• 환경영향평가
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.295-305
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• 2004

After the Rio declaration on environment and development in 1992, developed countries are undertaking "environmentally sustainable transportation (EST)" projects. To meet the needs for EST, current transportation policies in Korea are rapidly reforming and one of its concerns is modernizing and upgrading railway freight system. Planning new railroad construction projects is increasing and subsequent environmental impact assessment (EIA) demands improvements, especially in both the EIA and decision making systems. In this paper, we discuss the present status of EIA for railroad construction projects, especially, by analyzing the EIA documents for the last six years. The EIA for railroad construction projects accounts for only 4.9% of total 918 project EIAs during 1998-2003, and the portion is gradually increasing. Major environmental concerns for EIA in railroad construction projects were geomorphological and ecological changes, protection of rare organisms, air pollution, water pollution, waste management, and noise, etc. We compared characteristics of environmental impacts of railroad construction with those of vehicle road construction, based on environmental and construction-planning indicators appeared in Environmental Impact Statements. Railroad construction usually requires longer tunnels and bridges for a given length than those for vehicle road construction. In addition, the amounts of geomorphological and ecological changes (road-cutting, embankment, devegetation, etc.) in railroad construction were generally less than 50% of those in vehicle road construction. To develop environmentally friendly railway systems, monitoring studies for environmental impacts of railroads such as habitat fragmentation and road kills, dispersal of alien plants, tunnelling effects on groundwater and vegetation, and noise impacts are highly recommended.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.847-853
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• 2007

In Korean coastal areas, land reclamations are main development projects that should be based on environmental impact assessment(EIA), because those human interventions can change coastlines, damage tidal flats, and pollute adjacent areas to threat seafood safety and devaluate overall ecosystem service value. Existing procedures of the EIA for land reclamation projects were diagnosed and evaluated to enhance them. Problems were identified in the designation of survey areas, the consistency in survey sites and periods, the standardization of survey methods and reports, the confidence of survey results and the verification of predictions. Lack of integration was noticeable and could be improved by synthesizing different assessments from topography geography, marine physics, marine chemistry and marine biology. We suggest that successful precautionary marine environment management requires readjusting the cost of EIA, recruiting experts in marine environment, constructing database and establishing specialized assessment system.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.63-71
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• 1995

This study analyzes the problems of environmental laws, development planning laws, Metropolitan Area Development Planning (MADP), and the level of environmental pollution at Asan-bay metropolitan area, where MADP will be realized in the near future. In order to prevent environmental pollution by the implementation of MADP, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Act and EIA systems in Korea should be revised so as to reflect the followings. First, the impact of national landuse planning changes on the environment should be considered at the beginning of the EIA procedures. Second, the overlapping and greater impact of many projects upon surrounding metropolitan areas should be simultaneously evaluated, though each project is the subject of EIA, and the environmental pollution protection and abatement alternatives must be made in accordance with the above impact of the projects. Thirdly, total effluent regulation of water pollution, air pollution and solid wastes should be enforced based on the self-purification of the metropolitan area environment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2014

This study, focusing on the area expansion of limestone mines, identifies the problems of Environmental Impact Assessment(EIA) and what impact the current problems exert on another mines developing process. The legal relations analysis reveals that the Management of Mountainous Districts Act and other related laws effect on EIA process, especially the case of area expansion of limestone mines excluded from EIA. However, these problems can create mismatch with the policy goal of EIA system and have a negative impact on the environment in the future. A series of indepth interviews with managers in related agencies found that those agencies have been unaware of the seriousness of the problem. Without any strategy, negative result made by development activities would get more serious and sustainable development may not be possible at all. In order to solve these problems, government should modify the current interdependent legal provision and create the incentive structure to participate actively related agency in the EIA system.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2000

Environmental impact assessment(EIA), the only preventive system to manage development projects destroying the nature and ecosystem systematically, has been accomplished since the late 1970. EIA connotes intrinsic limits predicting uncertain future with the aid of present data. Furthermore, EIA has been used as not decision-making tools but regulatory means. Therefore, EIA has been criticized severely. In order to present direction of development of EIA, we analyzed problems of management of EIA, and concluded measures as follows are needed. 1. Control of investigation of environmental impact statements 2. Development of evaluating methods and publication 3. Fostering of institute for research and investigation of EIA 4. Construction of harmony of environment and development 5. Upgrade of state of proxy executing EIA.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.117-123
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• 1998

The present study was performed to improve the Environmental Impact Assessment system by comparing and analysing EIA systems for Residential Developments in the light of the business practice. For the improvement of EIA system, future strategies from each of three part ; the organ of approval(Construction&Transportation Dept.) for residential developments, the organ of consultation(Environment Dept.) for EIA and a developer(Korea Nation Housing Corp.), were analysed, and EIA systems and the processes of Residential developments were analysed. Results from the analysis of problems have provided a proposal for improvement of the Environmental Impact Assessment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.165-178
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• 2006

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Management Systems (EMS) are perceived by many to be separate environmental tools. EIA serves as a systematic and predictive tool for assessing the potentially significant impacts of developments on the environment. An EMS, on the other hand, is used to consider the key impacts of operational businesses on the environment. The main difference to note is that during the EIA process impacts on developments are predicted. A proposed development has yet to be built and therefore an element of uncertainty is associated with these assessments. With an EMS, the business or organization's processes are already in operation. Even though there is also an element of prediction involved, it is a comparatively easier task to investigate what the environmental impacts of these processes are. However, in contrast with the orientation of EIA to further development actions, EMS involves the review, assessment and incremental improvement of an existing organization's environmental effects. EMS can thus be regarded as a continuation of EIA principles into the operational stage of a policy, plan, program and project. EIA may be carried out without fully supporting necessary informations to EMS.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 1994

Environmental Impact Assessment is composed of screening, scoping, inventory survey, prediction, assessment, alternative assessment, mitigation measure, and post management. Environmental monitoring data is applied to EIA process such as prediction and post management. It must he collected and managed systematically for effective applying in EIA process. This article explains factors such as air quality, water quality, soil, ocean, odor, noise & vibration, ecosystem, etc. and organizations of environmental monitoring managed by Ministry of Environment.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.129-141
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• 2007

With its more than 35 years of experience with EIA of NEPA in United States, the extensive knowledge base of EIA could be the most suitable place for initial field of HIA to explore lessons available for. However, caution is needed as the technical differences in analysis, different policy context, and distinct professional culture between EIA and HIA might be. The successe of EIA of NEPA is the integration of environmental goals into decision making process, improved planning, and increased transparency and public involvement, whereas shortcomings of it were defined as the excessive volume and complexity of EIA documents, the limited and adversarial public involvement, the procedural process (not substantive), focus on projects (not on policies and programs), and the limited consideration of health impacts. Integrating HIA into existing EIA process is positive in two reasons that the human health is closely related with natural environment and EIA process is a fully established process that effectively cuts across bureaucratic and sectoral boundaries. Also, integrating of HIA into EIA might be a way with least resistance for the widespread use. A freestanding HIA separated from EIA is desirable in terms of excessive volume of EIA documents and the procedural and legal focus of EIA. It is needed to develop the formulated methodologies for advancing HIA whether it is a part of or separated from EIA, and to estimate the potential values of HIA in the substantial society context. When possible, HIA should be established on the ways that EIAs have been used successfully.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1993

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) serves to identify a project's possible effects on the environment early enough sufficiently allowing for them to be taken into account in the decision-making process. The EIA in Germany is an instrument of environmental Policy which considers nature as an integrated system (ecosystem). In the german process of developing environmental policy, the EIA has been one of the instruments which introduced by law rather late. This means that the German Law of EIA has been made in 1900, 20 years after the beginning of the environmental policy in Germany. In the following paper I intend to ${\cdot}$ explain the basic concept of the EIA in Germany ${\cdot}$ describe the process of law building for EIA ${\cdot}$ give a short overview of applications and experiences with EIA ${\cdot}$ show the links between EIA and general environmental policy in Germany.