• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.57 no.6
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• pp.1067-1088
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• 2011

While there is a high degree of convergence in linguistics in the treatment of the progressive as an aspect, the English progressive is unusually wide in its range of uses. This paper highlights the distinction between aspectual and non-aspectual progressives. The primary function of the progressive is to present a situation as ongoing, and this strictly aspectual use of the progressive is referred to as 'aspectual progressive'. On the other hand, the uses of the English progressive that are not, in a strict sense, aspectual is called 'non-aspectual progressive'. There are at least three basic uses of non-aspectual progressives. The first is the so-called progressive futurate (e.g., John is leaving tomorrow). In English, the present progressive can be used to express future time reference. This use of the progressive is regarded as a non-aspectual one, on the grounds that its meaning cannot be accounted for in terms of ongoingness. The second use is the habitual progressive (e.g., She's smoking a lot these days). Given that the habitual is an aspect, it is natural that the habitual progressive is not an aspectual progressive because one cannot view a situation in two different ways. In addition, ongoingness is not a defining property of the habitual progressive but is only a contingent or subsidiary property. The real essence of the habitual progressive is habituality. The third use of non-aspectual progressives is the experiential or interpretative progressive (e.g., You're imagining things), whose main characteristic is the subjectivity of the speaker's interpretation. The experiential or interpretative progressive does not serve a primarily aspectual function because the meaning of ongoingness has nothing to do with the content of the utterance.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-65
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• 2004

In the comprehension of English texts, Korean students generally try to translate English into Korean in accordance with the word order of Korean language. As a result, the comprehension of English texts is made in a regressive way, which results in slower reading. In order to enhance the reading speed, it is necessary for students to practice progressive reading. Also, while reading English texts, most readers' eyes tend to look at one word at a time, which actually cuts down on the reading speed. Reading by the sense group of as many words as possible at a glance, however, can help a reader more efficiently in less time. This research aims at developing the Powerpoint program for progressive reading by the sense group according to the student's level. In this program, as for methodology, the technique of rooking it fade-away is introduced to force a reader's eyes to move fast. Through this technique, it is possible to make a line of the texts disappear on the screen and make another line appear, which enables a reader to sweep the words across each and every line of the reading material smoothly without regression.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.55-67
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• 2001

Commercial machine translation systems have been announcing recently, However, there are problems that the systems have shown mistranslations, yet. Among these mistranslations, this paper is interested in the mistakes of tense processing. The paper compares Korean tenses with 12 English ones: present. past, future, present perfect. past perfect, future perfect. present progressive, past progressive, future progressive, present perfect progressive, past perfect progressive. future perfect progressive. Next, we perform the meaning analysis of Korean tenses. Then we describe the structure of the tenses based on Conceptual Graph(CG). In the experiment. the paper implements the program that translates sentences included in the tenses into CG.

• Language and Information
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.139-161
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• 2003

The progressive in English is taken to be an operator which takes a non-stative predicate and returns a predicate which denotes a process with a temporal frame around some definite time or event. When, it is combined with a predicate which has a culmination in the event, the sentence means that the culmination has not come yet. So the event denoted by the base predicate is not true at the current time. On the other hand, when it is combined with a predicate which has no culmination in the event, the event denoted by the base predicate is taken to be true. In this paper, this is explained by the semantics of the progressive based on the notion of contributiveness. I propose that a progressive sentence is verified by some subevents which are contributive to the current situation and the progress of the event beyond the threshold level of the event denoted by the base predicate. A sub-situation is contributive if the addition of it to the previous situation is more likely to lead to the whole situation than the previous situation.

• Korean Linguistics
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• v.62
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• pp.171-194
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• 2014

In this paper, I seek to differentiate the meaning of the auxiliary verb '-e ka-' from imperfective aspect in Korean. The progressive in imperfective is expressed by the 'be+V-ing' in English and '-ko iss-' in Korean. However the '-e ka-' in Korean can express the gradual progress meaning. This is similar to the progressive of some state verbs. These verbs cannot express the progressive aspect but it is possible if they can express the change of state in sentence. It is more corresponding to the '-e ka-' than '-ko iss-' in Korean.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.502-510
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper investigate the general definition of Tense and the concepts about Aspect. I consider the correlation between the lexical and the grammatical aspect. Tense is an inflection type of a verb that indicates the time, tense is grammatical categories. Tense has the current tense and the past tense in English. If we recognize aspect as a grammatical category, that the subject of in description will be confined to the grammatical expression. In contrast, when considered as a category of meaning, lexical and grammatical representation is the expression target. Therefore, aspect is stated as a grammatical category. Specially, the aspect of English, there is only a progressive tense and perfect tense. In this case, the progressive aspect is progressive tense and the perfect aspect is perfect tense. Chapter 2, I investigate the definition of the tense of many scholars and define the usage of each tense. In Chapter 3, I exhibit the definition of the Aspect. Aspect is grammatical and semantic one. Tense and Aspect is a simple grammar category, but they have a various spectrum. Therefore, As the definition of the Tense and Aspect becomes clear it will be helpful to students who are received English education. In addition, the definition about tense and aspect needs in variety of areas, more research is needed.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.113-132
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• 2004

This study aims to suggest desirable directions through analyzing English test items of college entrance examinations(CEE) in Korea, China, and Japan. To achieve this, English test items of Scholastic Ability Test(SAT) in Korea were compared with those of CEE in China and Japan, and test items of TOEFL and IELTS. It was found that there were not many items for testing productive skills relatively to the tests of other countries including TOEFL and IELTS. Especially, there were integrated items for writing test in China. In case of speaking test, all the other country adopted direct ways like interview and oral test, not indirect test as in the SAT in Korea. It is suggested that there need to be included test items comprising long passages in order to measure extensive reading ability. It can be suggested that doze test be adopted for testing integrated proficiency of English.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.35-57
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• 2010

This study focuses on how prosodically and morphologically based OT constraints are implemented in voicing and place assimilations in English. It is revealed that prosodically based ID-ONS(V) applies to both assimilations except for assimilations occurring with irregular inflection morphemes. Morphologically based meta-constraint ranking, however, plays a role only in progressive voicing assimilation with regular inflection morphemes and regressive place assimilation with complex words. Thus, prosodically and morphologically based constraints are differently implemented in assimilation processes in English. The study shows that general faithfulness constraints should be decomposed into more specified constraints. It is also revealed that the general direction of assimilation is regressive in English and it might be reversed if morphological facts are involved in the process (Lombardi, 2001).

• Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.295-309
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• 2001

The simple forms in English have mostly been investigated in terms of tense, especially by those who do not distinguish between tense and aspect in English. However, we often find some usages of the simple forms that do not seem to fit in any of the meanings of tense. The purpose of this paper is to find aspectual meanings out of the simple present and past forms by re-analyzing their meanings in terms of aspect. It turns out that they represent the perfective aspect seeing a situation as a whole with no beginning. middle and end. As for the controversial stative situations in the simple forms, they have been proven to show the perfective aspect, too, if we agree to see both the part and whole in state as having the same features. And syntactic evidences from the simple forms and their corresponding progressive forms compared also show that the habitual dynamic situations represent the same aspect in the simple forms.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.98-103
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• 2024

This paper revisits politeness expressions in English, exploring their linguistic characteristics and the underlying social dynamics they reflect. Grounded in pragmatic theories, politeness is examined as a phenomenon shaped by societal norms, wherein language users navigate the delicate balance between efficiency and maintaining positive social interactions. Through an analysis of various linguistic devices such as modal auxiliary verbs, progressive and past tenses, depersonalization, and the use of hedges, the study elucidates how speakers endeavor to mitigate potential burdens on listeners and foster smoother communication. By understanding and employing these linguistic strategies, English learners can better navigate the nuances of politeness expressions in the English cultural context. This exploration underscores the pivotal role of politeness in interpersonal communication and highlights its significance in facilitating effective interaction among language users.