• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.219-228
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• 2007

End-to-end path setup and maintenance are very important for mobile ad-hoc wireless communications, because of the mobility and the limited battery capacity of the nodes in the networks. the AODV routing protocol is the one of mary proposed protocols. However, there are route failure problem with the Proposed protocols between intermediate nodes due to such mobility and exhausted battery characteristics, and this is because only the shortest hop count is considered for the route setup. If route failure happens. Problem such as the waste of bandwidth and the increment of the energy consumption occur because of the discarding data packets in the intermediate nodes and the path re-setup process required by the source node. In addition, it obviously causes the network lifetime to be shortened. This paper proposes a routing protocol based on the AODV routing protocol that it makes use of the remaining energy, signal strength and SNR of the MAC layer resources to setup a path.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.341-346
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• 2011

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are formed by a great quantity of sensor nodes, which are consisted of battery-powered and some tiny devices. In WSN, both efficient energy management and Quality of Service (QoS) are important issues for some applications. Real-time services are usually employed to satisfy QoS requirements in critical environment. This paper proposes a real-time MAC (Medium Access Control) protocol with extended backoff scheme for wireless sensor networks. The basic idea of the proposed protocol employs (m,k)-firm constraint scheduling which is to adjust the contention window (CW) around the optimal value for decreasing the dynamic failure and reducing collisions DBP (Distant Based Priority). In the proposed protocol, the scheduling algorithm dynamically assigns uniform transmitting opportunities to each node. Numerical results reveal the effect of the proposed backoff mechanism.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

Radio frequency (RF) jamming is a denial of service attack targeted at wireless networks. In resource-hungry scenarios with constant traffic demand, jamming can create connectivity problems and seriously affect communication. Therefore, the vulnerabilities of wireless networks must be studied. In this study, we investigate a particular type of RF jamming that exploits the semantics of physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) layer protocols. This can be extended to any wireless communication network whose protocol characteristics and operating frequencies are known to the attacker. We propose two efficient jamming techniques: A low-data-rate random jamming and a shot-noise based protocol-aware RF jamming. Both techniques use shot-noise pulses to disrupt ongoing transmission ensuring they are energy efficient, and they significantly reduce the detection probability of the jammer. Further, we derived the tight upper bound on the duration and the number of shot-noise pulses for Wi-Fi, GSM, and WiMax networks. The proposed model takes consider the channel access mechanism employed at the MAC layer, data transmission rate, PHY/MAC layer modulation and channel coding schemes. Moreover, we analyze the effect of different packet sizes on the proposed jamming methodologies. The proposed jamming attack models have been experimentally evaluated for 802.11b networks on an actual testbed environment by transmitting data packets of varying sizes. The achieved results clearly demonstrate a considerable increase in the overall jamming efficiency of the proposed protocol-aware jammer in terms of packet delivery ratio, energy expenditure and detection probabilities over contemporary jamming methods provided in the literature.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.293-296
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 에너지 수확 무선 센서 네트워크에서 버스티 데이터 전송에 효율적인 수신자 기반의 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 에너지 수확 무선 센서 네트워크는 기존의 배터리에 의해 동작하는 센서 네트워크에 비해 태양열과 같은 주변의 환경으로부터 에너지를 수확하여 사용함으로써 전체 네트워크의 수명을 향상시킬 수 있는 장점으로 인하여 많은 연구가 이루어지고 있다. 본 논문에서는 에너지 수확 무선 센서 네트워크에서 데이터 전송에 참여하는 센서 노드의 에너지를 참고하여 비콘(beacon) 주기를 조절하고 수신자(receiver) 비콘에 응답(acknowledgment)신호를 포함시킴으로써 버시티 데이티(bursty data) 전송에 효율적이면서, 센서 노드의 에너지를 절약할 수 있는 MAC 프로토콜을 제안한다. 본 논문에서는 제안된 MAC 프로토콜과 기존에 연구되었던 ODMAC 프로토콜과 에너지 절약 및 버스티 데이터 전송 효율면에서 비교분석한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.10d
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• pp.597-601
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 휴면 지연에 의한 전송지연을 줄이는 효과적인 방법으로 staggered schedule 방식에 기반하여 동작하는 SPEED-MAC 프로토콜을 제안하고자 한다. SPEED-MAC은 이벤트 발생에 따른 정보를 발생사실과 세부정보로 나누어 각각 이벤트 공지 구간과 데이터 전송 구간에 싱크 노드로 전송함으로써 이벤트 발생 사실을 싱크 노드에게 최단시간에 전송할 수 있다. 또한 제어 패킷의 오버헤드를 줄이기 위해 이벤트 공지 구간에서 signal 패킷을 사용함으로써 데이터 패킷을 전송할 때 발생 가능한 충돌을 예측하였고 제어 패킷을 동적으로 사용하여 노드의 에너지 효율성을 추가로 개선할 수 있게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 SPEED-MAC을 MICA MOTE에서 구현하였으며 기존의 MAC 프로토콜에 비하여 메시지 전송 지연시간을 대폭 단축시킬 수 있었으며 또한 저 전력을 구현할 수 있는 것을 확인하였다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.177-185
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• 2008

Research on media access control (MAC) scheme for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) has been mainly focused on energy efficiency improvement, while interest on latency is relatively weak. However, end-to-end latency could be a critical limitation specifically in the multi-hop network such as wireless multimedia sensor networks. In this paper we propose a media access control scheme with distributed transmission power control to Improve end-to-end transmission latency as well as reduce power consumption in multi-hop wireless sensor networks. According to the simulation results, the proposed scheme is turned out to be an energy efficient scheme with improved end-to-end transmission latency.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.118-129
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• 2008

This paper describes an IEEE 802.15.4-based hierarchical sensor network model for a VAWS(Vehicle Approach Warning System) which provides the drivers of vehicles approaching a sharp turn with the information about vehicles approaching the same turn from the opposite end. In the proposed network model, a tree-structured topology, that can prolong the lifetime of network is formed in a self-organizing manner by a topology control protocol. A simple but efficient routing protocol, that creates and maintains routing tables based on the network topology organized by the topology control protocol, transports data packets generated from the sensor nodes to the base station which then forwards it to a display processor. These protocols are designed as a network layer extension to the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC. In the simulation, which models a scenario with a sharp turn, it is shown that the proposed network model achieves a high-level performance in terms of both energy efficiency and throughput simultaneously.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.1223-1247
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• 2012

The need for securing Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) is essential especially in mission critical fields such as military and medical applications. Security techniques that are used to secure any network depend on the security requirements that should be achieved to protect the network from different types of attacks. Furthermore, the characteristics of wireless networks should be taken into consideration when applying security techniques to these networks. In this paper, energy efficient Security Model for Tree-based Routing protocols (SMTR) is proposed. In SMTR, different attacks that could face any tree-based routing protocol in WSNs are studied to design a security reference model that achieves authentication and data integrity using either Message Authentication Code (MAC) or Digital Signature (DS) techniques. The SMTR communication and processing costs are mathematically analyzed. Moreover, SMTR evaluation is performed by firstly, evaluating several MAC and DS techniques by applying them to tree-based routing protocol and assess their efficiency in terms of their power requirements. Secondly, the results of this assessment are utilized to evaluate SMTR phases in terms of energy saving, packet delivery success ratio and network life time.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2007.06a
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• pp.157-158
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.331-333
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• 2005

유비쿼터스 컴퓨팅을 가능하게 해주는 기반기술의 하나인 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크(Ubiquitous Sensor Networks)란, 주변 사물과 환경을 인식하고 네트워크를 통해 실시간 정보를 구축, 활용토록 하는 초소형, 저전력 센서들로 구성된 무선 통신망이라 할 수 있다. 유비쿼터스 센서 네트워크에서의 MAC 프로토콜은 그 특성상 기존의 MAC 프로토콜과는 달리 에너지 사용량을 최소화하여 네트워크 수명을 오랫동안 유지하도록 하는 것이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 센서 네트워크의 수명의 최대화를 고려한 DT (Dynmic-Threshold) MAC프로토콜을 제안한다. DTMAC프로토콜은 각 노드의 버퍼에 임계값을 적용하여 전송 주기를 지연시켜 에너지 절감성을 극대화하게 되며 멀티 홉 환경에서 에너지 절감성의 효과론 더욱 높이기 위해 각 노드의 버퍼에 싱크와의 홉 수에 따른 차등적 임계값을 적용하며, 또한 이로 인해 야기되는 데이터 전송지연 문제를 해결키 위하여 긴급 데이터에 대한 빠른 전송을 보장하는 알고리즘을 포함한다.