• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2011

Currently, studies have show that the network related energy consumption are increasing. and part of overall energy consumption of our society are too. So, that is important to look for energy-efficient network applications and protocols. A most of network energy consumption are due to network edge devices. in this paper, in order to cut down the emissions of carbon dioxide from ICT business, which contributes 2% of the global energy consumption, it is necessary to understand energy consumption in peer-to-peer system. In this paper, in this paper we propose a architecture based on the introduction of a p2p proxy. The model is analyzed analytically and numerically to reveal how these factors influence the overall power consumption in both steady state and flash crowd information exchange scenarios. Specifically, our results show that the proxy-based solution can provide up to 50% reduction in the energy consumption and, at the same time, a significant reduction in the average file download time.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.409-419
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• 2016

As a major energy consumption province, the issue about the carbon emissions in Hebei Province, China has been concerned by the government. The carbon emissions can be effectively reduced due to a more rational energy consumption structure. Thus, in this paper the constraint of low carbon emissions is considered as a foundation and four energies--coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity including wind power, nuclear power and hydro-power etc are selected as the main analysis objects of the adjustment of energy structure. This paper takes energy cost minimum and carbon trading cost minimum as the objective functions based on the economic growth, energy saving and emission reduction targets and constructs an optimization model of energy consumption structure. And empirical research about energy consumption structure optimization in 2015 and 2020 is carried out based on the energy consumption data in Hebei Province, China during the period 1995-2013, which indicates that the energy consumption in Hebei dominated by coal cannot be replaced in the next seven years, from 2014 to 2020, when the coal consumption proportion is still up to 85.93%. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward, according to the results of the energy structure optimization in Hebei Province.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.187-192
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• 2009

Nowadays, global warming and high oil prices were a threat to the survival of the whole human race. One of a solution to respond to these problems is to reduce energy consumption of building. By adopting energy-saving design, the dissemination of low energy building is required. Therefore, to improve energy efficiency while reducing the usage of the design method is necessary to study actively. BIM-based systems applied to buildings, scheduled to be built by reducing the amount of energy reduction technologies can be analyzed. Depending on various design and equipment to set energy savings goals, you can select an alternative. If it is possible to predict the energy efficiency from the initial stage of design and support designing low energy building, we would be able to expect improvement in the economics of housing due to the reduction of energy consumption.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-90
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• 2012

Thin client computing trades local processing for network bandwidth consumption by offloading application logic to remote servers. User input and display updates are exchanged between client and server through a thin client protocol. On wireless devices, the thin client protocol traffic can lead to a significantly higher power consumption of the radio interface. In this article, a cross-layer framework is presented that transitions the wireless network interface card (WNIC) to the energy-conserving sleep mode when no traffic from the server is expected. The approach is validated for different wireless channel conditions, such as path loss and available bandwidth, as well as for different network roundtrip time values. Using this cross-layer algorithm for sample scenario with a remote text editor, and through experiments based on actual user traces, a reduction of the WNIC energy consumption of up to 36.82% is obtained, without degrading the application's reactivity.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.304-310
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• 2009

Recently, manganese nodule has been focused on alternative resources because of its high grade of noble metallic elements such as Co, Ni, and Cu etc. From the viewpoint of an optimization the operating variables for energy efficiency of smelting reduction process, thermodynamic model for smelting reduction process of Manganese nodule was developed by using energy and material balance concept. This model provided that specific consumption of pure oxygen and coke was strongly depended on post combustion ratio (PCR) and heat transfer efficiency (HTE). The dressing and dehydrating process of low grade manganese can be proposed an essential process to minimize the specific energy consumption with decreasing slag volume. The effect of electricity coal base smelting reduction process was also discussed from the energy optimizing point of view.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.813-818
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• 2008

In order to reduce energy consumption, this study presents a way to energy reduction through energy-feedback which enables a household to self-recognize the need for energy reduction and respond to. The effect of this energy-feedback has been reported as $10{\sim}15%$ in average, and been actively investigated in abroad from 1970's while study in korea has been in its first step. In this study, examination on the cases of abroad study is made as it shows the effectiveness and applicability of energy feedback. And paradigms to consider for application to korea will be suggested anticipating the change of actions through energy feedback.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.150-157
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• 2010

Understanding and optimizing the energy consumption of wireless devices is critical to maximize the network lifetime and to provide guidelines for the design of new protocols and interfaces. In this work, we first provide an accurate analysis of the energy performance of an IEEE 802.11 WLAN, and then we derive the configuration to optimize it. We further analyze the impact of the energy configuration of the stations on the throughput performance, and we discuss under which circumstances throughput and energy efficiency can be both jointly maximized and where they constitute different challenges. Our findings are that, although an energy-optimized configuration typically yields gains in terms of throughput as compared against the default configuration, it comes with a reduction in performance as compared against the maximum-bandwidth configuration, a reduction that depends on the energy parameters of the wireless interface.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2007

The final energy consumption in the building sector in Korea represents almost 20% of the total energy consumption. Besides, Space heating and hot water generation in Korea are based on fossil fuels, with a serious environmental impact. This study describes thermal performance of heating demonstration system using close-loop ground source heat pump installed at Korean minjok leadership academy. The results of the experimental study, it retrieve the investment cost for 3years 8months and reduction amount of $CO_2$are 293,900 $kgCO_2$.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.115-122
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• 2016

In this study, 21 energy reduction factors were selected as architecture, system & operation, and lighting and equipment parts to analyze reduction method of the load occurring in office buildings. Energy consumption simulation was performed. In the architecture part, saving rate (1.53%) of "occupant density" factor was the most efficient. In the system and operation part, saving rate (1.28%) of "interior VAV and exterior FPU type" factor was the most efficient. In case of lighting and equipment part, saving rate (12.42%) of "schedule" factor was the most efficient. In the three parts, saving rate of the lighting and equipment part was 27.32%. This was caused by the "schedule" factor. Saving rates of the architecture part and the system and operation part were 3.39% and 1.20%, respectively.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.261-265
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• 2008

To solve the lack of housing, our country has supplied an enormous volume of apartments, and these days it occupies 75% of our buildings. As apartments occupy most of our housings, the rate of energy usage from them are also high. On this, setting apartment energy reduction as a target, by researching the actual conditions of energy consumption and drawing a basis data, we can apply this as a way of saving energy, rationalization of the scale of energy supply facilities and a standard when planning facilities. To grasp the present condition of energy usage of the urban rental apartment, this research analysed the use of electricity, gas and water monthly and annually of a rental apartment that is located in Daegu. The results showed that in 2003 the electricity usage was 1,198MWh but 1,315MWh in 2007, which means 9% of electricity usage increases every year. The average of water usage was $85,072m^2$ per year and they used $604.2MJ/m^2$ Typical energy consumption unit on $74.4m^2$ of area and $448.8MJ/m^2$ on $105.8m^2$. By showing the usage of energy and water of the urban rental apartment, understanding the tendency and preparing an Typical energy consumption unit standard through this research, apartments should use energy more efficiently.