• 제목/요약/키워드: Energy Functions

검색결과 1,562건 처리시간 0.026초

In silico annotation of a hypothetical protein from Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e unfolds a toxin protein of the type II secretion system

  • Maisha Tasneem;Shipan Das Gupta;Monira Binte Momin;Kazi Modasser Hossain;Tasnim Binta Osman;Fazley Rabbi
    • Genomics & Informatics
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.7.1-7.11
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    • 2023
  • The gram-positive bacterium Listeria monocytogenes is an important foodborne intracellular pathogen that is widespread in the environment. The functions of hypothetical proteins (HP) from various pathogenic bacteria have been successfully annotated using a variety of bioinformatics strategies. In this study, a HP Imo0888 (NP_464414.1) from the Listeria monocytogenes EGD-e strain was annotated using several bioinformatics tools. Various techniques, including CELLO, PSORTb, and SOSUIGramN, identified the candidate protein as cytoplasmic. Domain and motif analysis revealed that the target protein is a PemK/MazF-like toxin protein of the type II toxin-antitoxin system (TAS) which was consistent with BLASTp analysis. Through secondary structure analysis, we found the random coil to be the most frequent. The Alpha Fold 2 Protein Structure Prediction Database was used to determine the three-dimensional (3D) structure of the HP using the template structure of a type II TAS PemK/MazF family toxin protein (DB ID_AFDB: A0A4B9HQB9) with 99.1% sequence identity. Various quality evaluation tools, such as PROCHECK, ERRAT, Verify 3D, and QMEAN were used to validate the 3D structure. Following the YASARA energy minimization method, the target protein's 3D structure became more stable. The active site of the developed 3D structure was determined by the CASTp server. Most pathogens that harbor TAS create a crucial risk to human health. Our aim to annotate the HP Imo088 found in Listeria could offer a chance to understand bacterial pathogenicity and identify a number of potential targets for drug development.

On the effect of porosity on the shear correction factors of functionally graded porous beams

  • Ben Abdallah Medjdoubi;Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari;Mohamed Sadoun;Aicha Bessaim;Ahmed Amine Daikh;Mohamed-Ouejdi Belarbi;Abdelhak Khechai;Aman Garg;Mofareh Hassan Ghazwani
    • Coupled systems mechanics
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    • 제12권3호
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    • pp.199-220
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    • 2023
  • This article presents a new analytical model to study the effect of porosity on the shear correction factors (SCFs) of functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). For this analysis, uneven and logarithmic-uneven porosity functions are adopted to be distributed through the thickness of the FGP beams. Critical to the application of this theory is a determination of the correction factor, which appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant; to compensate for the assumption that the shear strain is uniform through the depth of the cross-section. Using the energy equivalence principle, a general expression is derived from the static SCFs in FGPB. The resulting expression is consistent with the variationally derived results of Reissner's analysis when the latter are reduced from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional one (beam). A convenient algebraic form of the solution is presented and new study cases are given to illustrate the applicability of the present formulation. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effect of the porosity distribution on the (SCFs) for various FGPBs. Further, the law of changing the mechanical properties of FG beams without porosity and the SCFare numerically validated by comparison with some available results.

Postmodern Animality and Spectrality: Ted Hughes's Wodwo and Crow

  • Park, Jung Pil
    • 영어영문학
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    • 제58권6호
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    • pp.1143-1165
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    • 2012
  • Tinted with ontological concern, Ted Hughes passes through an existential climate, eventually confirms death( or nothingness) as the new foundation of his poetry, and explores the various paradoxical effects of nothingness. Nihilism, fraught with rather negative and traumatic themes such as death, melancholy, and despair can, however, generate being (even in multiple modes), animalistic vitality, and insubstantial specters. Among these new functions of nothingness animality and spectrality are the most notable in Hughes's poetry. A considerable number of animals and bioorganisms that Hughes introduces exhibit the enormous energy derived from the dignity of death, from subversive challenges against the established hierarchy, and from new and dynamic multifaceted sources of nothingness. In other words, Hughes's animals, yield surplus power beyond themselves, as if they are demi-gods; in short, they feature the sublime as unidentified terrifying effects of nothingness. In a sense, animality means allowing some level of violence without legal sanction. Hughes inaugurates this kind of all bigotry-eradicating violence and attempts to subvert higher beings such as humans and gods, and existing doctrines: thrushes rise up against the animal and human worlds; a rush of ghostly crabs at night press through the human world. Hughes also resists the highest being, God, employing the technique of rewriting God's theology. Dirty, anomalous crows attack, subvert, and dismember the delicate, indurate, and thorough system of logos. Hughes, of course, does not place the animals merely in lofty regard, aware of the ulterior deprivation of the sublime animality, the trace of existential negativity. Thus, a seemingly omnipotent crow can become a mere beggar guzzling ice cream from the garbage bin on the beach. In addition, the violent and dignified aspects of nothingness can be transformed to reveal the thin and trivial traits as unreliable specters. Dark, heavy, and terrible nullity lessens its own volume and mass, and exposes the airy waves of shadows or specters. However, owing to nullity's untraceable track, the scarcity and unfamiliarity of the phantoms inversely display their foreign gigantic effects such as fantasy and violence.

IoT 단말 인증 시스템 구현 (Implement IoT device Authentication System)

  • 강동연;전지수;한성화
    • 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국정보통신학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.344-345
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    • 2022
  • 스마트 팜이나 스마트 해양, 스마트 홈, 스마트 에너지 등 많은 분야에서 IoT 기술을 사용하고 있다. 이러한 IoT 서비스에는 다양한 IoT 단말이 이용된다. 여기서 IoT 단말은 물리적으로 다양한 장소에 설치된다. 악의적 공격자는 인가되지 않은 IoT device를 사용하여 IoT 서비스 접근하여, 인가되지 않은 중요 정보에 접근 후 이를 변조할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 IoT 서비스에서 사용하는 IoT device의 단말 인증 시스템을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 IoT device 인증 시스템은 IoT device에 탑재된 인증 모듈과 IoT 서버의 인증 모듈로 구성된다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 IoT device 인증 기능을 사용하면, 인가된 IoT Device만 서비스에 접근할 수 있으며 인가되지 않은 IoT device의 접근을 차단할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기본적인 IoT device 인증 메커니즘만을 제안하므로, 보안 강도에 따른 추가적인 IoT device 인증 기능의 추가 연구가 필요하다.

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An Investigation of Interfacial Strength in Epoxy-based Solid Polymer Electrolytes for Structural Composite Batteries

  • Mohamad A. Raja;Su Hyun Lim;Doyun Jeon;Hyunsoo Hong;Inyeong Yang;Sanha Kim;Seong Su Kim
    • Composites Research
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    • 제36권6호
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    • pp.416-421
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    • 2023
  • Multifunctional composite materials capable of both load-carrying and energy functions are promising innovative candidates for the advancement of contemporary technologies owing to their relative feasibility, cost-effectiveness, and optimized performance. Carbon fiber (CF)-based structural batteries utilize the graphitic inherent structure to enable the employment of carbon fibers as electrodes, current collectors, and reinforcement, while the matrix system is an ion-conduction and load transfer medium. Although it is possible to enhance performance through the modification of constituents, there remains a need for a systematic design methodology scheme to streamline the commercialization of structural batteries. In this work, a bi-phasic epoxy-based ionic liquid (IL) modified structural battery electrolyte (SBE) was developed via thermally initiated phase separation. The polymer's morphological, mechanical, and electrochemical characteristics were studied. In addition, the interfacial shear strength (IFSS) between CF/SBE was investigated via microdroplet tests. The results accentuated the significance of considering IFSS and matrix plasticity in designing composite structural batteries. This approach is expected to lay the foundation for realizing smart structures with optimized performance while minimizing the need for extensive trial and error, by paving the way for a streamlined computational design scheme in the future.

Shear correction factors of a new exponential functionally graded porous beams

  • Mohammed Sid Ahmed Houari;Aicha Bessaim;Tarek Merzouki;AhmedAmine Daikh;Aman Garg;Abdelouahed Tounsi;Mohamed A. Eltaher;Mohamed-Ouejdi Belarbi
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제89권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2024
  • This article introduces a novel analytical model for examining the impact of porosity on shear correction factors (SCFs) in functionally graded porous beams (FGPB). The study employs uneven and logarithmic-uneven modified porosity-dependent power-law functions, which are distributed throughout the thickness of the FGP beams. Additionally, a modified exponential-power law function is used to estimate the effective mechanical properties of functionally graded porous beams. The correction factor plays a crucial role in this analysis as it appears as a coefficient in the expression for the transverse shear stress resultant. It compensatesfor the assumption that the shear strain is uniform across the depth of the cross-section. By applying the energy equivalence principle, a general expression for static SCFs in FGPBs is derived. The resulting expression aligns with the findings obtained from Reissner's analysis, particularly when transitioning from the two-dimensional case (plate) to the one-dimensional case (beam). The article presents a convenient algebraic form of the solution and provides new case studies to demonstrate the practicality of the proposed formulation. Numerical results are also presented to illustrate the influence of porosity distribution on SCFs for different types of FGPBs. Furthermore, the article validates the numerical consistency of the mechanical property changesin FG beams without porosity and the SCF by comparing them with available results.

스마트팜의 발전과정과 유형별 사례 조사 - 한국과 일본의 사례를 중심으로 - (A Study on the Growth Process and Cases Type of Smart Farm - Focused on the Case of Korea and Japan -)

  • 남윤철
    • 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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    • 제26권2호
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2024
  • The city is developing into a smart city. Smart villages and smart farms are developing in rural areas. Architectural technology needs synergy with smart cities, smart villages, and smart factories (intelligent factories) to help architectural experts understand smart farms and build facilities and equipment. Smart farms require design and construction technology with architectural structure and function. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status and cases of smart farms in Korea and to investigate cases abroad. The conclusion is as follows. ① Smart farms are developing rapidly. The Korean government is expanding smart farms by utilizing ICT technology and infrastructure. ② 'Smart Farm Innovation Valley', which has been promoted since 2018, is a cutting-edge convergence cluster industrial complex that integrates production, education, and research functions such as start-ups and technological innovation. ③ In domestic cases, smart farms are operated in subway stations, buildings, supermarkets, and restaurants. ④ In the Japanese case, a dome-type smart farm was being operated. It utilized factory wastewater, waste heat, renewable energy, and used new materials. Otemachi Ranch raised livestock and provided a lounge on the 13th floor of the building. ⑤ In the cases of Korea and Japan, the smart farm technology is very similar. As stated earlier, since the food culture and agricultural technology of both countries are similar, we hope to promote the development of smart farms that can reduce concerns about future food by communicating and sharing mutual technologies.

Correlation between sodium intake and obesity with related factors among Koreans: a cross-sectional study on dietary intake and eating habits

  • Ji-Sook Park;Hina Akbar;Jung-Eun Yim
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제57권1호
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    • pp.65-74
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: Sodium is essentially required for homeostasis and physiological functions, but excessive sodium consumption increases the risk of obesity and other chronic disorders. Korean studies on the sodium-obesity relationship are limited, and thus, this study was undertaken to determine the nature of the relationship between sodium intake and obesity in Korean adults. Methods: Forty-two participants were divided into 2 groups according to body mass index (BMI, non-obese BMI < 25 kg/m2, obese BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Dietary intakes and eating habits were analyzed using 3-day food records and a food frequency questionnaire. Anthropometric data were obtained from bioimpedance results, and fasting glucose and lipid levels were measured. Results: Mean weight, BMI, waist and hip circumferences, and body fat mass were greater in the obese group than in the non-obese group for men and women. Skeletal muscle mass and body fat mass were higher in obese women than in non-obese women. Biochemical data were no different in these two subgroups except triglycerides (TGs), which were higher in obese women. Nutrient intakes were not significantly different in obese and non-obese groups. However, obese men consumed excessive sodium, while obese women consumed slightly more than non-obese women. Obese men preferred salty foods and tended to overeat. Positive correlations were found between sodium intake and weight in men and percent body fat mass (PBFM) in women. Correlation analysis (adjusted for energy intake) of the relation between sodium intake and obesity-related factors showed sodium intake was positively correlated with PBFM and TG in women. Conclusion: This anthropometric and biochemical data analysis emphasizes the need for awareness and interventions to mitigate the health risks of elevated sodium consumption. Our findings should aid future studies on the relationship between sodium and obesity and contribute to preventing and managing this metabolic condition.

Identification of genomic regions and genes associated with subclinical ketosis in periparturient dairy cows

  • Jihwan Lee;KwangHyeon Cho;Kent A. Weigel;Heather M. White;ChangHee Do;Inchul Choi
    • Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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    • 제66권3호
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    • pp.567-576
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    • 2024
  • Subclinical ketosis (SCK) is a prevalent metabolic disorder that occurs during the transition to lactation period. It is defined as a high blood concentration of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyric acid f ≥ 1.2 mmol/L) within the first few weeks of lactation, and often presents without clinical signs. SCK is mainly caused by negative energy balance (NEB). The objective of this study is to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with SCK using genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and to predict the biological functions of proximal genes using gene-set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Blood samples were collected from 112 Holstein cows between 5 and 18 days postpartum to determine the incidence of SCK. Genomic DNA extracted from both SCK and healthy cows was examined using the Illumina Bovine SNP50K BeadChip for genotyping. GWAS revealed 194 putative SNPs and 163 genes associated with those SNPs. Additionally, GSEA showed that the genes retrieved by Database for Annotation, Visualization, and Integrated Discovery (DAVID) belonged to calcium signaling, starch and sucrose, immune network, and metabolic pathways. Furthermore, the proximal genes were found to be related to germ cell and early embryo development. In summary, this study proposes several feasible SNPs and genes associated with SCK through GWAS and GSEA. These candidates can be utilized in selective breeding programs to reduce the genetic risk for SCK and subfertility in high-performance dairy cows.

Evaluation of liver function using Cordyceps militaris extract powder in Sprague-Dawley rat with acute hepatic injury induced by dimethylnitrosamine

  • Heejin Park;Ju-Hye Kim;Mun-Hyoung Bae;Youngha Seo;Eun-Young Gu;Taek-Keun Oh;Byoung-Seok Lee
    • 농업과학연구
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    • 제51권2호
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    • pp.147-158
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    • 2024
  • Hepatic fibrosis refers to the scarring of liver tissue, often resulting from chronic liver injury or inflammation. It is characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins, impairing liver function and potentially progressing to cirrhosis if left untreated. To improve the liver functions, Cordyceps militaris, a species of parasitic fungus known for its medicinal properties, is used in the form of extract. It has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine to boost energy, improve stamina, and support overall health. In this study, we investigated the hepatoprotective effects of Cordyceps militaris extract powder in a liver injury model induced by hepatic fibrosis. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were administered Dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) to induce liver injury, and the hepatoprotective effects of Cordyceps militaris extract powder intake were assessed by comparing changes in liver enzyme levels and histological observations. Rats injected with DMN were orally administered Cordyceps militaris extract powder at doses of 0, 125, 250, and 500 mg·kg-1·day-1 for three weeks. After three weeks of treatment, no significant differences were observed in hematological, clinical chemical, organ weight, gross examination, or microscopic examination between the DMN-alone group and the Cordyceps militaris extract powder-treated group. In conclusion, hepatoprotective effects against DMN-induced liver injury in SD rats treated with Cordyceps militaris extract powder were not observed under this study condition.