• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.165-185
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• 2004

Assessment in Socio-economic items should be used to estimate social influence when policies and projects were introduced. To estimate current situation of socio-economic items 19 Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) of large scale projects were analyzed. The projects were selected based on magnitude of social impact when the projects were implemented. Environmental Impact Statement was categorized into line projects(road construction, railroad construction, stream development, etc), and surface projects(energy development, wetland reclamation, recreation and sport development, and housing and residential development, etc) thus being chosen for 19 projects in each categories. This report was based on the analysis of 7 items in socio-economic environmental items(i.e., population, residents, industry, public facilities, education, transport and historical monument). Most EIS did not follow the regulation suggested by Ministry of Environment, and only current circumstances were briefly described. Indifference of in-depth analysis of socioeconomic environmental items would influence the process of social and environment impact negatively in the midst of construction of National Projects such as Outer Circle Seoul Highways, Saemankeum Reclamation Projects, etc. This abrupt halt of construction was mostly based on a lack of public hearing or public participation. Socio-economic items are also very much lacking in quantitative method and strengthening socio-economic environmental items is needed via checklist or matrix that brings decision-makers better ideas objectively.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.85-96
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• 2022

CEO duality and its impact on firm performance represent one of the most contentious issues in both academia and business. This study, therefore, aims to examine the moderating role of CEO duality in the relationship between intellectual capital Efficiency (human, structural, relational, Capital Employed, and Innovation) and firm performance (earnings per share and Tobin's Q) among Jordanian companies. The study sample consists of services listed companies on Amman Stock Exchange. The study used panel data for the period 2014-2018 with a sample size of 230 observations. SPSS software was used to analyze the collected data. The regression results indicate a significant relationship between, IC and firm performance. When CEO Duality is incorporated into the model as a moderator, there is an increase in the R² by 7.9%. The findings from this study expand the theoretical underpinning of corporate governance research by identifying the performance implications of CEO duality within the Jordanian context. It also contributes significantly to the literature review about the current status of the practices taken in the intellectual capital components efficiency among companies listed on the Amman Stock Exchange. Findings from this study also provide contributions to the concerned policymakers such as the Ministry of Finance, Securities Commission, and Amman Stock Exchange in Jordan, to improve the current policies related to intellectual capital efficiency.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.563-570
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• 2021

This study aims at exploring the corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in the listed companies of Bangladesh. One hundred eighty-two different companies from fifteen different sectors have been selected as a sample. A weighted disclosure index having fifty-two items has been applied to ensure the degree of CSR practices of the sample companies. Each of the content has been assigned a three-scale value starting from zero to two. After that, eight dimensions of CSR are identified from CSR literature and have been evaluated by the predetermined disclosure index. Finally, a composite CSR disclosure (CSRD) score has been computed to measure the extent of CSR practices of the sample companies. The findings of the study reveal a poor CSRD score by the sample companies. Besides, it has been found that the listed companies provide more CSR activities on employee-related issues and community service-related issues while the listed companies provide less information on energy-related CSRD and customer-related CSRD in the context of Bangladesh. The findings of the study imply that the government and the regulatory authority should give more attention to develop a harmonized standards or policies to measure the degree of CSR practices for comparative purposes.

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.101-105
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• 2021

Encouragement of DER from Korean government with several policies boosts DER installation in power system. When the penetration of DER in the grid is getting high, loss of generation with break-away of DER by abnormal grid conditions should be considered, because loss of high generation causes abnormal low frequency and additional operations of protection system. Therefore, KEPCO where is Korean power utility is preparing improvement in regulations for DERs connected to the grid to support abnormal grid conditions such as low and high frequencies or voltages. This is called 'Ride Through' because the requirement is for DER to maintain grid connection during required periods when abnormal grid conditions occur. However, it is not easy to have a test for ride through capability in reality because emulation of abnormal grid conditions is not possible in real power system in operation. Also, it is not easy to have a study on grid effect when ride through capability fails with the same reason. PHILs (Power Hardware In the Loop System) makes it possible to analyze power system and hardware performance at once. Therefore, this paper introduces PHILs test methods and presents verification of ride through capability especially for low voltage grid conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2021

Based on Korea's Hydrogen Economy Activation Roadmap, an annual supply of 5.26 million tonnes of hydrogen is required by 2040. But if the hydrogen production from byproduct, extraction, and electrolysis of water is not able to meet the target which is 50% of total production, it would be necessary to increase the portion of imported hydrogen. Therefore, it is essential to secure a variety of sources for overseas production. In this technical report, hydrogen production/transportation policies, current condition, and future prospects of Canada, a major supply candidate, is examined and an example of blue hydrogen project which is considered the most realistic hydrogen supply method is introduced.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.593-607
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• 2022

Climate change has recently become a serious global issue, and carbon emissions and energy consumption are increasing, particularly in cities where economic activities and populations are concentrated. Accordingly, various countries worldwide are promoting the Green New Deal and promoting urban-centered climate change response policies with the aim of carbon neutrality. In Korea, following the "smart green city" project that creates a city where humans and the environment coexist, a similar "carbon neutral green city" policy is set to be introduced. Therefore, in this study, implications and directions for the sustainable introduction of the carbon neutral green city policy will be derived by comparing and analyzing the State and Tribal Assistance Grants of the U.S. bipartisan infrastructure law and the smart green city of the Korean new deal.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.158-165
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• 2022

Eco-friendly policies proposed by the government of The Republic of Korea have encouraged the use of eco-friendly vehicles. Hydrogen vehicles have exhibited the highest growth rate, although the current number of registered vehicles is low. In hydrogen vehicles, a thermally activated pressure relief device (TPRD) is installed to prevent explosions in the hydrogen gas cylinder. When discharged due to low ignition energy, hydrogen gas readily forms a jet flame. The risks induced by such jet flames were analyzed through a numerical analysis. Jet flames can activate TPRDs installed in nearby hydrogen gas cylinders. As a result, high-voltage cables exposed in the lower area of a vehicle can ignite within seconds. There was a 9.5-kW/m2 area around the vehicle (which can result in casualties) at a distance of ~5 m from the hydrogen gas cylinder, and a 37.5-kW/m2 area (which can cause significant damage) in the form of an inverted triangle toward the lower section of the vehicle. We believe that the risk factors analyzed herein should be considered for addressing accidents in hydrogen vehicles.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.147-158
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• 2022

Cloud Computing offers flexible, on demand, ubiquitous resources for cloud users. Cloud users are provided computing resources in a virtualized environment. In order to meet the growing demands for computing resources, data centres contain a large number of physical machines accommodating multiple virtual machines. However, cloud data centres cannot utilize their computing resources to their total capacity. Several policies have been proposed for improving energy proficiency and computing resource utilization in cloud data centres. Virtual machine placement is an effective method involving efficient mapping of virtual machines to physical machines. However, the availability of many physical machines accommodating multiple virtual machines in a data centre has made the virtual machine placement problem a non deterministic polynomial time hard (NP hard) problem. Metaheuristic algorithms have been widely used to solve the NP hard problems of multiple and conflicting objectives, such as the virtual machine placement problem. In this context, we presented essential concepts regarding virtual machine placement and objective functions for optimizing different parameters. This paper provides a taxonomy of metaheuristic algorithms for the virtual machine placement method. It is followed by a review of prominent research of virtual machine placement methods using meta heuristic algorithms and comparing them. Finally, this paper provides a conclusion and future research directions in virtual machine placement of cloud computing.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.12-39
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• 2023

Diseases caused by air pollution and abnormal climate are occurring worldwide due to global warming. Accordingly, the international community has established a strategy to respond to climate change, and major countries have shifted their economic policies to eco-friendly industries. In this study, we investigate the current status of the renewable energy industry and that of responses to carbon neutrality and PM2.5 (air pollution) in the three major Northeast Asian countries of Japan, Korea, and China, covering changes in the corporate perceptions of Environment, Social, Governance and RE100. In more detail, the three major Northeast Asian countries, referred to as the climate villains in the international community, explain the importance of successful entry into the electric vehicles (EV) industry for a rapid transition to an eco-friendly industry. Moreover, we study the application of lightweight materials for vehicles to improve mileage in the EV industry and technical problems to be solved in the future.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.31-41
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• 2023

Purpose: Electric vehicle (EV) technology started in 2015 in Thailand. The Thai Government has indicated that 30% of all cars produced in Thailand by 2025 will be EVs. Using EVs in Thailand will reduce road pollution and increase energy efficiency, especially in major cities. Hence, the adoption of EVs in the country has been promoted. This study pointed out that social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived enjoyment, environmental concern, attitude, and perceived behavioral control are key factors affecting the behavioral intention to adopt EVs among logistic and distribution firms in Thailand. Research design, data, and methodology: 500 top management, middle management and purchasing managers of logistic and distribution firms in Thailand are surveyed. The study employed judgmental, convenience, and snowball sampling. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) are the main statistical tools for data analysis. Results: The results show that all determinants impact customers' willingness to adopt EVs, except perceived enjoyment and environmental control. Conclusions: The study proposes to promote the incentives by decreasing electricity prices and endorsing EVs purchase to accelerate the adoption of EVs in Thailand. Therefore, future policies should focus on behavioral intention toward EVs amongst logistic and distribution firms for enhancing the future of mobility in Thailand.