• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.502-510
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• 2013

본고에서는 시제의 일반적 정의와 상에 관한 개념들을 정리 하였다. 시제는 시간을 나타내는 동사의 굴절형'이고 따라서 시제는 문법범주의 하나로서 영어의 경우 현재시제와 과거시제를 인정하고 있다. 시제처럼 상을 문법범주로 인정한다면 그 기술 대상은 당연히 문법적 표현에 국한될 것이고 반대로 문법범주가 아닌 의미범주로 간주하면 문법적 표현은 물론이고 어휘적 표현까지 기술대상이 될 것이다. 따라서 상은 문법범주로서 명시되어 있고 특히 영어의 상은 진행형과 완료형의 두 형태로 국한하고 있다. 이 경우에 진행상(the progressive aspect)은 진행형, 완료상(the perfect aspect)은 완료형을 가리킨다. 제 2장에서는 여러 학자들의 시제에 관한 정의를 살펴보고 또한 각 시제의 용법들을 정의 하였다. 3장에서는 상의 정의를 제시하였고, 상에는 문법적, 의미적상이 있음을 여러 학자들의 정의를 통하여 알아보았다. 시제와 상은 어떻게 보면 간단한 문법 범주이나 시각을 좀더 달리하면 다양한 스펙트럼을 가진 범주로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 시제와 상의 정의가 명확해지면 영어교육의 피대상자가 언어를 이해하는데 많은 도움이 될 것이다. 더하여 다양한 영역에서 시제와 상에 관한 개념정의가 필요하고 더 많은 연구가 있어야 할 것으로 여겨진다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.285-299
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• 2022

This study reviewed Korean food recipes and food culture included in English cookbooks issued in the United States from the 1930s to the early 1970s. In the 1930s cookbook, many types of soup were introduced to Korean food under the influence of the Tangban culture in the Joseon dynasty and a brief description of 'Sinseollo' culture. The 1940s cookbooks, introduced Korean table settings, food culture, and cooking methods depending on the use of chopsticks. In the 1950s cookbooks, Korean foods were selected to suit a Western table setting, and detailed explanations were included along with 'cheopsu' means the number of dishes served in Korean food. More diverse Korean food was introduced within its culture and origins in the 1960s cookbooks. The 1970s cookbooks explained, the characteristics of Korean culinary specialties that differentiated from oriental food. This study of Korean food and culture from Cookbooks issued in the United States from the 1930s to 1970s, where Eastern and Western multiculturalism coexist, can be used as baseline data to understand the identity of modern Korean food culture and the direction of the globalization of Korean food.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to assess the relative preference for hot & spicy sauces using conjoint analysis, with focus on English consumers. From the results of the study, we were able to derive a standard with the best sauce attributes. The respondent group was selected from the CCFRA's customer database. The qualification criteria for inclusion in the sample were: the primary grocery shopper in the household, a consumer of a range of home cooked oriental & far eastern cuisines, enjoyed hot & spicy chili-based foods, and willing to buy hot chili-based oriental sauces. A total of 676 respondents completed the survey in which 76% were women, and all respondents were between the ages of 18 and 65 years. An online survey method was used and a conjoint analysis was adopted. In conjoint analysis, a product is described as a combination of a set of attribute levels, where a utility value is estimated for each attribute level. In summing up the results of this study, the sensory property (flavor) attribute was most important, the second was brand, and the third was price. For the sensory property attribute, a mild chili sauce of blended garlic, sugar, and lime scored highest. In terms of brand, Blue Dragon was selected as the best. The lesser known Korean Kochujang brand of "Hot&Joy" scored lowest with respect to brand value. Encouraging, however, was the description based on the Hot&Joy product: a hot chili sauce blended with ginger and garlic, which held appeal across age groups and genders. In terms of price, 75p per bottle had the best score.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권3호
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• pp.487-500
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• 2010

In the history of colonization, how and to what extent the colonizer interacted with the local population differed according to race relations in specific periods. Generally speaking, social or sexual contact between two communities was tolerated when race relations were relatively relaxed. When the racial relationship became aggravated, however, such contact between the colonizer and the colonized was discouraged in order to forge and maintain ethnic solidarity. In Ireland, the colonizer's interaction with the colonized was not different from that of colonized countries in the Third World. Unlike those colonies, however, the settlers, that is, Protestants, simply could not be treated as the colonizer because they had lived in Ireland long enough to assert their Irishness. Joyce is keenly interested in intergender ethnic boundary crossings. In his works, two kinds of ethno-sexual interactions are presented from two totally different perspectives. As shown in the cases of the young lady in the street stall, Polly, Milkwoman, Sheila, and Cissy, Joyce describes the interaction of Irish women with Englishmen from a skeptical viewpoint. All of those cases demonstrate typical relationships epitomizing power relations in a colonial society. They reflect the turbulent time at the beginning of the century when Ireland had to fight with England to gain its independence. At such a transitional time, the ethnic relationship became aggravated and boundary crossings were discouraged. On the other hand, through the relationship between Stephen and Eileen, Girty and Reggy Wylie, Browne and Irish ladies, and Mr. & Mrs. Kernan, Joyce presents the interaction between Protestants and Catholics in terms of romantic or human relationships rather than power relations. From his description of those interactions, we can assume that Joyce, in the time of nation building, provided a blueprint for the future Irish nation, where Protestants and Catholics could build a nation and live harmoniously.

• 영어영문학
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• 제58권5호
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• pp.859-880
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• 2012

This paper aims at analyzing Robert Southey's Thalaba the Destroyer in relation to cultural colonialism of the British Romantic period and investigating the ways in which this text portrays the Other through its literary representation of the East. Especially, this paper attempts to show that the Oriental world constructed in Southey's text reveals the imperial subject's self-conscious awareness of its unstable relation with the unknown Other. For this purpose, this paper attends to the formal aspects of Thalaba the Destroyer, examining the process by which the reader's generic expectations about the "epic" undergo complex revisions and frustrations through reading this text. The epic elements contained in Thalaba the Detroyer include the battle between good and evil and the hero's moral epiphany arising from his struggle against malicious enemies. Yet, Thalaba the Destroyer constantly destabilizes the distinction between self and other by leading the reader to recognize the uncomfortable similarity between the poem's tyrannical figures and imperialistic monarchs in the Western civilization. Thus, when the hero enacts a revolution against despotism, the resistant power points not only to the imagined false kingdom within the text, but to the core of the real Empire that seeks to construct its own "garden" in the global scene. In addition, Southey's "panoramic" description of Oriental objects and stories in his footnotes lacks a framing perspective, erasing and de-stabilizing subject/object distinctions. In these footnotes, he exposes his profound attraction to the culture of "Other" and also conveys his aspiration to transforming Eastern myths and stories into profitable literary texts. Southey's attitude to the East in the footnotes appears to be partially grounded upon the interest of mercantile capitalists of the West, who need to discover potential commodities. Yet, simultaneously, he reveals a sense of moral hesitation about his own desire for the materiality of the East, along with deep anxiety arising from the fear of punishment.

• 한국지형학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.123-140
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• 2019

This study analyzed problems of interpretive signs along Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail on Mt. Hallasan National Park, focusing on factors of distracting visitor's attention from reading and understanding the signs. Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail has a total of 86 signs, and according to their purpose and content, they are classified into thirteen general signs, sixteen location signs, nine safety signs and forty-eight interpretive signs. Interpretive signs provide visitors with information and explanations about the nature and human resources of Mt. Hallasan as well as enhancing the opportunity for self-guided interpretation. The contents of interpretive signs of Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail are composed of landscapes, flora and fauna, topography, geology, history and culture, of which 70.8% of the total are related to plants and animals. Interpretive signs on the Eorimok-Yeongsil Trail do not attract visitors' attention because of the low readability, inappropriate locations and frequent errors in translation from Korean into other languages. The causes of low readability of interpretive signs include thirty-six physically damaged and faded signs, twenty-two improper font sizes and misuse of color schemes and five unclear description signs. The reasons for the incorrect locations include twenty-two long distances from the trails, twenty-one inadequate heights and fifteen inconsistencies in descriptions and locations. Problems with English use include eight grammar and spelling errors, twenty-one incorrect translations, and twenty-six English names missing.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.127-143
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• 2009

Tough-construction is, undoubtedly, one of the most puzzling syntactic problems in the history of transformational grammar. Various approaches have been proposed including Deletion approaches (Akmajian, 1972; Lasnik and Fiengo, 1974) and movement approaches. Among the movement approaches, Chomsky (1977; 1981) argues for movement of null Operator, and Hornstein (2001) argues for a two-step movement equipped with Sideward movement. Most recently, Schueler (2004) and Hartman (2009) each have also argued for a kind of movement approach. With the development of the Minimalist syntax (Chomsky, 1995; Chomsky, 2000; Chomsky, 2001), tough-construction, an age old problem in the description of grammar, turns into another round toward to a more satisfactory answer. By examining the most recent competing analyses of tough-constructions, this paper defends and extends Schueler's (2004) analysis, rather than Hartman's (2009) two step movement approach. Furthermore, this paper proposes that tough-subject originates from the intermediate CP internal Spec-TopicP position rather than from the iterated CP layer (Authier, 1992). This approach has more descriptive power than it was originally argued for in Schueler (2004) and is a step closer toward Minimalism insofar as the conception of government is no longer utilized.

• 한국재난정보학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.121-136
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• 2005

Most human-error case of accident database is written by various description and expression because accident database is produced by two or more person. And extracted information by searching of database varies in researcher's judgment criteria and the capability. Furthermore, much time and effort are required to examine manually information related to the human error from each accident case. Accordingly, it is difficult to explore objectively the accidents relevant to the human-error from the accident data base which is accumulated enormously. In this study, to solve these problems, it was developed an searchig method which is not influenced by researcher's judgment criteria and capability. For this, human-error keywords were extracted from a Japanese-English dictionary to examine objectively the accident case related to human-error in data base. This searching method by the human-error keywords can be applicable in most accident databases, although a database will be accumulated in future. Also, using the searching technique of this research, knowledge obtained by searching result can be compared with other research's results by the same method. Although the number of accident case increasese, searching results from database have the objectivity because it is not necessary to modify the based searching method or change the human-error keywords. However, as subject of future investigation, it would be necessary that the extension and investigation on human-error keywords improve and the technique to enhance searching accuracy would be modified.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.67-76
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• 2001

This study is targeted at introducing the three aspects of speech timing (articulatory, acoustic and auditory) and discussing their strong and weak points in describing speech timing. Traditional (extrinsic) articulatory timing theories exclude timing representation in the speaker's articulatory plan for his utterance, while the (intrinsic) articulatory timing theories headed by Fowler incorporate time into the plan for an utterance. As compared with articulatory timing studies with crucial constraints in data collection, acoustic timing studies can deal with even several hours of speech relatively easily. This enables us to perform suprasegmental timing studies as well as segmental timing studies. On the other hand, perception of speech timing is related to psychology rather than physiology and physics. Therefore, auditory timing studies contribute to enhancing our understanding of speech timing from the psychological point of view. Traditionally, some theories of speech timing (e.g. typology of speech rhythm: stress-timing; syllable-timing or mora-timing) have been based on our perception. However, it is problematic that auditory timing can be subjective despite some validity. Many questions as to speech timing are expected to be answered more objectively. Acoustic and articulatory description of timing will be the method of solving such problems of auditory timing.

• 한국게임학회 논문지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.117-132
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• 2021

본 연구는 원본 텍스트의 특정 정보를 번역 텍스트에서 더욱 명료하게 드러내기 위해 활용되는 번역 전략인 '명시화'가 게임 번역에서는 어떻게 활용되어 게임 이용자에게 게임 이용에 필요한 정보를 제공하는지를 살펴보고자 한다. 이를 위해 본고에서는 명시화를 실행하기 위해 활용될 수 있는 '추가'와 '대체' 번역 방식이 게임 번역에서는 어떠한 방식으로, 어떠한 정보를 명시화하고 있는지를, 게임 '리그 오브 레전드(League of Legends)'의 등장인물의 대사, 등장인물의 능력, 장비 아이템에 관한 설명 텍스트를 사례로 하여 살펴보았다. 그 결과 게임 이용자 간의 대결이 주가 되는 장르의 게임 번역에서는 어휘의 삽입 혹은 대체를 통해 게임 조작과 관련된 정보를 명시화하는 것을 우선시하고 있으며, 게임 조작과 관련된 정보를 명시화하기 위해 게임 세계관, 문화와 관련된 정보는 일부 희생될 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.