the cost of groundwater remediation.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.93-96
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• 2005

To investigate the actual management condition of group homes for the elderly and their living environment, four group homes and 26 elderly people living in the group home were surveyed. As the results, the relationships between the administrator and the elderly were acceptable, but the group homes seem suffer from insufficient administrative supports. The most required in the group homes was a conversational partner service. Moreover, the most satisfactory point for the elderly living in group homes was the settlement of food, clothing, and housing. The unsatisfactory things were the service related to medical, leisure, and house work and an invasion of their private life. The resident elderly in group homes were fully satisfied with their living environment including the relationship with the manager and the people in the facility. They, however, do not have much chance to make an exchange with their neighbor. Overall, the elderly want to stay continuously in the group homes where they are living current.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to find Healing elements in the late work of Frank Lloyd Wright. Healing elements are mainly composed of physical, social and psychological functions, which are clearly reflected in holistic attitude and intuition in his Organic theory of Architecture. Late works of Wright since 1935 show particularly shapes of triangle and circle creating the emotional images associated with Hope and Infinity. His image-oriented design attitude is thought to be strongly related to the pursuit of Utopian ideal which means peaceful condition. He regarded it as the consequence of integrity and control, which could be thought as condition of Healing environment. Refuge and Prospect can be complementary elements of spatial expression representing peaceful and dynamic condition of the Nature itself. Five works selected in this case study have unique design ideas related to the function and image of Healing environment interpreted by the criteria of Refuge and Prospect.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.57-63
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• 2015

Bioavailability of cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) can be different depending on soil pH. For this reason, main purpose of this research was to compare bioavailability of Cd and As in agricultural field under varied soil pH and different extractants. Bioavailable fraction of Cd and As in soil was extracted with $CaCl_2$, $NaNO_3$, DTPA, EDTA, and low molecular weight organic acids (LMWOAs). Soil samples and cultivated crops were collected at the range of soil pH 4.5-8.5 and correlation analysis was conducted between bioavailable fraction of Cd and As in soil and total concentration of Cd and As in crops. Results showed that concentration of Cd and As in acidic soil was ranged $0.002-0.462mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.041-4.903mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. In alkaline condition, concentration of Cd and As were ranged $0.006-0.351mg\;kg^{-1}$ and $0.039-2.807mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively. Comparing bioavailable fraction of Cd and As in acidic and alkaline soil condition, higher concentration was measured in acidic condition. Similarly, higher average concentration of Cd and Asin crops was observed in acidic condition (0.398 and $0.751mg\;kg^{-1}$ respectively) than alkaline condition (0.248 and $0.264mg\;kg^{-1}$). Among different extractants, LMWOAs method showed higher correlation ($r^2=0.545$) for Cd in acidic condition indicating that LMWOAs method could be applied for evaluating bioavailability of Cd in acidic soil. However, no high correlation was observed for As in both acidic and alkaline condition. Overall, bioavailable fraction of Cd and As can be higher in acidic condition of soil than alkaline condition resulting higher uptake of Cd and As from soil to crops. Therefore, efficient best management practice (BMPs) for Cd and As in acidic soil should be conducted for minimizing uptake of Cd and As into crops.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

This study investigated the actual condition focusing on the lighting environment which is a major element in aspect of indoor environment of a public library and assessed user satisfaction. Research results are as follows: Firstly, numbers of lighting fixtures per dimension of a reading room in a public library were inconsistent due to the lack of definite regulations, which was found to have negative effect on night time illuminance. Secondly, it was assessed that illuminance between the day time influenced by natural lighting and in the nighttime without natural lighting has more than 10-fold difference. Therefore, such a condition is judged to be inappropriate for lighting environment of a reading room where users spend a long time studying and thus, it is considered that an appropriate measures should be taken. Thirdly, as the survey result on users' satisfaction with lighting environment was revealed to be lesser than 3 points, lighting plan in consideration of its users should be progressed.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.57-74
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• 2009

In order to clarify the vertical ozone distribution in planetary boundary layer of coastal area with complex terrain, an observation campaign was carried out around Gwangyang Bay with dense pollutant emission sources during two days from June, 4 2007. For this observation are Radiosonde, SODAR(SOnic Detection And Ranging) and Tethered ozone sonde were employed. The surface meteorological and photochemical observation data provided by AWS (Automatic Weather System) and AQMS (Air Quality Monitoring System) were also applied for analysis. Synoptic condition is strongly associated with lower level ozone distribution in complex terrain coastal area. Since mesoscale circulation induced by difference of characteristics of land and sea and orographic forcing is predominant under calm synoptic condition, vertical distribution of ozone is complicate and vertical ozone concentration greatly fluctuated. However in second day when synoptic influence become strong, ozone concentration in lower levels is vertically uniform regardless of observation level. This results in vertical observation indicates that vertical ozone distribution is often determined by synoptic condition and also affects surface ozone concentration.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.23-28
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of optimized environment conditions with growth stage in photoautotrophic micropropagation on the growth of potato (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Dejima) plantlets and energy efficiency. Optimum environment conditions at each stage were decided in our previous study. For the evaluation of optimized environment control, potato plantlets were cultured under four different conditions: photoautotrophic optimum conditions of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and $CO_2$ levels with growth stage (POG), photoautotrophic constant condition with average PPFD and $CO_2$ levels (PCA), photoauototrophic constant condition with maximum PPFD and $CO_2$ levels (PCM), and photomixotrophic conventional condition with 3% sucrose (PMC) as control. As a result, environment control with growth stage (POG) significantly promoted all the growth characteristics such as the number of nodes and unfolded leaves, shoot height, shoot diameter, and fresh and dry weights of potato grown in vitro. In addition, based on dry weight consumed electricity and $CO_2$ were the lowest in POG suggesting the highest energy efficiency among the treatments. After transferring potato plantlets to greenhouse, the plantlets under POG showed vigorous growth, which was pretty similar with those under PMC. The accumulations of dry matter in POG were 4.7 times in vitro and 3.8 times in greenhouse as much as those in the conventional control (PCM). Thus, we concluded that in vitro environment control with growth stage induced vigorous growth of potato plantlets both in vitro and in greenhouse with less energy consumption.