• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

In South Korea, the conflict between development and conservation policy still exist among government ministries, and conventional development plan often has priority over conservation policy. Establishment of sustainable development and comprehensive management policy employing the results of ecosystem service studies are highly warranted, but researchers in South Korea are still limited and often misuse the concept of ecosystem services. Thus, we aimed to introduce the concept of Ecosystem Service (ES) and related terminologies such as Social-Ecological Systems (SESs), ecosystem function, trade-off, and human well-being in this paper. Additionally, this article reviewed and arranged key approaches in ES studies as follows: 1) field works, 2) mapping ecosystem services, 3) valuing ES, 4) quantifying trade-offs between ES and 5) understanding SESs. Based on those results, we suggest that field works for basic information have the first priority to be conducted among ES studies. Once basic information is sufficiently accumulated, researchers can perform applied ES research with accuracy. Finally, results of ES studies conducted by five approaches allow decision makers to consider both natural system and society simultaneously, and hence the results can be utilized for sustainable development and conservation policy based on ecosystem-based management.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.91-111
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• 2001

This study was conducted in order to develop inter-local cooperation strategies between the City of Incheon, in Korea, and three provinces in northeastern China. We begin with a description of the history of and prospects for trade between Korea and China, an explanation of the current economic status of Incheon, statistics on the economy, trade and investment trends in the region, and information on the ports of the three Chinese provinces. The following strategies are suggested for inter-local cooperation based on the current circumstances. First, cooperative industrial strategies and economic investment for promoting the mutual concerns and interests of China and Korea were developed. Second, a practical way of utilizing the Incheon Industrial Park located in Dandong, China, was devised to stimulate industrial and investment cooperation. Third, a method of building a network among major ports in Korea and other Northeast Asian port cities was developed. Fourth, an international logistics transportation system that makes connection between sea, land and air easier through logistics standardization was suggested in preparation fur the changing environment of logistics brought about by the opening of the new Incheon International Airport. Fifth, methods of Improving port facilities are suggested. And, finally, the role and necessity of the Incheon City Interchange Center in executing inter-local cooperation strategies is described.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2020

Purpose - With the increasing uncertainty of China's domestic political and economic environment in recent years, Korean MNC subsidiaries in the Chinese market face greater challenges and competition. Based on the insufficiency of existing research and the need for enterprise management practices, this paper uses the Chinese subsidiaries of Korean MNCs as an example to study and explore how knowledge management and dynamic capabilities affect ambidextrous innovation and the relationship between ambidextrous innovation and subsidiary performance. Design/methodology - From January to March 2019, this study collected 341 valid questionnaires using a survey company specializing in China for the members of the Chinese subsidiaries of Korean MNCs to verify the hypotheses. Using the collected data, the study model was verified using the Smart PLS 3.0 statistical package. Findings - Knowledge transfer and knowledge sharing have positive effects on dynamic capabilities and ambidextrous innovation, and dynamic capabilities have a positive impact on ambidextrous innovation. Ambidextrous innovation has been shown to have a significant effect on subsidiary performance. In addition, a partial mediating effect of dynamic capabilities on the relationship between knowledge management and ambidexterity innovation was found. Originality/value - In the academic context, this paper contributes theoretically to the relationship between knowledge management and ambidextrous innovation, as well as the mechanism of dynamic capability, and to verify the relationship between ambidextrous innovation and corporate performance. Against the background of MNC management, the results of this study provide further enlightenment for managers of subsidiaries.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.56
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• pp.3-27
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• 2012

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a relational model which can explain consumer selection for exporting goods and analyze the effect of corporate image on the relations between country image and consumer selection under global trade environment. The specific objectives are as follows: 1) to suggest a concept of consumer selection and measurement criteria, 2) to analyze correlations among country image, corporate image and consumer selection and 3) to find out the effect of corporate image on the relations between country image and consumer selection. The SPSS program for window and LISREL program were used to analyze the data for this study. The statistical method used in this study was the covariance structure analysis estimating parameters by maximum likelihood method. Path coefficients were tested for t-tests with a statistical significance level of .05. The conclusions of this study are as follows. First, significant correlations were observed among all sub-variables proposed in this study. In addition, significant correlations were detected among country image, consumer selection and corporate image. Second, a hypothetical model proposed in this study was mostly appropriate. Country image had a positive direct effect on consumer selection and corporate image with statistical significance. In addition, it has an indirect impact on consumer selection with statistical significance with corporate image as an intervening variable. Third, corporate image had a significant moderation effect in country image-consumer selection relations. As corporate image levels increased, the effect of country image on consumer selection increased as well. In other words, it has been confirmed that if corporate image levels are high, country image could end up with consumer selection.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Local management trade ports are small-sized trade ports, which require active operation to strengthen the local cities' economic power and enhance the local industries' added value. In addition, local management trade ports should berth ships larger than the existing ships to increase efficiency and keep up with the international trend where ships are becoming larger. Furthermore, they should also prepare operating standards. This study selected Okgye Port among local management trade ports. We performed a mooring safety simulation evaluation according to the scenario where a 50,000 DWT vessel is moored at the current 20,000 DWT class pier. The emergency departure criteria were 27kts at 3.2s of wave period and 22kts at 5.0s of wave period at the existing pier. Results showed that mooring limit condition increased by about 50% to 41kts at 3.2s of wave period and 36kts at 5.0s of wave period. This study can be used for strengthening mooring facilities and setting operational standards for safe port operation when large ships are berthing.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.47-64
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• 2020

For the past few years, the Korean government has been consistently expanding its national research & development budget to accelerate economic growth through technology innovation and the enhancement of international competitiveness in global markets. The objective of this paper is to define the concept and analyze the current status of national R&D programs by measuring R&D efficiencies. We determine R&D efficiency by reflecting inputs and outcomes of the five main agricultural R&D programs between 2010 to 2015, and by categorizing and regrouping figures that may affect R&D performance. Among 1,128 targeted projects, 832 projects with patents and thesis were selected for analysis in terms of measuring technology efficiency, pure technology efficiency, and efficiency of scale. Also, the Kruskal-Wallis test was also utilized as well. As a result of empirical analysis, figures that affected the efficiency level of national R&D programs included differences in research resources, research management levels and skills, and research field. This study can be utilized as a reference for re-establishing national agricultural R&D policies, such as enhancement of national technology competitiveness in the global market environment, improving and adapting to new agricultural conditions, market expansion, national agricultural R&D efficiency, aging rural population, agricultural management cost increase, and climate change mitigation.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.15-23
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• 2013

Purpose - During a reform period lasting 30 years, the Blue Economic Zone (BEZ) in the Shandong Peninsula has made progress in attracting foreign investment, and has acquired the foreign direct investment (FDI) essential for economic growth. It is therefore important to conduct a proactive and systematic study of FDI in the BEZ. Research design, data, methodology - This dissertation discusses the contribution of FDI on economic growth, from both a theoretical and empirical perspective. Taking seven core cities for study, statistics and econometrics are used, and panel data are used to validate FDI contribution to import and export in the BEZ. Results- FDI was found to exert both positive and negative influences on the imports and exports of the BEZ. In other words, the research findings are consistent with Trade Generated and Inverse Trade Generated theories put forward by Kojima and Mundell, among other researchers mentioned earlier in this paper. Further, FDI has greatly increased imports and exports for the BEZ. Conclusions - According to the results of this empirical study on local investment environment optimization, FDI plays an important role in foreign trade. This dissertation puts forward recommendations on using FDI to better promote economic growth in the BEZ.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.21-38
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• 2021

China adopts the "Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035" in the context of tremendous changes in the international environment. A new development paradigm is proposed to prioritize domestic circulation, reinforcing both domestic and international circulations. The industrial policies of China's "14th Five-Year Plan" will have an impact on Korea. Thus it is necessary for Korea to cooperate with China to actively respond to changes in the industrial chains and value chains in Asia and the world. Over the past 29 years since the establishment of diplomatic relation between China and South Korea, the two countries have enjoyed close economic and trade relations. China-ROK cooperation is critical to regional economic development in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and the era of remarkable changes in the world's political and economic structure. China is a robust developing country, while Korea is a developed one in with steady foothold in the world economy. China and South Korea should work together to contribute to the rapid recovery and development of the world economy instead of becoming competitors.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.17-28
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• 2017

Purpose - Considering the environmental issues in corporate management is now a necessity, not an option. In addition, consumers' interest in health and environment has increased rapidly. This study aims to investigate how the management style that pursues environmental protection affects the various outcomes at each management process such as planning, producing and supervising process. Research design, data, and methodology - We surveyed 319 manufacturing companies from April 1 to April 30, 2016. Green purchasing, environmental technology management and management support are selected as independent variables and firm performances as dependent variables. Three analyses including factor, regression and moderating were conducted. Results - Regression analysis was performed to set up hypotheses. Consequently, the total six hypotheses were adopted and then innovative management style showed moderating effect. Conclusions - Companies should consider environmental factors to improve the financial performance in the long term. Especially the cooperative style enhances financial performance by implementing eco-friendly design in cooperation with customers. Also, eco-friendly activities with suppliers could have direct environmental protection effects. Therefore, a manufacturer needs to cooperate with both suppliers and customers to maximize the protection effect. The production of eco-friendly products and implementing eco-friendly design with customers positively affect product quality.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.233-257
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• 2009

The 21st century is witnessing the explosive increase in the usage of internet and international electronic transactions. Due to the unique characteristics of the electronic information, substantial part of such transaction can and do take the form of cross-border transactions. However, there have not been settled appropriate set of rules applicable to the international electronic transactions. Currently, in respect to e-L/C transactions in international trade, there are laws such as Electronic Transaction Basic Act in our country, E-Trade Promotion Act, E-Signature Law, Act on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization and Information Protection and Marine Charter 5 in the Commercial Law. Nevertheless, a complete legislation, that is a uniform rule for e L/C which could support e L/C transactions fully hasn't been established yet. Accordingly, those laws concerned need to improve to regulate e-L/C transactions. The purpose of this paper is to look into the national status for law readjustment to prepare for a new electronic environment and to use appropriately the e-L/C issued by electronic means, and to conduct a comparative analysis on the related regulations to introduce a pertinent laws and propose related regulations to contribute to the making of effective laws to regulate e-L/C.