• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 2021

It has been widely recognized that there are two varieties of lateral liquid /l/, which are light /l/ (a non-velarized allophone) and dark /l/ (a velarized allophone). However, this categorical view has been challenged in recent studies, both on articulatory and acoustic aspects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether to consider /l/ velarization as a continuum in American English and provide supporting data. A spontaneous American English speech database called the Buckeye Speech Corpus was used for the material. The formant frequencies of /l/ in each syllable position were measured and analyzed statistically. The formant frequencies of /l/ in each syllable position, especially F2 values, were significantly different from each other. The results showed that there were other significantly different varieties of /l/ in American English, which support the continuum view on /l/ velarization. Regarding the effect of the adjacent vowel, the backness of the adjacent vowels was shown to affect the degree of /l/ velarization, regardless of the syllable position of the lateral liquid. This result will help provide a solid ground for the continuum view.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.56
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• pp.219-236
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• 2011

Since the end of the $19^{th}$ century, Korean English-language newspapers have been published in Korea to inform readers about Korea and Korean people's point of view concerning world problems. Among them was the Korean Republic (KR), the former name of the Korea Herald, founded on August $15^{th}$, 1953 (Korean Liberation Day from Japanese colonial rule). This newspaper was started especially to report on international affairs, just after the Armistice agreement was signed on July $27^{th}$, 1953, at the initiative of the first president of the Republic of Korea, Syngman Rhee. He vehemently expressed his and the Korean people's opinion about Korean problems in world politics where big powers were dominating and deciding small countries' destinies. This paper is written to show that Korean English-language newspapers were used as tool of public diplomacy not only for the readers of target countries but also for Korean readers, well before the media diplomacy theory became popular several decades later. In the deplorable world situation where Korea was colonized and divided into halves by the wills of the super powers, the Korean media participated actively via dialogue in English to solve the Korean problem. This paper studies the editorials of the KR for one year, the year just after its foundation. Vis-a-vis the United States, the KR defended its political system of free democracy by insisting on the Korean people's hopes, the reunification of the peninsula and acquiring American assistance in economic and military areas. Regarding Japan, Korea had doubt about its expansionist policy by way of rearmament. First, the Korean government tried to defend its territorial waters, including Dokdo Island. As for multi-lateral relationships, Korea was concerned about the spread of communism to its territory in the world where socialism was dominating.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.365-389
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to present the task model that is the most effective in English language methodology based on the investigation of task-based performance in Korean EFL classroom practice. The subjects were 538 high school students and 126 high school teachers, each of whom had common experiences using the materials of task-based activities for more than one year. To analyze the data, the program SPSS WIN 11.0 including frequency distribution and chi-square analysis was used. The results of the questionnaire analysis showed that both teachers and students had a comparatively high level of satisfaction in task rationale, but that they had some mixed responses in the fields of input data, settings, and activity types. To conclude, a few suggestions are made to provide some meaningful considerations for the EFL teachers and material developers: a) task goals and rationale that encourage the learner's positive motivation; b) authenticity of input data based on the real-world context; c) collaborative learning environment that enhances communicative interaction; d) proportional representation of the creative problem-solving activities related to discussions and decision-making processes; e) systematic introduction of integrated language skills. It also suggests that the multi-lateral task model, which has some positive assets compared to previous task models, be newly introduced and applied to the second language learning classrooms.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.65-67
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• 2018

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is a benign tumor which usually originates from major and minor salivary glands. This tumor arising outside submandibular gland (SMG) is extremely rare. To author's knowledge, only four cases have been reported so far in English literature. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, but it can be explained by embryologic theory of major salivary gland. A 68-year-old man with an incidental mass on left upper lateral neck visited to our clinic. The radiologic findings showed well-margined round mass outside left SMG. The excisional biopsy revealed a pleomorphic adenoma. We report the rare and unique case with a brief literature review.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.32-35
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• 2021

Three dogs (a 30-month-old spayed female English bulldog; a 12-month-old castrated male English bulldog; a 19-month-old castrated male Shar-pei dog) were presented to the Dana Animal Hospital Eye Center with clinical signs of blepharospasm, epiphora, and ocular discharge (serous to mucopurulent) in one or both eyes. Through ophthalmic examination, the dogs (5 eyes) were diagnosed with trichiasis caused by upper and lower eyelid entropion, including the lateral canthus. To correct upper and lower eyelid entropion, modification using a combination of the Stades forced granulation method for upper eyelid entropion and Hotz-Celsus procedure for lower eyelid entropion was performed in all cases. At the last follow-up, mean 274 days after surgery, clinical signs disappeared and no recurrences of entropion were observed in any of the 3 dogs (5 eyes). Therefore, the combination of the Stades forced granulation method and Hotz-Celsus procedure may be an effective treatment for trichiasis caused by upper and lower eyelid entropion in dogs.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.249-251
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• 2016

iepicondylar fracture of the humerus is very rare in adults. To date, there have been limited evidence of this injury in the English literature. We report a case of a 65-year-old female with a biepicondylar fracture of the left distal humerus without dislocation. Open reduction and internal fixation with K-wires, cannulated screw, and suture anchor were performed. We obtained stability of the elbow and a satisfactory functional outcome. Because this type of injury is associated with varus and valgus instability, operative reduction and fixation are essential in order to gain stability and early recovery of normal function.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.271-279
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• 2011

The morphological characteristics of the Korean Scopolia japonica Maxim., commonly known as 'Mi-chi-gwang-i-pul' in Korean, were re-evaluated in comparison with results from previous research, while the distribution map was formulated according to existing flora and voucher specimens. The result of the re-evaluation has shown that there are some distinctive discrepancies compared to the previous reports of some characteristics such as the color of the basal stem, numbers of lateral veins, apex shape of calyx and corolla including the color of corolla. The Korean Scopolia japonica Maxim is found throughout Korea except Jeju-do province. The intra-specific species such as S. parviflora (Dunn.) Nakai, S. lutescens Y.N. Lee and S. kwangdokensis Y.N. Lee were treated as synonyms of S. japonica Maxim. in this research.

• Speech Sciences
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.11-19
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• 2000

The present electropalatographic study reports the production of the allophones. i.e., [l] and [r], of Korean tap /r/ and their coarticulatory characteristics in /$C{\'{a}}r#g$/ and /$C{\'{a}}r#i$/ sequences. The finding that tap /r/ involves a complete oral closure with less lingual contact, i.e., apico-frontalveolar coupling. than lateralized /r/ which involves apico-bladealveolar coupling and tongue dorsum lowering for adequate airflow through either side and/or both of the tongue body suggests that the two allophones of the tap /r/ have different lingual gestures. Moreover. in comparison with the tap. the lateral exerts longer lingual contacts. The mean ratio between them is 3.7. In the sequences /Car#g/. the two adjacent antagonistic segments (i.e., /r/ and /g/) show mutual coarticulation effects taking on features of adjacent segment. but either of them is precisely constrained without blocking the formation of involved major lingual gestures for the other segment. In sequences /Car#i/ occurs anticipatory V-to-C coarticulation but not vocalic carryover effects. In both sequences. the allophones reveal insignificant wordinitial consonantal carryover coarticulatory effects and insignificant speaker-specific lingual contacts.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.8.1-8
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• 1978

Waardenburgs syndrome is estimated to account for 1 to 7% of all congenital deafness. The primary features of the syndrome include lateral displacement of the medial canthi and lacrimal punctae, a flat nasal root, white forelock, unilateral or bilateral congenital deafness, some degree of heterochromia of the iris, and hyperplasia of the eyebrow. This syndrome was described at first by Waardenburg in 1951, and since that time there have been reports of the same syndrome in both the English (Partington, 1959) and American (Di George) literature. The authors have experienced 3 cases of Waardenburgs syndrom, and report these cases with literature review.