• The monthly packaging world
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• s.203
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• pp.46-64
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• 2010

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.550-551
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.245-248
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• 2006

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.8-15
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• 2010

The purpose of this research is to check the validation of an auto-analysis method combined with aqua regia digestion apparatus for improvement of water distillation method used as a fluorine test of soil. Fluorine contents of CaO used in the pretreatment course of water distillation method were 120 mg/kg ~ 5,064 mg/kg at the blank test, which was exceeded up to maximum 12.5 times of the soil standard, so it was estimated due to a effect of fluorine existing as impurities of CaO. The recovery test of the same samples indicated that water distillation method and auto-analysis method were 134.5mg/kg and 161.7mg/kg respectively, the recovery ratio of the latter was 16.8% higher than the formal. The validation test of two methods satisfied the standard, but auto analysis method was excellent more than distillation method. Also, auto analysis method could save a analysis time up to maximum 4.7 times by comparison with water distillation method.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.483-490
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• 2012

The evaluation procedure of friendly-environment Preliminary certification is traditionally done by hand. It takes much time and a lot of manpower. Sometimes it is subject to the evaluator's experience. The solution to these problems is to systematize the evaluation procedure. The system can provide an objective standard for evaluation. It can develop more reliable standard, prevent errors, and save time. Therefore, this research suggests the evaluation system using the architectural information based BIM. To do this, the current study examines the possibility of evaluation system of friendly-environment Preliminary certification.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1431-1438
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• 2007

This paper presents a refined design model for current railroad design code on concrete structures exposed to marine environment. A time-varying diffusion coefficient(D) as well as surface chloride$(C_S)$ and chloride threshold level$(C_{lim})$ are studied. Averaging value of the D with time over exposed duration were used to refined durability design model to consider time dependent characteristic of D. The values for $C_S$ and $C_{lim}$ for the seashore in Korea revised for realistic durability design. The proposed model was verified by the so-called performance-based durability design, which is widely used in recent durability design code. Results show that the current standard specification underestimates durability performances of concrete structures exposed to marine environment, so that the cover depth design using current durability evaluation in the standard specifications is very much conservative. Thus, it is found that proposed durability design models for the railroad design code for railway concrete structures can be used effectively for service life design of concrete structures in marine environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.102-109
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• 2015

In this study, on the basis of the results of the field survey and the theoretical consideration for Korean Standard Specification for concrete durability and maintenance, the following conclusions are derived. From the survey, the prediction equation of carbonation depth for the southwest region in Korea is experimentally proposed, $y_p=5.865{\sqrt{t}}$, which predicts about 60mm of the carbonation depth for the concrete structures of 100 years, a 1st class of target endurance period, under a combined deterioration environment like a marine environment. Considering that the marginal value for a carbonation depth limitation under very severely marine environment is 25mm, in accordance with the Specification, it is found that the predicting carbonation depth for the concrete cover depths, 100mm and 60mm are 63mm and 29.4mm, respectively. In conclusion, according to the equation and the Specification, it is strongly required that the reinforced concrete structures with the cover depth under 100mm have to make a protection from combined deterioration factors by any methods like a surface coating, an increment of cover depth or an application of a special concrete.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.201-208
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• 2006

Several carbonyl compounds are important because of their irritant and toxic properties, mutagenicity and carcinogenicity. Therefore, they are regulated in korean odor emission standard. In this study, atmospheric pressure ionization-mass spectrometry(API-MS) is used for the analysis of carbonyl compounds after derivatization with 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) and liquid chromatographic separation. In the negative ion mode, the $[M-H]^-$ pseudomolecular ions are most abundant for the carbonyls. Analytical parameters such as linearity, repeatability and minimum detection limit were evaluated. The linearities ($r^2$) for carbonyls were $0.9977{\sim}0.9999$ when analyte concentration ranges from $25\;to\;250{\mu}g/L$(n=6). The relative standard deviations (%RSD) for carbonyls were $0.55{\sim}3.51%$ for concentration of $100{\mu}g/L$(n=5). The minimum detection limit (MDL) was $1.88{\mu}g/L$(0.27 ppb) for i-valeraldehyde. It was shown that LC-MS method has a great potential for carbonyl compounds analysis.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.55-65
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• 2017

Average concentration of PM in Seoul metropolitan area satisfied the Korean air quality standard in 2010. Furthermore, concentration of PM in all boroughs across Seoul met the air environment standard in 2012. $PM_{10}$ concentration was relatively higher in center of Seoul in comparison to the rest, while $PM_{2.5}$ concentration showed exactly the contrary result. We analyzed the effect that PM emissions from vehicles would have on PM concentrations across Seoul. The results showed that average annual PM concentration recently decreased in Seoul although the number of vehicles registered annually continued its upward trend. By contrast, average fine dust concentrations in Seoul showed a decline which suggested that correlation between annual average PM concentrations and number of registered vehicles remained low. However, year-on-year vehicle registration rate recently showed a declining tendency in the same way as the trend of changes in average PM concentrations. Particularly, the upward trend in annual average PM concentrations in 2002 and 2007 was consistent with the increase in vehicle registration rate, suggesting that vehicle registration rate was closely associated with changes in PM concentrations.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2007

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to test the effect of balance training for proprioceptive and vestibular sensory stimulation and therapeutic environment on expression of BDNF after traumatic brain injury in the rat. Subject : Twelve Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned into group I and group II. After traumatic brain injury, group I was housed in standard cage for 7 days. Group II was housed in therapeutic cage after balance training for 7 days. Method : Traumatic brain injury was induced by weight drop model and after operation they were housed in individual standard cages for 24 hours. After 7th day, the rats were sacrificed and cryostat coronal sections were processed individually in goat polyclonal anti-BDNF antibody. The morphologic characteristics and the BDNF expression were investigated in injured hemisphere section from immunohistochemistry using light microscope. Result : Immunohistochemical response of BDNF in lateral nucleus, purkinje cell layer, superior vestibular nucleus and pontine nucleus appeared very higher in group II than in group I Conclusion : The present result revealed that simultaneously application of balance training for proprioceptive and vestibular sensory stimulation input and therapeutic environment in traumatic brain injured rats is enhance expression of BDNF and it is facilitates neural plasticity.