• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.117-133
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• 2014

Natural vibration of truss cable structures is analyzed based upon the general structural analysis software ANSYS, energy variational method and Rayleigh method, the calculated results of three methods are compared, from which the characteristics of free-vibration are obtained. Moreover, vertical seismic response analysis of truss cable structures is carried out via time-history method. Introducing three natural earthquake waves calculated the results including time-history curve of vertical maximal displacement, time-history curve of maximal internal force. Variation curve of maximal displacement of node along span, and variation curve of maximal internal force of member along span are presented. The results show the formulas of frequencies for truss cable structures obtained by energy variational method are of high accuracy. Furthermore, the maximal displacement and the maximal internal force occur near the 1/5 span point. These provide convenient and simple design method for practical engineering.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제49권7호
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• pp.1414-1422
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• 2017

Remote response technology has advanced to the extent that a robot system, if properly designed and deployed, may greatly help respond to beyond-design-basis accidents at nuclear power plants. Particularly in the aftermath of the Fukushima accident, there is increasing interest in developing disaster robots that can be deployed in lieu of a human operator to the field to perform mitigating actions in the harsh environment caused by extreme natural hazards. The nuclear robotics team of the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) is also endeavoring to construct disaster robots and, first of all, is interested in finding out to what extent safety benefits can be achieved by such a disaster robotic system. This paper discusses a new approach based on the probabilistic risk assessment (PRA) technique, which can be used to quantify safety benefits associated with disaster robots, along with a case study for seismic-induced station blackout condition. The results indicate that to avoid core damage in this special case a robot system with reliability > 0.65 is needed because otherwise core damage is inevitable. Therefore, considerable efforts are needed to improve the reliability of disaster robots, because without assurance of high reliability, remote response techniques will not be practically used.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.797-820
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• 2016

This paper simulates the hysteretic behavior of steel reinforced recycled concrete (SRRC) columns under cyclic loads using OpenSees software. The effective fiber model and displacement-based beam-column element in OpenSees is applied to each SRRC columns. The Concrete01 material model for recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and Steel02 material model is proposed to perform the numerical simulation of columns. The constitutive models of RAC, profile steel and rebars in columns were assigned to each fiber element. Based on the modelling method, the analytical models of SRRC columns are established. It shows that the calculated hysteresis loops of most SRRC columns agree well with the test curves. In addition, the parameter studies (i.e., strength grade of RAC, stirrups strength, steel strength and steel ratio) on seismic performance of SRRC columns were also investigated in detail by OpenSees. The calculation results of parameter analysis show that SRRC columns suffered from flexural failure has good seismic performance through the reasonable design. The ductility and bearing capacity of columns increases as the increasing magnitude of steel strength, steel ratio and stirrups strength. Although the bearing capacity of columns increases as the strength grade of RAC increases, the ductility and energy dissipation capacity decreases gradually. Based on the test and numerical results, the flexural failure mechanism of SRRC columns were analysed in detail. The computing theories of the normal section of bearing capacity for the eccentrically loaded columns were adopted to calculate the nominal bending strength of SRRC columns subjected to vertical axial force under lateral cyclic loads. The calculation formulas of horizontal bearing capacity for SRRC columns were proposed based on their nominal bending strength.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2010

현행 강구조내진설계철학의 근거인 역량설계법(capacity design method)에 의할 때 중심가새골조의 에너지 소산요소인 가새가 인장항복하고 압축좌굴 할 때 보와 기둥은 탄성상태를 유지해야 한다. 중심가새골조의 대표적 형식인 역V형 가새골조의 경우 가새가 좌굴하면 인장가새와 압축가새 사이에 수직불균형력이 발생하여 보와 기둥에 추가적인 하중이 가해지므로 이를 반영하여 보 및 기둥 부재를 탄성설계해야 한다. 지진하중 발생시에 모든 가새가 동시에 좌굴하지 않는다는 것은 잘 알려져 있지만, 특정층의 좌굴발생 유무를 정확히 예견하는 방법은 아직 존재하지 않는다. 따라서 현행 설계기준에서는 모든 층에서의 동시 좌굴을 가정하여 보수적으로 설계하거나 시스템초과강도계수로 증폭된 특별지진하중에 대해 기둥부재를 탄성설계하는 경험적이고 우회적인 방법을 제시하고 있다. 이를 개선하기 위한 첫 번째 단계는 우선 지진 내습시에 좌굴발생이 예견되는 층을 정확히 예측하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 1차모드 푸쉬오버해석, 고차모드 푸쉬오버해석, 선형고유치해석에 의해 좌굴층을 예측한 후 이를 토대로 가새좌굴이 기둥에 가하는 축력을 산정하는 세 가지의 새로운 방법, 즉 FMPM(First Mode Pushover Method), MMPM (Multi-Mode Pushover Method), MSBM(Mode Shape Based Method)을 제안하였다. 이 세 가지 방안의 핵심은 좌굴 포텐셜이 높은 것으로 감지된 층의 수직불균형력은 선형합산하고 그렇지 않은 층의 수직불균형력은 SRSS(square root of sum of squares)법에 의해 조합하여 기둥에 가해지는 축력을 산정하는 것이다. 3층에서 15층에 이르는 5개의 골조모델에 대해 20개 지진가속도기록을 입력으로 한 방대한 비선형동적해석을 수행하여 제시한 방안의 타탕성을 검증하였다. 세 방법에 의한 기둥설계 결과는 모두 현행 설계기준의 방법보다 기둥의 물량을 대폭 줄이면서도 기둥부재가 탄성상태를 유지하여 역량설계법의 철학을 만족시켰다. 특히 MSBM은 간단한 선형 고유치해석결과만을 이용하지만 본 연구에서 가장 정확한 축력산정법인 MMPM과 큰 차이를 보이지 않을 정도로 정확하다. 실무 여건에서도 사용 가능한 방법으로 MSBM을 추천한다.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.9-19
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• 2016

Permanent deformation plays a key role in performance based earthquake resistant design. In order to estimate permanent deformation after earthquake, it is essential to secure reliable response history analysis(RHA) as well as earthquake scenario. This study focuses on permanent deformation of an inverted T-type wall under earthquake. The study is composed of two separate parts. The first one is on the verification of RHA and the second one is on an effect of input earthquake motion. The former is discussed in companion paper and the latter in this paper. In order to investigate the effect of an input earthquake motion on the permanent deformation, three bins of spectral matched real earthquake records with different magnitude, regions, epicentral distance are constructed. Parametric study was performed using the verified RHA through the companion paper for each earthquake records in the bins. The most influential parameter affecting permanent displacement is magnitude. The other parameters describing earthquake motion are not significant enough to increase permanent displacement of the inverted T-type wall except for energy related parameters(AI, CI, SEI).

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.713-723
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• 2017

Steel plate shear walls (SPSWs) are effective lateral systems which have high initial stiffness, appropriate ductility and energy dissipation capability. Recently, steel plate shear walls with low yield point strength (LYP), were introduced and they attracted the attention of designers. Structures with this new system, besides using less steel, are more stable. In the present study, the effects of plates with low yield strength on the seismic design parameters of steel frames with steel plate shear walls are investigated. For this purpose, a variety of this kind of structures with different heights including the 2, 5, 10, 14 and 18-story buildings are designed based on the AISC seismic provisions. The structures are modeled using ANSYS finite element software and subjected to monotonic lateral loading. Parameters such as ductility (${\mu}$), ductility reduction ($R_{\mu}$), over-strength (${\Omega}_0$), displacement amplification ($C_d$) and behavior factor (R) of these structures are evaluated by carrying out the pushover analysis. Analysis results indicate that the ductility, over-strength and behavior factors decrease by increasing the number of stories. Also, the displacement amplification factor decreases by increasing the number of stories. Finally, the results were compared with the suggestions provided in the AISC code for steel plate shear walls. The results indicate that the values for over-strength, behavior and displacement amplification factors of LYP steel plate shear wall systems, are larger than those proposed by the AISC code for typical steel plate shear wall systems.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.179-186
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• 2007

응답스펙트럼은 내진설계에 있어서 중요한 기초자료의 하나이다. 응답스펙트럼을 얻기 위하여, 한반도에서 발생하는 지진들의 지진원 특성에 근거하여 다수의 강진동을 Boore(2005)에 의해 개발된 컴퓨터 프로그램 SMSIM을 사용하여 모사하였다. 여러 연구결과들에 대한 충분한 검토를 통하여, 모사에 필요한 입력자료들을 선정하였다. 모사된 강진동으로부터 얻은 응답스펙트럼은 가속도 1.0 g에 대하여 정규화하여 미국 원자력위원회(1973)의 표준응답스펙트럼과 비교하였다. 이 연구에서 얻어진 응답스펙트럼의 스펙트럼 진폭은 대략 10 Hz 이상의 고주파 대역에서 표준 응답스펙트럼 값에 비하여 큰 것으로 나타났다. 또한 응력강하량의 변화에 따른 응답스펙트럼의 변화를 평가하였다. 그 결과 큰 응력강하량에 대한 응답스펙트럼의 스펙트럼 진폭은 저주파 범위내에서 큰 값을 나타냄을 제시하였다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.751-763
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• 2020

Available records of recent earthquakes show that near-field earthquakes have different characteristics than far-field earthquakes. In general, most of these unique characteristics of near-fault records can be attributed to their forward directivity. This phenomenon causes the records of ground motion normal to the fault to entail pulses with long periods in the velocity time history. The energy of the earthquake is almost accumulated in these pulses causing large displacements and, accordingly, severe damages in the building. Damage to structures caused by past earthquakes raises the need to assess the chance of future earthquake damage. There are a variety of methods to evaluate building seismic vulnerabilities with different computational cost and accuracy. In the meantime, fragility curves, which defines the possibility of structural damage as a function of ground motion characteristics and design parameters, are more common. These curves express the percentage of probability that the structural response will exceed the allowable performance limit at different seismic intensities. This study aims to obtain the fragility curve for low- and mid-rise structures of reinforced concrete moment frames by incremental dynamic analysis (IDA). These frames were exposed to an ensemble of 18 ground motions (nine records near-faults and nine records far-faults). Finally, after the analysis, their fragility curves are obtained using the limit states provided by HAZUS-MH 2.1. The result shows the near-fault earthquakes can drastically influence the fragility curves of the 6-story building while it has a minimal impact on those of the 3-story building.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.809-822
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• 2013

Base isolation is widely used in seismic resisting buildings due to its low construction cost, high reliability, mature theory and convenient usage. However, it is difficult to design the isolation layer in high-rise buildings using the available bearings because high-rise buildings are characterized with long period, low horizontal stiffness, and complex re-distribution of the internal forces under earthquake loads etc. In this paper, a simple and innovative isolation bearing, named Teflon-based lead rubber isolation bearing, is developed to address the mentioned problems. The Teflon-based lead rubber isolation bearing consists of friction material and lead rubber isolation bearing. Hence, it integrates advantages of friction bearings and lead rubber isolation bearings so that improves the stability of base isolation system. An experimental study was conducted to validate the effectiveness of this new bearing. The effects of vertical loading, displacement amplitude and loading frequency on the force-displacement relationship and energy dissipation capacity of the Teflon-based lead rubber isolation bearing were studied. An analytical model was also proposed to predict the force-displacement relationship of the new bearing. Comparison of analytical and experimental results showed that the analytical model can accurately predict the force-displacement relationship and elastic shear deflection of the Teflon-based lead rubber isolation bearings.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권3호
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• pp.313-323
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• 2024

Most of existing buildings in Mexico City are made of reinforced concrete (RC), however, it has been shown that they are very susceptible to narrow-band long duration ground motions. In recent years, the use of dual systems composed by Buckling Restrained Braces (BRB) has increased due to its high energy dissipation capacity under reversible cyclical loads. Therefore, in this work the behavior of RC buildings with BRB is studied in order to know their performance, specifically, the energy distribution through height and response transformation factors between the RC and simplified systems are estimated. For this propose, seven RC buildings with different heights were designed according to the Mexico City Seismic Design Provisions (MCSDP), in addition, equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) systems were obtained. Incremental dynamic analyses on the buildings under 30 narrow-band ground motions in order to compute the relationship between normalized hysteretic energy, maximum inter-story drift and roof displacement demands were performed. The results shown that the entire structural frames participate in energy dissipation and their distribution is independent of the global ductility. The results let propose energy distribution equations through height. Finally, response transformation factors between the SDOF and multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems were developed aimed to propose a new energy-based approach of BRB reinforced concrete buildings.