• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to reveal the circumstances under which the cases of harm to health caused by humidifier disinfectant were neglected and show the points where the number of victims and the degree of damage could have been reduced. In addition, it attempts to describe how damage management proceeded immediately after the incident and actually exacerbated the damage. Finally, it explores the unfortunate aspects of the recent trial. By doing so, it attempts to take this as an opportunity to consider whether a tragic event such as the humidifier disinfectant incident could occur in the future. Methods: This study collected and analyzed data on chemical material characteristics related to humidifier disinfectants, data on health effect characteristics, data on related laws and regulations from the Ministry of Environment, data related to the damage investigation by the Korea Environmental Industry and Technology Institute, and current contents. Results: The lack of related systems and laws is the area where the greatest responsibility for the cause of the humidifier disinfectant disaster falls, so it is difficult for the government to escape this responsibility. Establishing a dedicated department to identify the prevalence of certain diseases within the functions of the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service to monitor health can greatly contribute to the prevention and management of diseases through early detection and management of group outbreaks caused by harmful factors. Humidifier disinfectant damage relief should have been expanded earlier beyond HDLI (humidifier disinfectant lung injury) to include non-specific diseases such as asthma, pneumonia, and interstitial pneumonia. The scope of relief benefits should have also been expanded earlier to include the payment of disability benefits. Fortunately, with the 2020 revision of the Special Act, the conditions for estimating causal relations were eased and individual screening systems such as health impact assessment were reorganized along with the introduction of a rapid screening system. Conclusions: The management system for chemical substances in a country is clearly of paramount importance, and the ministry in charge must have a response system in case of damage to health effects. Administration that looks at the victims' situation from their point of view is needed, and technical countermeasures are required to quickly recognize the prevalence of certain diseases.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.34-41
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• 2022

Recently, digital technology and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) environment have changed the clinician treatment method in the fabrication of dentures. The denture manufacturing method with CAD/CAM technology simplifies the treatment and laboratory process to reduce the occurrence of errors and provides clinical efficiency and convenience. In this case, complete dentures were fabricated using stereolithography (SLA)-based 3D printing in patient with mandibular deviation. Recording base were produced in a digital model obtained with an intraoral scanner, and after recording a jaw relation in the occlusal rim, a definitive impression was obtained with polyvinyl siloxane impression material. In addition, facial scan data with occlusal rim was obtained so that it can be used as a reference in determination of the occlusal plane and in arrangement of artificial teeth during laboratory work. Artificial teeth were arranged through a CAD program, and a gingival festooning was performed. The definitive dentures were printed by SLA-based 3D printer using a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved liquid photocurable resin. The denture showed adequate retention, support and stability, and results were satisfied functionally and aesthetically.

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.8 no.11
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• pp.109-119
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• 2018

This study investigates the effect of urban and architectural forms on the microclimate in urban areas. It applies urban and architectural elements such as urban form and tissue and building form and characteristics as the main influences on the microclimate within urban area. Among the 23 Automated Weather Stations (AWS) installed within Seoul city by the Korea Meteorological Administration, 6 sites were selected for the analysis, based on their different urban and architectural characteristics, and actual measurements were conducted in August 2017 using individual AWS equipment. Also, the measurements of microclimate and urban and architectural elements within a 500m radius of the AWS measurement points were collected and analyzed. The result of the analysis shows that the microclimate elements, such as wind speed, solar radiation, and temperature, were affected by the direction of the streets, the width, depth, and height of the buildings, the topographic elevation and direction and the traffic volume. This study is expected to contribute to mitigating urban heat island effect and setting the foundation for sustainable cities through development of urban management methods and techniques including the relationship between built environment elements and microclimate.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.20-38
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• 2012

After being introduced into franchises industry, franchise has made a phenomenal growth in a short time and a substantial contribution to job creation and economic revitalization. Nevertheless, franchise business operators failed a business or low profit because of a lack of information and indiscriminate foundation. Therefore the first object of this study is characteristics of franchise's factors on disclosure agreement in franchise associate website. second is examinations about casual relationship between factor and franchise performance with using Excel and SPSS 18.0 versions. The findings of present study were as follows. First, franchises manage small business mostly(financial data, scale so on) and franchise's type focused the food service industry. Specially, a business district select unprotected contract. Second, in franchise's factors, we could find statistically significant effect on annual average sales and annual average net profit. However growth rate of franchise don't have statistically significant effect. Third, we could find statistically significant difference on analysis both franchises' factors and financial data. In conclusion, we must consider of franchise industry environment and success effect on performance in starting one's business. Furthermore franchises plan ways for their sustained growth and protection of rights and interests. Finally business operator draw up their information and upgrade continuously for franchises industry growth. Discussion and theoretical and managerial implications of the results were described along with future franchise research suggestions.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.39-54
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• 2012

Franchise system in Korea has been developed in different way compared with American way of franchising based on mutual contract and intellectual property context. Korean franchising is mostly based on product distribution franchise concept rather than business format franchise in which franchisor makes revenue sources from providing their products as much as possible thru group purchasing and logistics rather than receiving royalty. Many franchise enterprises from Korea drive to enter into global franchise market based on the successful performance of Korean way of franchising. Korean enterprises are required to prepare completely for research and survey regarding local culture, custom, way of life and legal matters etc. when entering into global franchise market to gain a substantial performance. CaffeBene recently entered into American franchise business with success, and many other Korean franchise enterprises have a deep interest in proceeding with global franchise business modeling CaffeBene case. There is no Korean franchise enterprise in United Kingdom in which service franchise area in particular with personal service is considered to become a promising and potential franchise business and many people show a great interest in Oriental foods and beverages with well-being trend. Korean franchise enterprises have now access to United Kingdom easier because IT industry including internet of the country have been developed by leaps and bounds since London Olympic in 2012. The purpose of this study is to suggest key success factors and basic strategy such as situation analysis, selecting business format, and marketing strategy for successful launching of franchise business in United Kingdom.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.1-12
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore ways to promote the stay type tourism in Ulsan. To achieve this, IPA analysis techniques were applied to survey the importance and performance of experts, tourists, and hotel users, and measures were developed for activation of common points among the groups. Most studies analyze the survey results of a group, but this study compared and analyzed the results among three groups of experts, tourists, and hotel users, resulting in areas requiring activation. According to the results of each group, 'cultural facilities' were selected as the attraction factor, and 'night tours' were chosen as the basic factor to improve. On the other hand, tourist attractions, clean environment and urban parks have been selected as implementation factors, which correspond to the "ecological tourism," one of Ulsan's five-color themes. According to the ranking, the three groups of experts, tourists, and hotel users were able to look at the results of priority items that were selected up to the third place, although there were no exact matching factors. The items selected by both groups were diversification of night viewing, traffic accessibility in tourist sites, and improvement of night scenery, operation of night experience programs, extension of night opening hours, and revitalization of night markets respectively.

• 한국노년학
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.195-213
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyse how consumption value affects the loyalty of green product through satisfaction and trust among elderly consumers. Data were collected from a cross-sectional survey of 314 older adults (age≥60) in the U. S., who bought and possessed a hybrid car, a representative green product. The statistical methodology is employed a structural equation model. The results demonstrated several important findings. First, perceived social value among elderly population had significant effects on green product satisfaction, while hedonic value did not. Second, both perceived functional value and environment friendly value had a significant positive effect on trust in green products. Third, satisfaction with green products also led to trust in green products. Finally, trust in green products showed their significant effects on loyalty in green product. These results provide practical implications to improve the trust and loyalty in green products among the elderly consumers. Furthermore, by deriving major components of consumption values in green products among the elderly, and analyzing the mechanism of satisfaction, trust, and loyalty, the study emphasizes relationship marketing in implementing "green" marketing strategies.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.143-165
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• 2013

Sales force automation (SFA) technologies are increasingly used to support customer relationship management (CRM) strategies. However, the popular press reports mixed results among companies incorporating SFA technologies and the previous studies have less interested in relationship quality between sales person and customer as an outcome of SFA. Actually the improved quality of the salesperson-customer relationship may be the most important outcome of SFA usage. This outcome is especially meaningful in today's marketplace given the increasing focus placed on customer retention and other customer related performance such as customer lifetime value. Therefore, this study seeks to further examine the impact of SFA usage within two different firms using SFA technologies to examine the impact of SFA usage on both customer relationship quality and sales performance. Additionally, the moderating roles of perceived managerial support and salesperson experience on the outcomes of SFA usage are examined. The results shows that direct effect of SFA usage on performance was not significant but highlight the mediating role of customer relationship quality in the SFA usage - sales performance relationship. Also, this research examines a number of moderating effects of both management supports for SFA and salesperson's sales work experience. The results indicate that management support has a significant direct influence on relationship quality and salesperson performance, but not a significant moderating effect on the relationship between SFA usage and the outcomes (relationship quality and performance). Thus moderating effects were not supported but find significant main effects. First of all, finding of this study suggest that a formula for successful SFA implementation must be one that highlights a SFA usage → relationship quality → sales performance sequence. This means when sales person use SFA they must build relationship with customer first then will return some long term performance. Second, the implications of not considering the introduction of big technology initiatives in terms of fit within the company's culture, strategy, structure, and environment may in many cases be quite noteworthy. Therefore, the launching of a new technology in the firm, such as SFA, may have a nonlinear impact upon overall firm performance, depending on the presence of other complimentary resources and capabilities. Finally the authors offer a number of implications for research and practice, and suggest directions for future SFA research that may further improve our understanding of this increasingly relevant topic.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.35-64
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• 2009

In an effort to increase our understanding of green buying behavior, the present study proposes and tests a comprehensive model of how values influence attitudes toward the environment and preferences for green products in a cross-cultural setting. Data were collected from a survey with consumers in two cultures, diametrically different on values salient to environmental consumerism, the U.S. and Korea. As a result of model testing both at the national and multi-group levels, a refined, final model is presented. While the core human values were found to relate to environmental attitudes and green buying behavior, the patterns of the relationships among the variables emerged to differ between the two cultures, highlighting the importance of cross-cultural investigations in this area. Results suggest that biospheric values significantly influence environmental attitudes and green consumption in both countries. However, the effects of egoism were significant among American respondents whereas altruism appeared to have a significant influence on attitude and behavior in the Korean sample. Findings of this study should aid international marketers in their understanding of what drives consumers' green buying behavior in different cultural settings.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.111-111
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• 2022

According to data from the Ministry of Environment, food waste accounted for 27% of the nation5 s household waste in 2020, and 4.67 million tons of food waste is being discharged per year. According to the Food Waste Direct Landfill Prohibition Act, food waste must be incinerated, composted, fodder, and decomposed before landfilling. The cost of incineration and landfilling of food waste is considerable. Therefore, through the process of turning food waste into fertilizer, we are going to investigate the limit of crop application and the change in the growth of crops during continuous use of food waste fertilizer. This study investigated the growth of lettuce such as shoot length, root length, leaf number, fresh weight, and dry weight after treating lettuce with food waste dry powder mixed fertilizer. The experiment was carried out continuously in 2021 (1st year) and 2022 (2nd year), and the treatment groups were set to No Treatment (NT), Chemical Fertilizer (CF), Mixed Fertilizer (MF×1), and Mixed Fertilizer×2 (MF×2), was repeated 3 times. As a result of the 1st year growth survey, there was no significant difference between NT and CF in the case of shoot length, but MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. Root length was not significantly different in all treatment groups. As for the leaf number, there was no significant difference between NT and MF×1, but CF and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT. In fresh weight, MF×1 and MF×2 were significantly decreased compared to NT, and in the case of dry weight, there was no significant difference between NT, MF×1, and MF×2. As a result of the 2nd year growth survey, there was a significant difference in CF and MF×2 in leaf number, but there was no significant difference in all treatment groups with respect to shoot length, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight. Through continuous additional research, it is necessary to confirm the change in soil composition and the growth of crops due to food waste fertilizer treatment.