• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.33-40
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• 2007

Standard safety management costs can not be applied to each site with same rate, it is very difficult, because it depends on the experience, work method, work kind, work progress schedule, and hazard level of each construction company. Therefore, this study is to find out hazard level of each work kinds through questionnaire and interview and investigate analyze the status which standard safety management costs have been used. Also, this study is to show reasonable rates of standard safety management costs in construction industry and to set up countermeasures against those problem after reviewing its status in korea with in Japan and Europe. This study is to investigate eleven project kinds of domestic system, first, and to investigate eleven items of apartment bldg, office. Also this study is to investigate and analyze performed costs of presently processing worker finished work so that it shows a new reasonable rate against standard safety management costs in construction industry, in order to make basical data and material to be systemized.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.3 no.9
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• pp.1215-1222
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• 2002

This study is design and implementation of XML-based Item Bank System. This system can apply the student with effective assessment by creating, searching and providing of educational problems using XML. In order to supply standard problems to student, first, we analyzed the standard types of various problems and designed these types with XML DTD. Second, we extracted math problem in the elementary school by applying these standard types. Third, we constructed the Item Bank System using relational Data Base and XML parser. The result of system applying, proposed system could offer the student the standard problems at on-line environment. Therefore we shown to be applied educational assessment and integrated non-standard problems effectively.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2010

Project implementation plan is a blueprint that confirms project performance activities and specifies required man-hour, period and resource imput ratio. Various figures, the results of implementation plan, are predicted through estimation, and because of superiority of objectivity and repeatability, numerical formula-based estimation model is often used overseas. COCOMO model is the representative estimation model whose theories and formulas are publicized and it predicts the total man-hour required for software system development. This model is publicized in "Software Engineering Economics" written by Professor Barry Boehm of the U.S., and is the most widely applied numerical formula-based estimation model. This study is conducted to provide a series of methods that are optimal for KTDS environment by choosing COCOMO II model among various types of COCOMO models. In establishing implementation plan, COCOMO II model alone is not sufficient, it is necessary to link with and apply standard WBS system and standard man-hour. In establishing specific implementation plan, phased standard WBS system in order of the first phase of all the activities implemented in the project, Activity, Task, and Role, and the man-hour put into this should be distributed according to standard ratio from COCOMO II model's total man-hour. This study provides explainations by establishing standard WBS system and linking with COCOMO II model.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.59-68
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• 1997

This study is intended to review the Nucleus System of standard hospitals in U.K. The research is focused on the theoretical background, contents of Nucleus System, and the operational problems through the survey of sample hospitals. The contents of research include the development history of standardization, outlines, aimes, advantages, the data of Nucleus system, and the study-visits of sample hospitals. The conclusion could be summarized as follows ; 1) The form of standard hospitals is compact and low-rise the major movements are horizontal. The standard plans of the functional dpartments are unified as cruciform with $15m{\times}15m$ module. 2) The Nulceus System has been developed. The hospitals have 3 stories maximum and courtyards for natural light & ventilation. 3) The advantages of Nucleus System includes reduction of design & construction period, the buildability due to the repetitive construction, and the running cost. And the disadvantages are mentioned as the lack of storage, staff accomodation, pantry, and sanitary facilities. 4) Sample hospitals provide human scale, possibilities of growth & change, and curing environment from art decoration & artificial lake. 5) In case of Korean situation, even the minimum standardization such as hospital design guidelines should be developed in near future.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2022

The smart weapon system is a new weapon system of the future battlefield environment as a miniature guided weapon that performs precision strike missions through terminal phase guidance. However, it has small coverage to guide due to its low maneuverability because the smart weapon is controlled by using actuator of piezoelectric drive type due to the structural limitations. In this paper, we propose a firing data calculation algorithm under non-standard conditions to increase the effectiveness of the smart weapon. The proposed algorithm calculates firing data under non-standard conditions by calibrating firing data under standard conditions using information acquired in battlefield environments. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified by numerical simulations under various conditions.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.16-25
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• 2013

The Korean groundwater law regulates 20 groundwater contamination parameters, including 14 specific harmful substances. Expanding the number of groundwater quality standards are needed to cope with recent groundwater quality deterioration due to the use of various chemicals. Chemical ranking and scoring system (CRS) is a scientific tool to sort priority chemicals by considering exposure and toxicity potentials. In this study, we developed a CRS for scoring and ranking of possible groundwater pollutants and screened priority substances to be later considered in the Korean standard expansion. Chemical Ranking Of groundWater pollutaNts (CROWN) incorporates important parameters consisting of exposure potential, human and water ecotoxicity, interests, and certainty. Furthermore, CROWN additionally evaluated existence of other media standards to consider impacts by contamination of other media. The 197 substances that were common to 9 countries were selected first. CROWN evaluated and ranked each chemical, and finally suggested priority substances. Suggested priority substances were classified into two groups according to the groundwater use purposes: drinking and non-drinking. The priority substances were further classified into $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ group priorities. The $1^{st}$ group consists of 75 substances, including the all the Korean groundwater standard parameters. CROWN will be used in selecting groundwater pollutants for possible inclusion in the Korean standard expansion.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.53-61
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• 2012

As aging society progresses, it is necessary to establish a housing standard that provides a healthy, safe, and convenient environment for the elderly. The objective of the study is to propose a housing space standard that is geared towards elderly living in the urban area. Three steps were taken to attain the objective. First, characteristics of housing preference, spatial usage and furniture preference of the elderly were attained through a survey. The survey was conducted targeting the respondents of the ages 60 to 79 living in three different administrative districts in Seoul. Second, the required floor space to perform individual specific behavior using anthropometric dimension of the elderly was investigated by literature review. Lastly, floor space of each space is suggested combining each area for individual specific behavior which reflects characteristics of housing preference and spatial usage. The results of the research as follows. A bedroom was planned, which includes the function of receiving guests by giving the area for the placement of a sofa. The space for the use of dinning table for two person was planned in the kitchen and The space for the behavior of showering on a chair was planned in a bathroom. Lastly, the space for the behavior of taking off shoes on a chair was considered in the entrance area. Consequently, $35.4m^2$ is suggested as the necessary floor space for the elderly housing considering the characteristics of the elderly in urban area. However, because of space composition and space for accessibility, the additional space should be considered to plan the elderly housing.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.18-28
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• 2009

Many countries have recently established legal regulations and soil quality standards for soil protection, This study investigated the role of soil quality standards in soil protection policy and methods of selecting standard substances from various types of chemicals. In most countries, soil quality standards act as guidance for further detail surveyor risk assessment from comparing soil concentration with the soil quality standards. Soil quality standards of Switzerland, Demark and Japan were used as enforcement tools. Priority substances for the standards were first selected from frequently detected chemicals in contaminated sites. Those substances were extensively evaluated for toxic effects, exposure potential and availability in chemical analysis.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.331-341
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• 2018

Hazardous air pollutants(HAPs) in the atmosphere are regulated as major air pollutants in Korea by the Air Pollution Control Act. In order to manage and control HAPs, accurate standards, which are traceable to the International System of Units(SI), are required. In this study, primary standard gas mixtures(PSMs) of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) which are specified as HAPs were developed at $1{\mu}mol/mol$ levels. The selected fourteen VOCs include Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, m-Xylene, Styrene, o-Xylene, Chloroform, 1,1,2-Trichloroethane, Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, 1,1-Dichloroethane, Carbon tetrachloride, 1,3-Butadiene, and Dichloromethane. The HAPs PSMs were gravimetrically prepared in aluminum cylinders and their consistency was verified within the relative expanded uncertainty of 0.71% (k=2). Potential adsorption loss onto the internal surface of cylinders was estimated by cylinder-to-cylinder division method. No adsorption loss was observed within the uncerainty of 0.53%. The long-term stability of the HAPs PSMs was evaluated comparing with freshly prepared HAPs PSMs. The HAPs PSMs were stable for one year within the uncertainty of 0.38%. The final uncertainty of the PSMs was determined by combining the preparation uncertainty, verification uncertainty, and stability uncertainty. Finally, traceable and stable HAPs PSMs at $1{\mu}mol/mol$ levels were developed with the uncertainty of less than 0.76% in high-pressure aluminum cylinders.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.781-810
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• 2017

Purpose: This paper studied about the integration for management system of representative international standard related to sustainable development. The well-known International standards such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 (ISO 45001) can be operated in accordance with the organizational situation individually, or in a variety of ways of integration. It can be applied to help organizations utilizing the newly established "ISO IEC Directive Part1 Annex SL", when integrating quality, environmental and safety & health management systems based on international standards. Methods: We conducted an empirical survey of management executives and experts to study how three factors (management systems, organizational capabilities and integration methods) could affect business performance. Results: The questionnaire was analyzed using AMOS structural equation model. Quality, environmental and safety and health management systems affected management performance, and integration methods of management system affected business efficiency, risk performance and financial performance. Integration method is also important because organizational competence affects various aspects of integrated management. However, factors that affect integration should also be considered in terms of organizational capabilities. This is because organizational capacity influences the integration plan. Conclusion: To integrate the document system at the strategic level, management should actively participate in integrated operations to integrate organizations, eliminate duplicate tasks, and foster document integration experts to reflect the characteristics of individual standard. In the case of document integration, quality management is focusing, but once ISO 45001 is issued, the use of Annex SL is increasing, and Quality, environment and safety & health integration will also be expanded. It is possible to increase the effect of integration by strategically approaching and establishing organization document system rather than simple integration according to management system standard arrangement.