• KIEAE Journal
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2015

This study aimed to develop a design manual to be used during the initial stage of the nearly Zero Energy Building (nZEB) design process. Recently, with the increased demand for nZEBs, there are many architects and architectural firms who are becoming interested in nZEB design. However, since the nZEB design process requires a different approach to the conventional building design process, architects have difficulties with application of the nZEB design process in their projects. Therefore, a design manual which can be used in the nZEB design process was developed in this study. Based on an intensive literature review, energy-saving strategies and their performance levels, which affect heating and cooling energy consumptions were established for a reference building. To analyze the sensitivity of each energy strategy to the overall performance, computer simulations using EnergyPlus were performed. At the same time, an Analysis of Variance assessment was conducted to estimate the relative importance of each energy factor. The energy sensitivity and priority of the energy factors was developed into a set of design guidelines.

• 에너지공학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.512-518
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• 1999

본 논문은 각종 보조운전설비가 연계된 제지공장용 열병합발전시스템의 합리적인 운전계획을 수립하는 기법을 제시하였다. 보조운전설비로서는 보조보일러, 폐열보일러 및 슬러지 소각로가 있으며, 이 설비들이 다기 열병합발전시스템과 연계하여 운전되고 있다. 최적운전계획은 특히 환경을 고려하기 위해 목적함수에 환경요소를 추가하여 수립하였다. 전력은 구매할수있도록 전력회사와 연계되어 운전된다. 본 논문에서 제시한 최적운전계획기법은 제지공장의 에너지이용률을 향상시키는데 기여할 것으로 사료된다.

• 동력기계공학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2015

In Korea, multi-housing in one of the most common types of residential space due to its easy management and convenience. In particular, south-facing plate-type(一) multi-housing has attracted a great deal of public interest because it consumes less energy compared with other types of multi-housing, making it advantageous from an energy-saving perspective. Although there have been many studies on the annual energy consumption of multi-housing in relation to building shape and area of window, there have not been sufficient research on the annual energy consumption of multi-housing in relation to individual units of the multi-housing. The purpose of this study is to propose a strategy for reducing energy consumption in plate-type(一) multi-housing, taking the units with the lowest energy consumption as the standard. The result, Standard Models's energy load was as 4000 ~ 5600kWh, and Passive Houses's energy load was less than Stand Models at the 1600kWh.

• 국제초고층학회논문집
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.105-115
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• 2016

In the process of exploring sustainable development, major cities in China are expanding metro systems as a strategy to reduce the negative environmental and social consequences of fast-paced motorization. A metro station is not only a transportation node, but also a place where diverse activities can be performed. Therefore, the realization of the spatial potential for human interaction is the essence of the strategy for integrated development in metro station areas. For this paper, 10 well-developed metro stations in Central Shanghai were selected to investigate the correlation between accessibility and spatial performance in station areas. The spatial performance in station areas is significantly affected by metro configuration. However, both vehicle and pedestrian accessibility show weak influence on spatial performance. A synergistic model was then developed to provide quantitative support for transit-oriented development in metro station areas.

• 에너지공학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2015

중앙집중식 냉방 시스템을 적용하고 있는 대형 빌딩이나 플랜트 설비들의 경우 부하 증설 및 피크부하에 대응하기 위한 여유율을 반영한 설비 설계 및 시공이 이루어지고 있다. 이는 부분부하가 걸리는 기간 동안에는 설비의 저부하 운전으로 인한 장비의 효율 저하와 에너지 과소비의 원인이 된다. 본 연구는 부분부하에 효율적으로 대응할 수 있도록 냉방플랜트 최적 유량제어를 통한 에너지 절감 방안에 대한 연구로서 냉방플랜트 에너지 성능 분석 프로그램을 이용하여 냉방 부하를 분석하고, 최적 유량제어 시스템을 제안하여 그 에너지 성능을 비교 평가하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 성능 분석 결과 냉방플랜트 최적 유량제어 시스템 적용 시 기존 에너지 사용량 대비 약 17%의 전기에너지 절감이 가능하였다.

• 토지주택연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.27-34
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 그린 홈의 보급확대와 평가기법 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 구체적으로는 기 조사된 실측 데이터를 기본으로 시뮬레이션 결과 값의 보간 및 설비시스템의 교체에 따른 효과 검토를 통하여 에너지 절감량 및 이산화탄소 배출 삭감량 평가 프로그램을 개발하였다. 또한, 그린 홈의 보급확대에 따른 비용 검토를 통하여 그린홈을 건설하는 사업자에게는 지방세법 개정에 따른 취등록세 감면 등의 지원대책을 수립하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.3529-3550
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• 2016

In heterogeneous networks (HetNets), energy saving is vital for a sustainable network development. Many techniques, such as spectrum allocation, network planning, etc., are used to improve the network energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, micro BSs utilizing cell range expansion (CRE) and spectrum allocation are considered in multi-channel heterogeneous networks to improve EE. Hotspot region is assumed to be covered by micro BSs which can ensure that the hotspot capacity is greater than the average demand of hotspot users. The expressions of network energy efficiency are derived under shared, orthogonal and hybrid subchannel allocation schemes, respectively. Particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to solve the optimal ratio of subchannel allocation in orthogonal and hybrid schemes. Based on the results of the optimal analysis, we propose three service control strategies on the basis of large-scale user behaviors, i.e., adjust micro cell rang expansion (AmCRE), adjust micro BSs density (AmBD) and adjust micro BSs transmit power (AmBTP). Both theoretical and simulation results show that using shared subchannel allocation scheme in AmBD strategies can obtain maximal EE with a very small area ratio. Using orthogonal subchannel allocation scheme in AmCRE strategies can obtain maximal EE when area ratio is larger. Using hybrid subchannel allocation scheme in AmCRE strategies can obtain maximal EE when area ratio is large enough. No matter which service control strategy is used, orthogonal spectrum scheme can obtain the maximal hotspot user rates.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.109-114
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• 2009

The dominant heating system used in Korean residential apartment buildings is a hydronic radiant floor heating system, known as the Ondol system. The most common control strategy applied to this traditional hydronic radiant system is a simple on-off control that intermittently supplies "hot water of a fixed temperature" at a "constant flow rate" to each room. However, the current problems with the aforementioned control are as follows: (1) since the simple on-off control is usually based on a one point measured temperature (a signal from a thermostat installed in a living room) in each dwelling unit, heating energy use for unoccupied rooms as well as a difference in temperatures between spaces (master bedroom, living room, bedroom1, bedroom2) can occur occasionally. (2) the most widely used residential water splitter has static valves, and is thus not able to change the flow rate to each room depending on the space heating load. In other words, the ratio of flow rates to rooms is fixed after construction, resulting in over- or under-heating and an improper use of energy. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate the differences in the system's performance between control strategies in terms of the flow rate control and sensor location. It is shown that energy savings of control strategies are strongly influenced by occupant schedule.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2010

This study purports to investigate the status quo of the environmentally-friendly green healthcare in teaching hospitals through the questionnaire survey. Data were collected from a total of 46 hospitals. The survey results revealed that most teaching hospitals did not meet the global standard of environmentally-friendly green hospitals. Especially, such items as alternative energy system, water recycling, CO2 emission reduction, green building construction, installation of pond or spring were found to be significantly below global standard. Based upon the study results, various strategies for establishing green hospitals were discussed. For example, energy saving design, such as solar heating, natural wind cooling, automatic temperature controller, green material use, wall surrounded by ivy, were recommended. In conclusion, the strategy and evaluation tool developed in the study will provide a good guide for establishing environmentally-friendly green hospitals.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2019

The energy balance (EB) model of a primary side regulation (PSR) fly-back converter in the discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) is discussed in this paper. Based on this EB model, the stability of a PSR fly-back converter in the pulse skipping mode (PSM) is analyzed, and a self-adapting modulation factor control strategy is proposed. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that by saving an optocoupler and correlative circuits, which are necessary in traditional PSM fly-back converters, the modulation factor tolerance controlled by this method is 1.26% on average, corresponding to the ideal value. Compared with traditional fly-back PSM controllers, the power saved in the sampler/comparator modules is 87% on average for a load range of $1{\Omega}$ to $1k{\Omega}$.