• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.13-20
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• 2015

Due to the population growth and exhaustion of resource, the development on the harsh environment such as cold weather is emerging as an alternative for new resource development. The permafrost area covers about 14 percent of the world's land area and the global construction market for such area is rapidly expanded. Whereas the developed countries have already recognition of the need for research of coldest place and invested heavily in technology development, the domestic technology for the coldest place development is less developed and related research has rarely been performed. There is not a detailed national specification standard for the strength and deformation properties of the earthworks at sub-zero temperature but simple field directions. Therefore, the D compaction tests were conducted on the sand with fine contents of 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% at room temperature ($18^{\circ}C$), $-3^{\circ}C$ and $-8^{\circ}C$ to investigate the effect of the compaction energy on the compacted soils at sub-zero temperatures. Based on the test results, the larger compaction energy, the larger maximum dry unit weight under sub-zero temperature and D type compaction at $-3^{\circ}C$ show similar max. dry unit weights as those obtained from the compaction at the room temperature. However, compaction at $-8^{\circ}C$ showed significant performance degradation regardless of the compaction energy.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.267-276
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• 2015

Several analyses on tritium that is the largest release of gas or liquid radioactive waste from domestic PWR and PHWR NPPs were carried out, such as release comparison, directional frequency of wind and tritium behavior changes in environmental samples. First of all, analysis result showed that tritium released from PHWR was more than ten times as gas and double to three times as liquid in comparison to PWR in 2013. Independent release management in NPP units is needed to precisely control and analyze tritium, since there were 2 units of some NPPs having the same amount of release during analysis. In analysis on frequency of wind direction, average range showed 1.7 to 11.5% by 16-point compass. In case of analysis on sampling points by wind direction, Result showed most of the sampling points are right in places. However, There are some areas needed to examine. In analysis on tritium concentration changes in environmental samples, tritium concentration near NPPs was higher than one far away from NPPs. In case of environmental samples far from PWR, a trace of tritium occur. While, tritium concentration near NPPs was more than or equal to one further from PHWR. In conclusion, tritium occurs considerably in PHWR and is lower than standard in samples. but, it is still detected. Therefore, it is needed to strengthen control in system in NPPs and to consistently monitor tritium in environment.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.45-62
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to secure the basic data for the physical environment of an eco-friendly restaurant by surveying and analyzing customer perceptions of the servicescape of an eco-friendly restaurant and to verify the organic causation of the servicescape of an eco-friendly restaurant and customer perceived value, attitude and behavior intention. The samples for empirical analysis were selected from the customers over 20 years who lives in Seoul and Kyung-gi suburbs have experienced visiting eco-friendly restaurant or green restaurant more than once a month. Total 300 copies of questionnaire were distributed for the survey from the second day to the fifteenth day of April for 14 days, and total 264 (88.0%) copies of survey questionnaire except for some questionnaires that had much strong lean tendency or the missing value was discovered. The research results are as follows; when a customer recognizes an eco-friendly restaurant favorably, he or she considers that servicescape plays an important role in deciding perceived value through tangible and intangible perceived values. Since, customer perceived value has a positive effect on attitude and behavior intention, the customer considers as affected on his/her behavior intention when satisfied with the eco-friendly restaurant, which is considered that positive customer attitude will have an effect on behavior intention. Thus, it is considered based on this in-depth analysis result that maintaining and providing servicescape of high standard in the manager's perspective will have a direct effect on ensuring tangible outcomes.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.77-89
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• 2004

While limit states design (LSD) is currently the standard structural design practice, it is relatively new in the geotechnical design. Adoption of LSD far geotechnical design is an international trend. In the present study, various LSD codes from the United States, Canada, and Europe were reviewed. A simple first-order-second-moment (FOSM) reliability analysis was performed to determine theoretically the ranges of load and resistance factor values for representative loads and foundation bearing capacity, respectively. In order for foundation design to be consistent with current structural design practice, it would be desirable to use the same loads, load factors and load combinations. The values of load factor, obtained from the FOSM analysis, were found to be generally consistent with those given in the codes, whereas the values of resistance factor indicated overall lower ranges due to high values of coefficient of variation used in the analysis. Since the degree of uncertainties included in bearing capacity of foundations varies with the methods used to estimate the bearing capacity, different values of resistance factor should be used fur different methods. For the purpose, continuous efforts are needed to be made first to accurately identify and quantify the uncertainties in the methods.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.183-205
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• 2000

This research was designed to compare the health condition and the quality of life of the elderly inpatients with those of the normal elderly people. The subjects of study were 482 elderly inpatients and 304 normal elderly people. The research was conducted in July and August using the instrument WHOQOL. The results of the research are as follows: For the level of health, it was recognized that male was healthier than female, having higher the education, living in the city rather than in the rural, keeping the normal life than being in the hospital. There were little difference in the past medical histories of the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people. As to the diseases currently under the treatment, there were some difference between the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people but the tendency was similar in the kinds and the frequencies. As to the recognition for the quality of life between the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people based on the records reflected on each of the domains of WHOQOL, the normal elderly people more positively recognized in the overall quality of life and the following domains: physical, psychological, level of independence, and spirituality/religion/personal beliefs. The normal elderly people more positively recognized especially in the level of independence domain (mobility, activities of daily living, dependence on medication or treatments, working capacity). In the social relationships domain only the sexual activity was significant and the normal elderly people more positively recognized. The elderly inpatients showed the correlation of over 0.5 in the overall quality of life and the following domains: environment, social relationships, physical, psychological, level of independence. It was over 0.6 in the physical domain and the domains of psychological and level of independence. and the psychological domains of level of independence and social relationships. For the points of overall quality of life, it had no correlation with hospitalization but the health condition, residential district, occupation, and taste exerted a significant effect. As a result of separate analyses of the elderly inpatients and the normal elderly people, the health condition and the age only were the common variable which would exercise a significant effect. Besides, the primary factors which would exercise the quality of life were the occupation and taste for the elderly inpatients, and the residential district and source of income for the normal elderly people. In conclusion, it is first and foremost important to improve the standard of health for the overall quality of life for the elderly people, regardless of hospitalization. Therefore, a plan must be urgently drawn up for revitalization of the health promoting projects for the elderly people and the public health projects for the elderly people, and the investment must be increased for settlement of health problems of the elderly people.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-81
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• 2006

While the existing Web focuses on the interface with human users based on HTML, the next generation Web will focus on the interaction among software agents by using XML and XML-based standards and technologies. The inference engine, which will serve as brains of software agents in the next generation Web, should thoroughly understand the Semantic Web, the standard language of the next generation Web. As abasis for the service, the W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) has recommended SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) which had been made by compounding OWL (Web Ontology Language) and RuleML (Rule Markup Language). In this research, we develop a backward chaining inference engine SMART-B (SeMantic web Agent Reasoning Tools -Backward chaining inference engine), which uses SWRL and OWL to represent rules and facts respectively. We analyze the requirements for the SWRL-based backward chaining inference and design analgorithm for the backward chaining inference which reflects the traditional backward chaining inference algorithm and the requirements of the next generation Semantic Web. We also implement the backward chaining inference engine and the administrative tools for fact and rule bases into Java components to insure the independence and portability among different platforms under the environment of Ubiquitous Computing.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.373-376
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• 2018

Traditional paprika smart farm systems are often harmful to paprika growth because they are set to follow the values of several sensors to the reference value, so the system is often unable to make optimal judgement. Using decision tree techniques, the expert system for the paprika smart farm is designed to create a control system with a decision-making structure similar to that of farmers using data generated by factors that depend on their surroundings. With the current smart farm control system, it is essential for farmers to intervene in the surrounding environment because it is designed to follow sensor values to the reference values set by the farmer. To solve this problem even slightly, it is going to obtain environmental data and design controllers that apply decision tree method. The expert system is established for complex control by selecting the most influential environmental factors before controlling the paprika smart farm equipment, including criteria for selecting decisions by farmers. The study predicts that each environmental element will be a standard when creating smart farms for professionals because of the interrelationships of data, and more surrounding environmental factors affecting growth.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.3
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• pp.671-682
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• 2004

As new and diverse information technologies are being introduced and software complexity is increased, software development cost and efforts are also sharply increased. Component-Based Development (CBD) technology is appealing as a new way to reduce the cost and effort by increasing reusability and maintainability. Component in CBD has variability infernally which enables customization of the component within the specific domain. A component user can easily set up internally variability parts though Required interface which is provided by the component. Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) is utilized as a commercial standard to implement Java-based components. However, EJB constructs are limited in directly implementing Required interfaces of coarse-grained components［8］. In this paper, we define Required interface and propose interface-storage technique, class-storage technique, interface-generation technique, and Plug -in technique for implementing required interface of component. Interface-storage technique stores variable value in Required interface and class-storage technique take the Bean containg variability as Required interface without modification of component model. Interface-generation technique generates new Bean which takes the role of Required interface for component variability and Plug-in technique sets up component variability that component user plugged-in variable part externally The proposed four techniques conform to the semantics of CBD component interface and enable the implementation of high quality components.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.13B no.7 s.110
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• pp.689-698
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• 2006

Pattern recognition is the study of how machines can observe the environment, learn to distinguish patterns of interest from their background, and make sound and reasonable decisions about the categories of the patterns. Color image consists of various color patterns. And most pattern recognition methods use the information of color which has been trained and extract the feature of the color. This thesis extracts adaptively specific color feature from images with several limited colors. Because the number of the color patterns is limited, the distribution of the color in the image is similar. But, when there are some noises and distortions in the image, its distribution can be various. Therefore we cannot extract specific color regions in the standard image that is well expressed in special color patterns to extract, and special color regions of the image to test. We suggest new method to reduce the error of recognition by extracting the specific color feature adaptively for images with the low distortion, and six test images with some degree of noises and distortion. We consequently found that proposed method shouws more accurate results than those of statistical pattern recognition.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.159-166
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• 2006

It was found that Korean Standard of Estimate which has been used as the only basis of cost estimate of public construction projects had some side effects such as jerry-build construction and over-estimation because it failed to reflect the current price and the state-of-the-art construction methods in a changing construction environment. Therefore, the government decided to gradually introduce historical construction cost into cost estimate of public construction projects from 2004. This paper presents analytic criteria and a process model for deducing more current and reasonable historical construction cost for contract items from not only previous contract prices but also all of the other bid prices that were not contracted. The procedure of estimating actual unit cost proposed in this paper focuses on the removal of abnormal values including strategically too low or high prices and the time correction. In addition, basic research is conducted for the correction of actual unit cost through the analysis of fluctuation of bid price depending on bidding types and rates of successful bid. It is anticipated that the effective use of the proposed process model for estimating actual unit cost would make the cost estimation more current and reasonable.