• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4783-4790
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• 2016

Purpose: Cancer-related fatigue is frequently experienced by patients during and after therapy. The present study was conducted to assess the impact of energy conservation strategies and health promotion in breast cancer survivors. Methods: A randomized controlled trial was carried out to compare the intervention effect (n=69.0) with controls (n=66.0) based on routine oncology ward care. The intervention was five weekly sessions for groups of 6-8 breast cancer survivors. Data on fatigue and health promotion lifestyle were obtained before and after completion the intervention and then 8 weeks later for analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures. Results: Our findings showed cancer-related fatigue to be reduced in the intervention group from pre- to post-intervention, and this persisted over the 8-weeks follow-up period (F = 69.8, p<0.001). All subscales of the cancer fatigue scale demonstrated statistically significant effects with partial eta-squared values ranging from 0.15 (the smallest effect in cognitive fatigue) to 0.21 (the largest for affective fatigue). Changes in the health promotion life style indicated a significant promotion from pre- to post-intervention, and this again continued after 8-weeks follow-up (F = 41.6, p < 0.001). All six domains of a health promoting life style featured significantly elevated values, the largest effect being seen in the interpersonal relations subscale (F=57.7, partial ${\eta}^2=0.21$, p<0.001) followed by physical activity (F=51.9, partial ${\eta}^2=0.18$, p<0.001). Conclusions: The program was effective in decreasing cancer related fatigue and promoting a healthy lifestyle.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.353-363
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• 2023

The STELLA-2 is a large-scale sodium thermal-hydraulic integral effect test facility and supports the development of PGSFR. The facility adopted Pump Simulation Loop System (PSLS) concept for the mechanical sodium pump in the reference reactor to control and to measure the primary sodium flow. Since the component (mechanical pump) is replaced by the loop, it is very important to evaluate the similarity between the pump and the loop. In this paper, to simulate the characteristic of the mechanical sodium pump, the pressure loss along the various options of the loop was evaluated and the comprehensive validity of each design options was analyzed. Using the similarity criteria based on the Richardson number and Euler number conservation, the PSLS design was finalized and the result was within the acceptable error range. Finally, the result of this study was used for construction of the overall facility, STELLA-2.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.30 no.9 s.252
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• pp.825-833
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• 2006

To investigate the moderator coolability for CANDU-6 reactors, a test facility (HU-KINS) has been manufactured as a 1/8 scaled-down of a calandria tank. In the design of the test facility, a scaling law was developed in such a way to consider the thermal-hydraulic characteristics of a CANDU-6 moderator. The proposed scaling law takes into consideration of the energy conservation, the dynamic similitude such as dimensionless numbers, Archimedes number (Ar) and Reynolds number (Re), and thermal-hydraulic properties similitude. Using this proposed scaling law, the thermal-hydraulic scaling analyses of similar test facilities such as the SPEL (1/10 scale) and the STERN (1/4 scale), have been identified. As a result, in the case of the SPEL, while the energy conservation is well defined, the similarities of Ar and the heat density are not well considered. As for the similarity of the STERN, while both the energy conservation and the characteristics of Ar are well defined, the heat density is not. In the meanwhile, the HU-KINS test facility with 1/8 length scaled-down is well similitude in compliance with all similarities of the energy conservation, the fluid dynamics and thermal-hydraulic properties. To verify the adequacy of the similarities in terms of thermal-hydraulics, a computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis has been conducted using the CFX-5 code. As the results of the CFD analyses, the predicted flow patterns and variation of axial properties inside the calandria tank are well consistant with those of previous studies performed with FLUENT and this implies that the present scaling method is acceptable.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.240-246
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• 2022

Water and energy are inextricably linked and referred to as 'Water-Energy Nexus'. Recently, this topic has been drawing a lot of attention from various studies due to the exacerbated water availability. Korea's water and energy consumption has been increasing consistently, which calls for better management. This paper aims to identify changes in electricity consumption in relation to water intake and purification processes. Using Log Mean Divisia Index (LMDI) Decomposition Analysis method, this study attributes the changes to major factors such as; Total population (population effect), household/population (structure effect), GDP/household (economic effect), and water-related energy use/GDP (unit effect). The population effect, structure effect, and economic effect contributed to an increase in water-related electricity consumption, while the unit effect contributed to a decrease. As of 2019, the economic effect increased the water supply sector's electricity consumption by 534 GWh, the population effect increased by 73 GWh, and the structure effect increased by 243 GWh. In contrast, the unit effect decreased the electricity consumption by -461 GWh. We would like to make the following suggestions based on the findings of this study; first, the unit effect must be improved by increasing the energy efficiency of water intake and purification plants and installing renewable energy power generation facilities. Second, the structure effect is expected to increase over time, and to mitigate it, water consumption must be reduced through water conservation policies and the improvement of water facilities. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to be used as foundational data for integrated water and energy management.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Of all the ways that energy is consumed within textile industry, few are as high energy-expending as dyeing process. The energy consumption in dyeing process amounts to 77% of total fuel consumption, 54% of total electricity use. A technical development in terms of efficient saving energy and time as well is required in the process of dyeing textiles. Recently, dyeing experts are investigating new technologies can conserve energy grafting into microwaves, radio waves, infrared lights, etc. Dyeing industry in Korea, however, the research related to energy conservation has been rarely conducted. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the possibility where especially microwaves could be applied to reduce the energy use and enhance dyeing process skill. This study performs the experiment in which microwave is employed as heating condition in dyeing and figures out as color yield being promoted, bathochromic effect would be achieved. Applying microwaves in dyeing process is expected to lower the carbon emission, energy and time wasted, ultimately exalt economic efficiency.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.9
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• pp.3551-3566
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• 2022

The STELLA program was launched to support the PGSFR development in 2012 and for the 2nd stage, the STELLA-2 facility was designed to investigate the integral effect of safety systems including the comprehensive interaction among PHTS, IHTS and DHRS. In STELLA-2, the long-term transient behavior after accidents can be observed and the overall safety aspect can also be evaluated. In this paper, the basic design concept from engineering basis to specific design is described. The design was aimed to meet similarity criteria and requirements based on various non-dimensional numbers and the result satisfied the key features to explain the reasoning of safety evaluation. The result of this study was used to construct the facility and the experiment is on-going. In general, the final design meets the similarity criteria of the multidimensional physics inside the reactor pool. And also, for the conservation of natural circulation phenomena, the design meets the similarity requirements of geometry and thermo-dynamic behavior.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2002

This paper proposed the calculation method of the generation operating avoided cost to cost-effectiveness evaluation of energy conservation programs that compounded the Proxy Plant Method and Load Decrement Method. This method introduced an operating index of the Energy Efficiency Demand-Side Management (EEDSM) resources based on the end-user's behaviors on the electricity power usage. The operation index is applied to calculate the hourly operating capacity of diffused high-efficiency appliances. And the operating capacity on the peak load hours for reference load is computed through the reduction of the peak load that contributes to that hour. Also, the proposed method evaluated the effect of EEDSM resources. The IEEE-RTS is adopted as a sample system to analyze impacts of an EEDSM. This paper, we have analyzed the effect of EEDSM upon the changes in the generation of generator, generation cost and the system marginal price (SMP). This method can be used to evaluate the impact of the diffused DSM resource and to estimate the impact in short-term EEDSM program. Further, result of the calculation can be utilized to pabulum for effect analysis of EEDSM resources.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.102-113
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to devise proper plans for sustainable energy management in schools through applying school eco-audit to energy field. This study is performed by literature review and the analysis of case study. This study analyzes the energy-saving model school according to the three cores of eco-audit such as school administration system, teaching-learning method, and ecological policy, and the result of the study is as followings. First, according to the analysis of school administration system for energy education programs, the participation of all the school staff is very low, and the democratic decision-making system is unsatisfactory. Second, according to the analysis of teaching-learning method, the program is mainly managed by teacher-oriented method not by learner-oriented one. The effect on the education of energy-saving program is a little improved in cognitive area, but is insufficient in affective area. Third, in the aspect of the ecological policy, the practical energy-saving effect in schools is unsatisfactory, and shows the difficulty of continuing application of the program. Consequently, it is desirable to integrate the energy-saving program with the eco-audit for sustainable energy management in schools. Implementation of the energy eco-audit in schools for the sustainable development education as teaching-learning method could achieve extended effect for the earth environmental conservation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.11
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• pp.4322-4328
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• 2022

The two-fluid model is widely used to describe two-phase flows in complex systems such as nuclear reactors. Although the two-phase flow was successfully simulated, the standard two-fluid model suffers from an ill-posed nature. There are several remedies for the ill-posedness of the one-dimensional (1D) two-fluid model; among those, artificial viscosity is the focus of this study. Some previous works added artificial diffusion terms to both mass and momentum equations to render the two-fluid model well-posed and demonstrated that this method provided a numerically converging model. However, they did not consider mass conservation, which is crucial for analyzing a closed reactor system. In fact, the total mass is not conserved in the previous models. This study improves the artificial viscosity model such that the 1D incompressible two-fluid model is well-posed, and the total mass is conserved. The water faucet and Kelvin-Helmholtz instability flows were simulated to test the effect of the proposed artificial viscosity model. The results indicate that the proposed artificial viscosity model effectively remedies the ill-posedness of the two-fluid model while maintaining a negligible total mass error.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

The goal of this study is to retrofit the windows of residential buildings and to activate the green remodeling by verifying energy saving and indoor thermal environment. As a result of analysis of the energy saving effect of 458 units window retrofits, it was possible to reduce the energy requirement by 48.20% ~ 54.97%. According to the improvement on indoor environment, it was possible to operate by reducing heating temperature and supply time. The actual gas consumption of the heating period was reduced by 25% compared with that of the window retarder to save 28,968 thousand won of heating energy cost. Resident's satisfaction surveys were conducted one year after window retrofit. More than 80% of the respondents answered that they satisfied the improvement on window performance, indoor thermal environment and indoor sound environment. As a result, we verified the energy saving effect and the improvement on the indoor environment through window retrofits.