• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

Recently the world has been suffering from difficulties related to the demand and supply of energy due to the democratic movements sweeping across the Middle East. Consequently, many have turned their attention to never-developed extreme regions such as the polar lands or deep sea, which contain many underground resources. This research investigated the strength and initial elastic modulus values of eternally frozen ground through a uniaxial compression test and indirect tensile test using frozen artificial soil specimens. To ensure accurate test results, a sandymud mixture of standard Jumunjin sand and kaolinite (20% in weight) was used for the specimens in these laboratory tests. Specimen were prepared by varying the water content ratio (7%, 15%, and 20%). Then, the variation in the strength value, depending on the water content, was observed. This research also established three kinds of environments under freezing temperatures of $-5^{\circ}C$, $-10^{\circ}C$, and $-15^{\circ}C$. Then, the variation in the strength value was observed, depending on the freezing environment. In addition, the tests divided the loading rate into 6 phases and observed the variation in the stress-strain ratio, depending on the loading rate. The test data showed that a lower freezing temperature resulted in a larger strength value. An increase in the ice content in the specimen with the increase in the water content ratio influenced the strength value of the specimen. A faster load rate had a greater influence on the uniaxial compression and indirect tensile strengths of a frozen specimen and produced a different strength engineering property through the initial tangential modulus of elasticity. Finally, the long-term strength under a constant water content ratio and freezing temperature was checked by producing stress-strain ratio curves depending on the loading rate.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2021

The demand for eco-friendly energy is expected to increase due to the recently strengthened environmental regulations. In particular, the flow inside the pipe used in a cargo handling system (CHS) or fuel gas supply system (FGSS) of hydrogen transport ships and hydrogen-powered ships exhibits a very complex pattern of multiphase-thermal flow, including the boiling phenomenon and high accuracy analysis is required concerning safety. In this study, a feasibility study applying the boiling model was conducted to analyze the multiphase-thermal flow in the pipe considering the phase change. Two types of boiling models were employed and compared to implement the subcooled boiling phenomenon in nucleate boiling numerically. One was the "Rohsenow boiling model", which is the most commonly used one among the VOF (Volume-of-Fluid) boiling models under the Eulerian-Eulerian framework. The other was the "wall boiling model", which is suitable for nucleate boiling among the Eulerian multiphase models. Moreover, a comparative study was conducted by combining the nucleate site density and bubble departure diameter model that could influence the accuracy of the wall boiling model. A comparison of the Rohsenow boiling and the wall boiling models showed that the wall boiling model relatively well represented the process of bubble formation and development, even though more computation time was consumed. Among the combination of models used in the wall boiling model, the simulation results were affected significantly by the bubble departure diameter model, which had a very close relationship with the grid size. The present results are expected to provide useful information for identifying the characteristics of various parameters of the boiling model used in CFD simulations of multiphase-thermalflow, including phase change and selecting the appropriate parameters.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.951-960
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• 2018

Hanwoo cattle are an important food source in Korea and their supply can have a major impact on meat availability for Korean consumers. The Hanwoo population was 1.8 million head in 2005 and gradually increased to 2.6 million in 2015. Per capita beef consumption has also increased, to 11.6 kg per year in 2015, and is expected to continue to increase. Because intramuscular fat percentage is a critical contributor to meat quality, Hanwoo cattle are fed a high-energy corn-based diet for long fattening periods. Long fed diet causes significant alterations in fat percentage in the loin muscle and other areas of the carcass. However, these long feeding periods increase feeding costs and beef prices. Recently, there has been increased Korean consumer demand for lean beef which has less fat, but is tender and priced more reasonably. These consumer demands on the Korean beef industry are driving differing beef production systems and also changes to the beef grading methodology. Korean government has made a significant investment to select bulls with favorable production traits using progeny testing. Progeny tested bull semen has been disseminated to all Hanwoo farmers. A beef traceability system has been employed for all cattle breeds in Korea since 2009. Hanwoo cattle are ear-marked with a 12-digit identification number from birth to slaughter. This number allows traceability of the management history of individual cattle, and also provides information to consumers. Traceability including management information such as herd, farm, year of birth, and carcass data can determine estimated breeding values of Hanwoo. For a sustainable Hanwoo industry, research scientists in Korea have attempted to develop feeds for efficient fattening periods and precision feeding systems based on genetic information for Hanwoo cattle. These initiatives aim to Korean consumer demands for beef and provide more precision management in beef production in Korea.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권3_spc호
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• pp.354-362
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• 2021

Broiler chickens grow rapidly, and their nutrient requirements change daily. However, broilers are fed three to five diet phases, meaning nutrients are under or oversupplied throughout production. Increasing diet phases improves production efficiency as there is less time in the production cycle that nutrients are in under or over-supply. Nevertheless, the process of administering four or more diets is costly and often impractical. New technologies are now available to blend feed to match the daily nutrient requirements of broilers. Thus, the aim of this review is to evaluate previous studies measuring the impact of increasing feed phases on nutrient utilisation and growth performance, and review recent studies taking this concept to the extreme; precision nutrition - feeding a new diet for each day of the production cycle. This review will also discuss how modern precision feeding technologies have been utilised and the potential that new technologies may bring to the poultry industry. The development of a precision nutrition regime which targets daily requirements by blending dietary components on farm is anticipated to improve the efficiency of production, reduce production cost and therefore improve sustainability of the industry. There is also potential for precision feeding technology along with precision nutrition strategies to deliver a plethora of other management and economic benefits. These include increased fluidity to cope with sudden environmental or market changes, and the ability to alter diets on a farm by farm level in a large, integrated operation. Thus, the future possibilities and practical implications for such technologies to generate a paradigm shift in feed formulation within the poultry industry to meet the rising demand for animal protein is also discussed.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2018

We use heat pumps with thermal storage system to reduce peak usage of electric power during winters and summers. A heat pump stores thermal energy in a thermal storage tank during the night, to meet load requirements during the day. This system stabilizes the supply and demand of electric power; moreover by utilizing the inexpensive midnight electric power, thus making it cost effective. In this study, we propose a system wherein the thermal storage tank and heat pump are modeled using the TRNSYS, whereas the control simulations are performed by (i) conventional control methods (i.e., thermal storage priority method and heat pump priority method); (ii) region control method, which operates at the optimal part load ratio of the heat pump; (iii) load response control method, which minimizes operating cost responding to load; and (iv) dynamic programming method, which runs the system by following the minimum cost path. We observed that the electricity cost using the region control method, load response control approach, and dynamic programing method was lower compared to using conventional control techniques. According to the annual simulation results, the electricity cost utilizing the load response control method is 43% and 4.4% lower than those obtained by the conventional techniques. We can note that the result related to the power cost was similar to that obtained by the dynamic programming method based on the load prediction. We can, therefore, conclude that the load response control method turned out to be more advantageous when compared to the conventional techniques regarding power consumption and electricity costs.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2021

Predictive maintenance has been one of important applications of data science technology that creates a predictive model by collecting numerous data related to management targeted equipment. It does not predict equipment failure with just one or two signs, but quantifies and models numerous symptoms and historical data of actual failure. Statistical methods were used a lot in the past as this predictive maintenance method, but recently, many machine learning-based methods have been proposed. Such proposed machine learning-based methods are preferable in that they show more accurate prediction performance. However, with the exception of some learning models such as decision tree-based models, it is very difficult to explicitly know the structure of learning models (Black-Box Model) and to explain to what extent certain attributes (features or variables) of the learning model affected the prediction results. To overcome this problem, a recently proposed study is an explainable artificial intelligence (AI). It is a methodology that makes it easy for users to understand and trust the results of machine learning-based learning models. In this paper, we propose an explainable AI method to further enhance the explanatory power of the existing learning model by targeting the previously proposedpredictive model [5] that learned data from a core facility (Hyper Compressor) of a domestic chemical plant that produces polyethylene. The ensemble prediction model, which is a black box model, wasconverted to a white box model using the Explainable AI. The proposed methodology explains the direction of control for the major features in the failure prediction results through the Explainable AI. Through this methodology, it is possible to flexibly replace the timing of maintenance of the machine and supply and demand of parts, and to improve the efficiency of the facility operation through proper pre-control.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제39C권1호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2014

최근 불규칙적인 전력 수요에 따른 수차례의 전력난에 의해, 양방향 통신을 이용하여 전력의 공급과 수요 정보를 실시간으로 교환함으로써 변동하는 전력 수요에 맞추어 효율적으로 전력을 공급할 수 있게 해주는 스마트 그리드의 도입의 필요성이 급속하게 높아지고 있다. 향후 국내에 스마트 그리드환경이 구축되면, 스마트 그리드 환경에서 얻을 수 있는 정보를 이용하여 서비스를 제공하는 third-party들 역시 활성화될 것이다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 그리드 환경이 구축된 가정에서 발생하는 가전기기 소비전력 패턴을 데이터 마이닝 기법을 이용하여 분석하고, 가족 유형을 분류하는 방법을 제안한다. 가족 유형을 분류하는 분류기를 만들기 위해서는 소비전력이 어떤 가족 유형에서 생성되었는지에 대한 데이터가 필요한데, 현실적으로 그러한 데이터를 수집하기는 힘들다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가상의 데이터를 생성하기 위해 가족 유형에 따른 소비전력을 생성하는 시뮬레이터를 개발하고, 시뮬레이터에서 생성되는 소비전력 정보를 이용하여 가족 유형을 분류한다. 또한 본 논문에서 제안하는 기법이 향후 각 가구의 특성에 따른 맞춤형 서비스 또는 마케팅에 활용될 수 있는 가능성을 제시한다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2023

폐수 처리는 담수 공급의 수요를 맞추고 동시에 환경 오염을 제어하기 위한 가장 중요한 기술 중 하나이다. 여러 종류의 증류법과 역삼투 공정과 같은 다양한 기술은 더 높은 에너지 투입을 필요로 한다. 축전식 탈염(CDI) 기술은 전력 소비가 매우 적어 슈퍼커패시터 원리에 기반한 대안으로 떠오르고 있다. 공정의 효율성을 향상시키기 위해 전극 재료를 개선하기 위한 연구가 계속되고 있다. 역전기투석은 가장 일반적으로 사용되는 담수화 기술 및 삼투압 발전기이다. 역전기투석의 효율을 향상시키기 위해 수행된 많은 연구 중, 맥신(MXene)은 이온교환막 및 2차원 나노유체 채널로서 역전기투석의 물리적 및 전기화학적 특성을 향상시킬 수 있는 유망한 방법으로 떠오르고 있다. 맥신은 단독 사용뿐만 아니라 다른 물질들이 맥신과 혼합되어 복합막의 성능을 더욱 향상시킨다. 전처리를 거치거나 Ti₃C₂T_x, 나피온 등을 포함한 이종구조를 가진 맥신은 각각 최대 담수화 성능 측정 결과를 통해 담수화 산업에서 유망한 재료로 맥신의 잠재력을 입증했다. 역전기투석을 통한 삼투압 발전 산업에서 이온교환막에서 비대칭 나노유체 이온 채널에 맥신을 사용함으로써 최대 삼투압 출력 밀도를 크게 향상시켰으며, 대부분 상용화 기준값인 5 Wm^-2를 넘었다. 일정 개수의 단위체를 연결함으로써 매개체의 도움 없이 전자기기에 직접적으로 전력을 공급할 수 있는 수준의 전압이 출력됐다. 본 리뷰에서는 맥신 복합막을 기반으로 한 전기투석 공정의 최근 연구들에 대해 설명한다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2004

매립지는 도심부 혹은 내륙지역과는 달리 독특한 지형적 자연환경 특성을 가지고 있으며 내륙지역에 비해 낫은 기온, 강한 바람, 과다한 일사조건, 해염을 포함한 습기라는 기후적 악조건을 가지고 있다. 따라서 워터프런트를 개발할 경우는 매립에 따른 기후환경 특성을 상세하게 파악하여 적합한 개발 및 체계적인 유지관리가 필요하다. 워터프런트의 지형적, 기후적 특성을 충분히 검토하지 않고 개발을 추진한 경우 기후환경의 악화와 더불어 시설의 하자발생 및 부정확한 설비용량 산정에 따른 에너지비용 및 유지관리비용의 상승이 초래될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 현재 매립ㆍ개발이 진행되고 있는 부산 신항만지역의 환경친화적 에너지 수급계획을 위하여 신항만지역의 표준기상데이터를 작성하고, 이를 바탕으로 현재 계획되어 있는 상업ㆍ업무시설과 주거시설을 대상으로 동적 최대 열부하계산을 실시하여 신항만지역 배후도시의 설비용량 산정을 위한 기초자료를 제시하였다.

• International Journal of Automotive Technology
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.761-769
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• 2007

The configuration of the flow channel on a bipolar plate of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) for efficient reactant supply has great influence on the performance of the fuel cell. Recent demand for higher energy density fuel cells requires an increase in current density at mid voltage range and a decrease in concentration overvoltage at high current density. Therefore, an interdigitated flow channel where mass transfer rate by convection through a gas diffusion layer is greater than the mass transfer by a diffusion mechanism through a gas diffusion layer was recently proposed. This study attempts to analyze the i-V performance, mass transfer and pressure drop in interdigitated flow channels by developing a fully three dimensional simulation model for PEMFC that can deal with anode and cathode flow together. The results indicate that the trade off between performance and pressure loss should be considered for efficient design of flow channels. Although the performance of the fuel cell with interdigitated flow is better than that with conventional flow channels due to a strong mass transfer rate by convection across a gas diffusion layer, there is also an increase in friction due to the strong convection through the porous diffusion layer accompanied by a larger pressure drop along the flow channel. It was evident that the proper selection of the ratio of channel and rib width under counter flow conditions in the fuel cell with interdigitated flow are necessary to optimize the interdigitated flow field design.