• 설비공학논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2017

Recently, energy recovery ventilators (ERVs) have been installed for energy saving in many multi-residential buildings in Korea. The performance of the heat exchanger of an ERV is analyzed in this study under specific indoor and outdoor conditions in a test-cell measurement. However, the performance of the heat exchanger varies according to the indoor and outdoor condition. In this study, the performance of energy recovery of the ventilation system was therefore analyzed in actual weather conditions using field measurement. Experiments were conducted under winter conditions in a multi-residential building for 20 days. Based on the measurement results, the characteristics of sensible heat and latent heat exchange rates were analyzed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is on identifying the function of ground temperature arrangement of village grove. Case study was accomplished at Hacho village grove in Jinan-gun, Jeonbuk province. Hacho village grove was the largest grove of all and most formal grove in Jinan region. So ground temperature of outside and inside of Hacho village grove were measured from March to October in 2001. And comparative review about difference between outside and inside of village grove was accomplished. Our ancestors, in spite of orient and occident, have made a settlement in consideration of climatic conditions. We have to team from past pattern and add modern scientific technology. So traditional wisdom and wise planning process must be considered in order to create qualitative residential environment in present through natural elements. It is identified that in winter, the inner side ground temperature is higher than outside one of that and in summer, in contrary, the inner side one of that is lower than outside one of that. So it is identified that Macho village grove breaks winds and reduce the heating energy in winter, it reduces ground temperature and reduces cooling energy very well in summer. It is identified that village grove reduce ground temperature in summer better than any other season. It is identified that in summer, the effect of maintaining constant temperature is also better than my other season. So it is identified that village grove stabilize most changeable outside temperature in inside of that.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.39-53
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• 2007

Unlike conventional roof landscaping, where various kinds of plants and structures are employed, a grass roof is a roof on which herbaceous plants are grown in planting medium and which is not accessed or maintained, mainly because it doesn't have sufficient load capacity to support a regular roof garden. They are mostly built on existing roofs, whether flat slab or gabled. Planting on roofs has numerous advantages, such as creating a biotope, purifying urban air, adding moisture to the atmosphere, storing rain water, preventing flash floods, reducing energy use for heating and air conditioning, enhancing the urban landscape and providing relaxation to the city dwellers, not to mention the alleviation of global warming by absorbing $CO_2$. In addition to the general merits of roof planting, the grass roof has its own unique qualities. Only herbaceous species are planted on the roof, resulting in light weight which allows roofs of existing buildings to be planted without structural reinforcement. The species chosen are mostly short, tough perennials that don't need to be maintained. These conditions provide an ideal situation where massive planting can be done in urban areas where roofs are often the only and definitely the largest space available to be planted. If roofs are planted on a massive scale they can play a significant role in alleviating global warming, heat island effects and energy shortages. Despite the advantages of grass roofs, there are some problems. The most significant problem is the invasion of neighboring plants. They may be brought in with the planting medium, by birds or by wind. These plants have little aesthetic value comparing to the chosen species and are usually taller. Eventually they dominate and prevail over the original species. The intended planting design disappears and the roof comes to look wild. Since the primary value of a grass roof is ecological, a change in attitude towards what constitutes beauty on the roofscape is necessary. Instead of keeping the roof neat through constant maintenance, people must learn that the wild grass with bird's nests on their roof is more beautiful as it is.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권3호
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• pp.311-318
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• 2009

본 연구는 GIS를 이용하여 산림 바이오 에너지에 대한 공급 및 수요의 잠재량을 파악하고, 잠재지도 제작을 목적으로 하였다. 산림이 많고, 지리적으로 같은 위치에 해당하는 강원도 영동 지방 4개 시군(고성군, 양양군, 강릉시, 삼척시)을 연구 지역으로 선정하였으며, 수치 임상도의 임상과 영급정보, 통계연보의 가구수 정보를 GIS 자료 형태로 전환한 후 산림 바이오에너지의 잠재된 공급량과 수요량을 파악하였다. 숲가꾸기사업 계획을 기초로 가구수를 고려한 수요대비 잠재적 공급가능량은 약 3,144 Tcal로써, 시군단위에 상관없이 초과공급이 가능한 것으로 나타났으나, 강원도의 평균 수집률인 10%를 고려하면, 시의 경우 6%, 군은 15% 공급 가능한 것으로 나타났다. 한편, 수집률 변화에 따른 공급가능성을 비교한 결과, 60% 이상인 경우, 초과공급이 가능한 지역이 발생하였다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.139-153
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• 2014

본 연구는 지리산 유람록 23편을 대상으로 하여 문인들이 인식한 이상향의 경관을 고찰하였다. 그 결과 문장 속에 묘사된 '무릉도원(武陵桃源)', '별천지(別天地)', '동천(洞天)', '청학동', 그리고 '은거지'라는 다섯 가지 키워드를 지리산 이상향의 유형으로 이해하고, 이들의 경관 특성을 다음과 같이 정리하였다. 문인들이 꿈꾼 지리산의 '무릉도원'은 신비감을 주는 깊은 산속, 협곡 안에 마련된 넓고 평평한 터, 감나무와 밤나무 등 향토식생, 닭과 소 등 생리(生利)를 만족시키는 토속경관이 반영된 이상향이다. '별유천지(別有天地)'의 '별천지'는 선경(仙境)과 승경 개념이 결합된 이상향이다. 또한 문인들은 은일에 적합한 위요된 지형 구조를 가진 곳에 이름을 붙이거나 일정한 영역의 승경지를 한정하는 개념으로 '동천'을 사용하였다. 지리산에 설정된 '청학동'은 불일암 일대 협곡과 불일폭포로 이루어진 수석(水石)경관, 소나무와 대나무 등 식생경관을 토대로 하여 최치원의 설화와 바위글씨로 전승되었다. 문인들은 지리산에서 배산임수형 지세, 교역 가능한 하천, 대숲으로 위요된 평평한 토지, 유실수 위주의 식생, 아름다운 산수를 갖춘 마을을 지상에 실현된 이상향으로 인지하였다. 이것은 대자연 안에서 적당하게 노동하며 사는 인간 세상의 모습과 같다. 살펴본 바와 같이 본 연구는 조선시대 문인들의 유산(遊山) 문화와 이상향의 관련성, 그리고 선계(仙界)로 인식한 지리산의 여건을 파악하고, 중국에서 전래된 개념부터 토착화된 현실적 이상향까지 다양한 전통적 이상향을 설명하였다는 점에서 의의를 가진다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.109-119
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• 2021

Thermal environment of city is getting worse due to severe urban heat island caused by climate change and urbanization. Green roof improves the urban thermal environment and save the cooling energy in buildings. This study presented a green roof combined with a storage system that stores rain-water and supplies water through a wick and evaluated the temperature reduction effect as surface temperature and amount of evapotranspiration. For about a week, the surface temperature using a infrared thermal imager and the evapotranspiration by recording change of module weight were measured at intervals of 30 minutes from sunrise to sunset. The results show that the mean surface temperature of the green roof was 15.4 degrees lower than that of the non-green roof from 12:00 P.M. to 14:00 P.M. There was no significant difference between mean surface temperature of green roof with and without storage system immediately after rain, but more than a week after rain, there was a difference with average of 2.49 degrees and maximum of 4.72 degrees. The difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration was measured to be 1.66 times on average. As drought stress increased over time, the difference in daily amount of evapotranspiration and surface temperature between with/without storage system increased simultaneously. The results of the study show a more excellent cooling effect of green roof combined with the rainwater storage system.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2021

Green facade has a significant impact on building's energy performance by controlling the absorption of solar radiation and improving outdoor thermal comfort through shading and evapotranspiration. In particular, since high-density building does not enough green space, green facade, and rooftop greening using artificial ground plants are highly utilized. However, the level of cooling effect according to plant traits and irrigation control is different. Therefore, in this study, the cooling effect analyzed for a total of 4 cases by controlling the irrigation condition based on hedera and spurge. Although hedera under sufficient water had the highest cooling effect(-2℃~-4℃), had the lowest cooling effect under non-irrigation(+1.1℃~+4.4℃). In addition, hedera under sufficient water had cooling effect than hedera under non-irrigation(-1℃~-8.1℃) and in the case of spurge, it had cooling effect(-0.3℃~-7.8℃) more than non-irrigation. As a result of measuring the amount of transpiration according to the light intensity (PAR) and carbon dioxide concentration conditions, transpiration of hedera was higher than the spurge (respectively 0.63204mmolm^-2s^-1, 0.674367mmolm^-2s^-1). The difference in the cooling effect of the green facade under irrigation condition was significant. But the potential cooling effect of green facade according to plants species was different. Therefore, in order to maximize and continuously provide the cooling effect of green facade in urban areas, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of plants and the control of water supply through the irrigation system.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.75-78
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• 2003

This study is conducted to examine the solar radiation features of landscape in Eastern Mongolia and their space and time distribution characteristics. To many foreigners, the name Mongolia conjures up images of the vast steppes of Central Asia. And, indeed, the extensive grasslands of the steppe make up the heart of Mongolia-geographically and economically. Steppe covers nearly the entire far eastern part of Mongolia, extending west in a narrowing band just south of the Khangai and Khan Khokhii mountains all the way to the Depression of the Great lakes. Eastern Mongolia is recognized as one of the last remaining untouched grassland steppes in the world. Landscape of Eastern Mongolia divided by 19 types that belongs to High Mountain, Middle Mountain and low mountain steppe. Only 5.6% of the total land area is covered by forest. Eastern Mongolian steppe is homeland of migratory rare and endangered birds and about 2.0million freely migrating gazelles. According to Mongolian scientists, there is growing evidence of fundamental changes in the Eastern steppe ecosystems in terms of increasing aridity during the last 70 years. As estimated average annual temperature has increased by approximately 0.7oC, soil moisture, energy supply has been changing. These processes closely interrelated into water and energy cycle of steppe ecosystem.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

Recently, new concept and paradigm of 'Environmentally-Friendless' is taking a growing interest in environmental planning and design. This study is to develop the new approach of sustainable development, and to establish the indicators for environmentally-friendliness of "Tourism Farms" in rural areas. A questionnaire survey was conducted for deputy manager group and expert group. The environmentally-friendliness of tourism farms is composed of three categories, conservation of global environment(Low Impact), friendliness to surrounding nature(High Contact), and environmental health and amenities (Health '||'&'||' Amenity). Four indicators, such as saving of energy and water resource, reduction and reuse of garbage, natural purification of sewage disposal, and utilization of natural energy, were affecting the first category, i.e., conservation of global environment(Low Impact). And, friendliness to surrounding nature (High Contact) is affected by 3 indicators, such as contact to nature and diverse green areas, water intimate '||'&'||' contact areas, and natural ecology observation by biotope. Finally, the dimension of environmental health and amenity is affected by 3 indicators, such as nature affinity by farming experience, environmental-friendliness of soil '||'&'||' crops by organic farming, campaign and education programs of environmentally-friendliness. From the result of Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA) for 10 indicators, environmentally-friendliness was recommended as 'Concentrate Here'. And, the content validity of 10 indicators for 3 categories was examined by factor analysis. The result showed as the same as hypothetical model, which proved the validity of hypothetical model.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.38-47
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• 2000

Carbon dioxide is a major greenhouse gas causing climate change. This study quantified annual direct and indirect uptake of carbon by urban greenspace, and annual carbon release from vegetation maintenance and fossil fuel consumption. The study area was whole Chuncheon and Kangleung, and also two districts of Kangnam and Junglang in Seoul, cities located in middle Korea. Carbon uptake by urban greenspace played an important role through offsetting carbon release by 6-7% annually in Chuncheon and Kangleung. For Kangnam and Junglang, where the population density was relatively higher, urban greenspace annually offset carbon release by 1-2%. Future possible tree plantings could double annual carbon uptake by existing trees in urban lands (except natural and agricultural lands) of a study city. Based on study results, planning and management guidelines for urban greenspace were suggested to save energy and to reduce atmospheric $CO_2$ concentrations. They included selection of optimum tree species, proper planting location from buildings, design of multilayered planting, amendment of existing regulations for greenspace enlargement, avoidance f intensive vegetation maintenance, and conservation of natural vegetation.