• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.21-29
• /
• 2023

This study investigates the transitional aspect of vowel harmony in Korean verbal conjugation. By observing the patterns of harmonic and disharmonic tokens of 42 verbal stems searched for in the National Institute of Korean Language (NIKL) Korean Dialogue Corpus 2020/2021, I found that disharmonic tokens appeared less than 0.1% of time, most of which consisted of an /a/-stem with a monosyllabic sentence-final suffix. It was noted that disharmonic pattern started to spread to other suffixes and possibly to /o/-stems. A simple perception test showed that the disharmonic forms might have originated from vowel reduction or undershoot. These results suggest that the ongoing change is accounted for from both the articulatory and perceptual perspectives.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 1998.06c
• /
• pp.399-402
• /
• 1998

영어에서 자음의 유.무성 대립이 선행모음에 미치는 영향은 다른 여느 언어에서보다 두드러지게 커서 언어 보편적이기보다는 영어 특유의 음운현상으로 보는 견해가 주류를 이루고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영어를 학습하고 있는 한국어 화자들이 영어특유의 이 현상을 어떻게 인지하여 실현하고 있는지를 발성실험을 통하여 알아보고 더 나아가 모음길이가 후행자음의 유.무성 인지에 어떤 실마리로 작용하는지 인지실험을 통하여 알아보았다.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
• /
• spring
• /
• pp.317-320
• /
• 2000

본 논문은 영어 모국어 화자(남, 여)들이 발성한 영어 모음 12개를 가지고 모음의 길이와 포만트 값(Fl, F2)을 측정하고, 인지실험에 사용할 시료를 만들어 원광대학교 학부생을 대상으로 음성학 수강반 학생 90명, 비 수강반 64명 두 그룹으로 나누어 총 154명을 대상으로 인지실험(Identification test)를 실시하였다. 인지실험결과 음성학 수강반 학생들의 모음인지율이 비 수강반 학생들 보다 대체적으로 좋았으며, 여자화자의 모음인지율이 남자화자의 인지율보다 대체적으로 높았다. 학생들의 인지율 가장 좋은 모음은 hayed, hard였으며, 인지율이 가장 낮은 모음은 head, had 등이였다.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2003.05a
• /
• pp.61-68
• /
• 2003

This experimental research shows that, in reading of the English isolated words that are enumerated, the releasing of the word-final stop is employed for signaling enumeration in company with the well-known intonational pattern for it. Furthermore, this study tries to find the conceivable phonetic correlates of the releasing of the stop in word-final position, focusing on the association of the stop releasing/nonreleasing with i) the POA (Place of Articulation) distinction of the word-final stop, ii) the various qualities of the preceding vowel placed before the final stop, and iii) the voice distinction of the stop in the word-final position.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
• /
• v.43 no.4 s.310
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2006

In this paper, the inputting method of english pronunciation for a computer by the combining diacritical mark is studied. English pronunciation system and the methods of its notations are investigated and conditions to input english pronunciations easily are analysed. Therefore, the inputting method which can input 3, 4-level stress as well as 2-level stress is presented. By using this method, English pronunciation can be inputted to the spreadsheets, databases and presentations as well as word-processors, and each application program's data can have compatibility. In the result of experiments, every data can have the compatibility in all of application programs and inputting speed is increased highly compare with using the individual vowel method which has high speed than using the pre-existing functions of word processors.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.1718-1723
• /
• 2014

We proposes the method to detect the Hangul and English character region from natural image using structural feature of Hangul and English Characters. First, we extract edge features from natural image, Next, if features are not corresponding to the heuristic rule of character features, extracted features filtered out and select candidates of character region. Next, candidates of Hangul character region are merged into one Hangul character using Hangul character merging algorithm. Finally, we detect the final character region by Hangul character class decision algorithm. English character region detected by edge features of English characters. Experimental result, proposed method could detect a character region effectively in images that contains a complex background and various environments. As a result of the performance evaluation, A proposed method showed advanced results about detection of Hangul and English characters region from natural image.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.80-84
• /
• 2006

Motivated by the fact that cluster reduction strategies such as inserting a vowel or deleting a consonant in resolving English complex clusters differ depending on studies, this paper investigates the repair strategies employed by Korean EFL students. A total of 60 college students participated in the present study and the participants' production of English voiceless word-initial and word-final clusters was measured using the materials designed for this study. It has been shown that prosodic positions such as onset and coda and the number of cluster sequences influenced cluster reduction strategies. The error rates of both insertion and deletion were noticeably higher in the coda position than in the onset position and both insertion and deletion error rates were higher in triconsonatal cluster than in biconsonantal cluster sequences. Overall, the insertion rate was higher than the deletion rate. However, the deletion rate was significantly higher than the insertion rate in triconsonantal coda cluster sequences. Because of this, the deletion rate was higher than the insertion rate for triconsonantal cluster sequences across onset and coda. Also, the high deletion rate of triconsonantal coda clusters contributed to the high deletion rate for the coda clusters in general.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.19-25
• /
• 2021

It has been widely recognized that there are two varieties of lateral liquid /l/, which are light /l/ (a non-velarized allophone) and dark /l/ (a velarized allophone). However, this categorical view has been challenged in recent studies, both on articulatory and acoustic aspects. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether to consider /l/ velarization as a continuum in American English and provide supporting data. A spontaneous American English speech database called the Buckeye Speech Corpus was used for the material. The formant frequencies of /l/ in each syllable position were measured and analyzed statistically. The formant frequencies of /l/ in each syllable position, especially F2 values, were significantly different from each other. The results showed that there were other significantly different varieties of /l/ in American English, which support the continuum view on /l/ velarization. Regarding the effect of the adjacent vowel, the backness of the adjacent vowels was shown to affect the degree of /l/ velarization, regardless of the syllable position of the lateral liquid. This result will help provide a solid ground for the continuum view.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.105-116
• /
• 2004

The fundamental frequency of a vowel is known to be affected by the identity of the preceding consonant. The general agreement is that strong consonants trigger higher F0 than weak consonants. However, there has been a disagreement on the shape of this segmentally affected F0 contours. Some studies report that shapes of contours are differentiated based on the consonant type, but others regard this observation as misleading. This research attempts to resolve this controversy by investigating shapes and slopes of F0 contours of Korean word level speech data produced by four male speakers. Instead of entirely relying on traditional human intuition and judgment, I employed an automatic F0 contour analysis technique known as tilt parameterisation (Taylor 2000). After necessary manipulation of an F0 contour of each data token, various parameters are collapsed into a single tilt value which directly indicates the shape of the contour. The result, in terms of statistical inference, shows that it is not viable to conclude that the type of consonant is significantly related to the shape of F0 contour. A supplementary measurement is also made to see if the slope of each contour bears meaningful information. Unlike shapes themselves, slopes are suspected to be practically more practical for consonantal differentiation, although confirmation is required through further refined experiments.

• Speech Sciences
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.137-147
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to examine the syllable structures of ten Korean numeric sounds produced by ten students. Each sound was normalized by its maximum intensity value and divided into onset, vowel, and coda sections after finding abrupt or visible changes in energy values or cumulative values of lower spectral energy at each pulse point using four Praat scripts. Then, segmental durations and cumulative intensity values of each syllable were obtained to find a statistical summary of the syllable structure. Intensity values at 100 proportional time points were also collected to compare the ten sounds. Results showed as follows: Firstly, there was not much deviation from the grand average duration and intensity for the majority of the sounds except the two diphthongal sounds on which their boundary points varied among the speakers. Secondly, the onset point for the CV or CVC category sounds and the boundary between the vowel and the nasal or lateral sound were easy to identify, which may be automatically traced later. Thirdly, there seems some tradeoff among the sections maintaining the same total duration per each syllable. Further studies on syllables with various onsets or codas would be desirable to make a general statement on the Korean syllable structure.