• KIEAE Journal
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.45-50
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• 2017

Purpose: There have been more researches focused on eco-friendly construction practices in order to save energy consumed and these practices have been extensively applied for constructing buildings. However, researches on energy consumption saving and efficiency for hospital facilities have been still insufficient. This research aims to draw factors that affect energy efficiency of hospital buildings through literature reviews and perform an expert-survey using AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) method in order to analyze the importances and priorities of these energy efficient factors. Method: Using the AHP method, this paper suggests the importances and priorities of factors to affect energy efficiency in hospital buildings. The survey of experts at a architectural design and a construction management companies was conducted via e-mail and mail. Result: As a result, factors of window and door, insulation, ventilation, and natural lighting turned out relatively important as respectively 0.104, 0.102, 0.101, and 0.095 n the energy efficiency in hospital buildings, while factors of artificial lighting, geothermal, solar heat, and control did unimportant as 0.027, 0.033, 0.043, and 0.053.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.225-227
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• 2004

A sensor networkis composed of a large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. One of the most important constraints on sensor nodes is the low power consumption requirement. Sensor nodes carry limited, generally irreplaceable, power sources. Therefore, while traditional networks aim to achieve high quality of service (QoS) provisions, sensor network protocols must focus primarily on power conservation. This paper presents the characteristics of energy consuming, average delay in 802.11 MAC, S-MAC that is specifically designed for wireless sensor networks. We analyze the energy consuming state in the 802.11 MAC in the simulation topology nodes, and measure average delay in 802.11 and S-MAC. Energy efficiency is the primary goal in this protocol design. 802.11 MAC is more efficient than S-MAC in the average delay, throughput. However S-MAC is an energy efficient protocol, a tradeoff between energy efficiency and delay.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2010

Of all the ways that energy is consumed within textile industry, few are as high energy-expending as dyeing process. The energy consumption in dyeing process amounts to 77% of total fuel consumption, 54% of total electricity use. A technical development in terms of efficient saving energy and time as well is required in the process of dyeing textiles. Recently, dyeing experts are investigating new technologies can conserve energy grafting into microwaves, radio waves, infrared lights, etc. Dyeing industry in Korea, however, the research related to energy conservation has been rarely conducted. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the possibility where especially microwaves could be applied to reduce the energy use and enhance dyeing process skill. This study performs the experiment in which microwave is employed as heating condition in dyeing and figures out as color yield being promoted, bathochromic effect would be achieved. Applying microwaves in dyeing process is expected to lower the carbon emission, energy and time wasted, ultimately exalt economic efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Geothermal and Hydrothermal Energy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2015

Currently water supply system with water storage is generally applied except for small building such as single-family houses, and water supply system on replacing water storage installed system by direct connecting system has been increasing because of sanitary and energy-saving aspects. The purpose of this study is to evaluate energy-saving and environmental efficiency of direct connecting booster pump system in comparison with the water storage installed system. The architectural condition of the evaluation subject is ten-story apartment house in which sixty households live. To calculate the power consumption of the pump, the volume of water supply was determined from existing data and other data, such as head, efficiency of the pump, was the value used for general application in design office. The power consumption of the water supply pump for one day was 8.5 kWh for direct connecting booster pump system, and 22.5 kWh for water storage installed system, and the former system showed energy savings of 62% compared to the latter system. Reduced power consumption also leads to reduction of $CO_2$ emission. According to the criteria presented in the Korea Energy Management Corporation, reducing the 2,410 kg $CO_2$ emission is possible per year.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.59-65
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• 2014

Nowadays, reduction of energy use in buildings is a big issue, especially in public buildings like schools. The building structure is very simple in that, the room size, schedule and user number is similar across different schools. There are many policies which are suitable for this kind of buildings. Investigation of energy consumption pattern in primary school, middle school and high school in different cities of Korea has been done in this paper using statistical data from national organization and the data from IBM and Gyeonggi Provincial Office of Education, aimed at providing the basic data for the development of energy efficiency improvement policies of educational facilities. The study was divided according to climate, energy source type and public or private school, as different cities have different climates and accordingly different amount of energy sources are used. It was observed that, the average energy consumption in primary school is $36.9kWh/m^2$, in middle school is $20.5kWh/m^2$ and in high school $27.4kWh/m^2$. As further analysis, monthly energy consumption pattern has been analyzed for one city.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2011

Cluster-based routing is high energy consumption of cluster head nodes. A recent approach to resolving the problem is the dynamic cluster technique that periodically re-selects cluster head nodes to distribute energy consumption of the sensor nodes. However, the dynamic clustering technique has a problem that repetitive construction of clustering consumes the more energies. This paper proposes a solution to the problems described above from the energy efficiency perspective. The round-robin cluster header(RRCH) technique, which fixes the initially structured cluster and sequentially selects cluster head nodes, is suggested for solving the energy consumption problem regarding repetitive cluster construction. A simulation result were compared with the performances of two of the most widely used conventional techniques, the LEACH(Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) and HEED(Hybrid, Energy Efficient, Distributed Clustering) algorithms, based on energy consumption, remaining energy for each node and uniform distribution. The evaluation confirmed that in terms of energy consumption, the technique proposed in this paper was 26.5% and 20% more efficient than LEACH and HEED, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.257-263
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• 2013

In this paper, Solar, Wind, fuel cell used in a Power conversion devices and industrial inverter motor to increase the efficiency of energy consumption, which is a core part of high-efficiency, high-voltage Trench Gate Field Stop IGBT was studied. For this purpose Planar type NPT IGBT and Planar type Field Stop IGBT have designed a basic structure designed to Trench Gate Field Stop IGBT based on the completed structure by analyzing the energy consumption of electrical characteristics, efficiency is a key part, high-efficiency and high-voltage inverter for industry regarding the optimization design for Trench Gate Field Stop IGBT.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.109-118
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• 2014

Code refactoring focuses on enhancing the maintainability of software to extend its lifetime. However as software applications were varied and the range of its usage becomes broaden, there are some efforts to improve software qualities like performance or reliability as well as maintainability using code refactoring techniques. Recently, as low-energy software has become one of critical issues in mobile environment, developing energy efficient software through code refactoring becomes an important one. Therefore this paper has its goal to investigate whether the existing refactoring techniques can support energy efficient software generation or not. That is to say, the existing code refactoring techniques can cause the minus of energy efficiency because they did not considered the energy consumption in their refactoring process. This paper experiments and analyzes to check whether the M. Fowler's code refactoring techniques can support the energy efficient software generation or not. Our research result can give to software developer some informations about energy-efficient refactoring techniques, and can support the development of software that has high maintainability and good energy efficiency.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.53-58
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• 2024

This paper presents a novel miniaturized 3-D cubic antenna for use in wireless sensor network (WSN) application. The geometry of this antenna is designed as a cube including a meander dipole antenna. A truly omnidirectional pattern is produced by this antenna in both E-plane and H-plane, which allows for non-intermittent communication that is orientation independent. The operating frequency lies in the ISM band (centered in 2.45 GHz). The dimensions of this ultra-compact cubic antenna are 1.25*1.12*1cm3 which features a length dimension λ/11. The coefficient which presents the overall antenna structure is Ka=0.44. The cubic shape of the antenna is allowing for smart packaging, as sensor equipment may be easily integrated into the cube hallow interior. The major constraint of WSN is the energy consumption. The power consumption of radio communication unit is relatively high. So it is necessary to design an antenna which improves the energy efficiency. The parameters considered in this work are the resonant frequency, return loss, efficiency, bandwidth, radiation pattern, gain and the electromagnetic field of the proposed antenna. The specificity of this geometry is that its size is relatively small with an excellent gain and efficiency compared to previously structures (reported in the literature). All results of the simulations were performed by CST Microwave Studio simulation software and validated with HFSS. We used Advanced Design System (ADS) to validate the equivalent scheme of our conception. Input here the part of summary.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.204-207
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• 2005

Until present, most studies about energy efficiency of quadruped walking robot are mathematical modelings, dynamic analysis or simulation consumption energy per period by basic efficiency evaluate in this paper, a quadruped walking robot Titan-VIII is used for walking experience. The total moving length is about 2[m]. The stride length is 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, walking period is changed by 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 3.0[sec] per each stride length. So consumption energy of 12 cases are measured. The energy efficiency of quadruped walking robot was analyzed by data that is saved by an experiment.