• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2000

Recently, it appears to have a trend of adult having weight increase in Korea. The number of obese people is increasing in Korea due to the changes of meal pattern and the lack of physical activities. Currently, obesity is the prevalent health problem in the world. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun on the serum lipids of overweighted male university students. After 3 days of education and adaptation on this study, twenty male university students with 20.9yrs old average were fed a uniformed dormitory foodservice, and they ate constant amount of 9% mulberry leaves added-rice cake, Jeolpyun(100g) instead of boiled rice(l00g) , on each meal. Experiment was conducted during 14 days period. All meals were provided promptly. and the subejects were required to have breakfast, lunch, and dinner on weekdays. Mean height, weight, and BMI were 176.55cm, 90.OOkg, and 28.73, respectively. Although it was not very significant, body weight of the subjects appeared to be reduced after consuming the 100g substitute diet of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun. Daily energy Intake of the subjects was 2,360.6kcal, which represents 94% of the Korean RDA. The ratio of energy obtained from carbohydrate, protein, and fat was 55: 17'27 As compared with the Korean RDA, 65 : 15 20, carbohydrate consumption was decreased but protein and fat consumption was a little bit increased. The ratio of animal-protein source was 58%, and animal-fat intake was 42%. Triglyceride concentrations decreased. but HDL-cholesterol was in the reversed manner The concentrations of HDL-cholesterol increased significantly after the 2wk-lOOg subtitute diet of mulberry leaf-Jeolpyun (p<0.05) . However, there were no significant differences in total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol con concentrations .

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.515-525
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the characteristics of nutrient intake according to metabolic syndrome in Korean elderly. Data on 1,200 elderly (men 545, women 655) over 65 years was obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2010. The subjects were divided into metabolic syndrome (MetS) and normal groups based on NCEP-ATP III guidelines and by applying the Asia-Pacific definition with waist circumference. The prevalence of MetS was 48.9% in all subjects, 35.6% in men and 58.9% in women, respectively. All nutrient intake was significantly lower in MetS than normal subjects, except iron, vitamin A, carotene, and retinol. In the carbohydrate: protein: fat (C:P:F) ratio, MetS showed a higher rate for carbohydrate, but a lower rate for protein and fat than normal. MetS was lower in calcium, vitamin B1, and vitamin C by the nutrient adequacy ratio than normal. Mean adequacy ratio of MetS (0.69) was lower than that of the normal group (0.72). These results demonstrated that undernutrition, not excess intake of specific nutrients - energy, fat, or cholesterol was associated with the risk for MetS in Korean elderly with MetS. Therefore, it is recommended to have a healthy dietary pattern with diverse nutrients for the prevention of MetS.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.412-420
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• 1995

일정한 에너지를 함유한 사료내의 에너지 /단백질의 비를 11.5, 8.7, 7.0으로 각각 다르게 제조한 사료를 조피볼락, S. schlegeli이 치어에 공급시킨 후 24시간동안 2시간 간격으로 산소소비율과 암모니아 질소배설률을 측정하고 어체를 분석하여 이들에 미치는 사료내 에너지 /단백질비의 영향을 알아보았다. 사료 I, IIl, III을 각각 공급시킨 실험군의 평균산소소비율은 각각 $0,93\pm0.02^a,\;0.92\pm0.02^a\;and\;1.03\pm0.03^bml\;O_2/g/h$ml 이었다. 즉, 사료 III 공급군의 평균산소소비율이 다른 사료공급군에 비해 유의하게 높았다. 사료 공급 후 24시간동안 평균 암모니아 질소배설률은 사료내 에너지/단백질비가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, 사료 I, II, III의 공급군에서 평균 암모니아 배설률은 각각 $9.14\pm0.39^a,\;12.41\pm 0.53^a\;and\;14.89\pm0.55^c\;{\mu}g\;N/g/h$ 로 나타났고 각 실험군간의 평균암모니아 배설률값들은 모두 유의한 차를 보이고 있다 (P<0.05). 어체내 단백질 함량은 사료 II의 공급군에서 $62.2\%$로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 사료 I, II 공급군에 비해 유의하게 높았다 (P<0.05). 그리고 체내 지질 함량은 사료 II의 공급군에서 $16.0\%$로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 사료 I의 공급군에서는$23.2\%$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 회분함량은 에너지/단백질비가 낮아짐에 따라 약간씩 증가하며 탄수화물 함량은 사료 I에서 $5.51\%$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 그러나 지질, 회분 및 탄수화물의 함량은 사료 I, II, III의 공급군간에 유의한 차이는 없었다 (P>0.05). 따라서 본 실험에서는 사료 II가 생리학적인 측면에서 관찰한 결과 조피볼락 치어에 대해 가장 적합한 것으로 여겨진다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.250-258
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• 2004

An experiment was conducted to examine the effect of a high environmental temperature on the performance, conformation, and carcass characteristics of pigs and the influence of diet. Thirty-six three-way crossed castrated male pigs with average initial body weight of 50.4 kg were used in the experiment. The pig were allocated to the following treatments: two environmental temperatures (20 and $30^{\circ}C$)${\times}$three dietary energy levels (2,980, 3,300 and 3,600 kcal/kg)${\times}$three protein levels (12.8, 15.2 and 17.2%). Daily weight gain was lighter (p<0.01) and feed: gain ratio lower (p<0.05) in pigs at $30^{\circ}C$ than for pigs at $20^{\circ}C$ The pigs at $30^{\circ}C$ were significantly taller with deeper bodies (p<0.05) and significantly longer (p<0.05) both vertically horizontally in the planum nasal when kept at $30^{\circ}C$. The width of body and the circumference of the neck were greater (p<0.05) at $20^{\circ}C$. The lean meat of the loin, middle section, ham, and hind section were significantly greater (p<0.05) in pigs kept at $30^{\circ}C$ and the belly was significantly heavier. The total unsaturated free fatty acids were significantly higher (p<0.05) in the body fat of pigs kept at $20^{\circ}C$ than in that of pigs at $30^{\circ}C$. The results indicated that when pigs are given very restricted same amounts of feed, they may need less energy to maintain their body temperature under moderately high environmental temperature ($30^{\circ}C$); consequently, their performance is better than that of pigs under optimum environmental temperature. The results showed very clearly that weight gain of pigs increased with increasing of dietary protein and energy content. The increasing of dietary protein content seemed more significant when content increasing to 17.2% compared with the 12.8 and 15.2% protein content treatments. The increasing of dietary energy content was more significant when content increasing to 3,600 compared with the other low energy content treatments.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.655-661
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• 1992

1969년부터 1989년까지 국민 영양조사보고서를 중심으로 한 영양소의 섭취상태를 살펴 본 결과는 다음과 같다. 에너지 섭취량은 점차로 감소하고 있으며 곡류에너지비 또한 69년에 85.9%에서 89년에는 66.5%까지 감소하였다. 전체 에너지 섭취량 중 동물성식품의 에너지비는 점차로 증가 추세를 보이고 있다. 단백질은 그 섭취량이 점차로 증가하고 있으며 동물성단백질비 역시 국민영양조사 실시 초기이래 꾸준한 증가경향을 보이고 있으며, 지방의 섭취도 계속 증가하고 있다. 또한 열량영양소의 에너지 구성비를 보면 단백질과 지방이 차지하는 에너지비가 점차로 증가 추세에 있다. 칼슘과 철분은 섭취량이 꾸준히 증가하고 있으나, 칼슘은 여전히 권장량에 부족되게 섭취하고 있으며 티아민은 전반적으로 권장량 정도를 섭취하는 등 균형을 보이고 있으나 리보플라빈은 그 섭취량이 80년대 중반부터 증가하고 있기는 하나 권장량에 부족되는 실정이다. 나이아신은 그 섭취량에 기복이 있기는 하나 권장량 정도를 섭취하고 있으며 비타민 C도 섭취량에 변동이 있었으나 대체적으로 양호한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.72-81
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• 2022

Numerous studies have investigated the occurrence and fate of microplastics in the environment; however, only limited effort has been devoted to exploring the characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) leached from microplastics. In microplastic (MP)-contaminated environment, MPs are typically mixed with naturally-occurring particles, which interferes with their detection in the environment. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish between the DOM leached from MPs and those leached from natural particles and also to characterize their properties. This study investigated DOM leaching behavior from MPs (polystyrene: PS, polyvinylchloride: PVC) and natural particulates (forest soil: FS, litter leaves: LL) under light, which is considered one of the main weathering processes that affect MPs in the environment. The leached DOM concentrations and fluorescence characteristics were compared under dark versus light conditions. Regardless of the origins, UV light promoted DOM release from all the particulates. More DOM was released from natural particles than from MPs under both conditions. However, the effect of promoting DOM release by UV was more pronounced for MPs than for natural particles. It was observed from fluorescence spectra that the intensity of the humic-like region was substantially reduced when MP-derived DOM was exposed to UV light, whereas the change of intensity was very little for natural particles. Under light conditions, the ratio of protein-like to humic-like fluorescence of MP-derived DOM was higher than that of DOM from natural particles. This study implies that a substantial amount of DOM could be leached from MPs even in MP-polluted environment under UV irradiation. Protein/humic fluorescence ratio could be utilized as a fast probing indicator to separate the two sources of particles under light.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권12호
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• pp.1725-1733
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• 2016

Recent findings have shown that microbial nitrogen flow and digestible energy of diets are increased when urea is combined with a slow-release urea (SRU) in diets with a starch to acid detergent fibre ratio (S:F) 4:1. This affect is attributable to enhanced synchrony between ruminal N availability for microbial growth and carbohydrate degradation. To verify the magnitude of this effects on lamb performance, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of combining urea and a SRU in diets containing S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1, or 5:1 on performance, dietary energetics and carcass characteristics of finishing lambs. For that, 40 Pelibuey${\times}$Katahdin lambs ($36.65{\pm}3kg$) were assigned to one of five weight groupings in 20 pens (5 repetition/treatments). The S:F ratio in the diet was manipulated by partially replacing the corn grain and dried distiller's grain with solubles by forage (wheat straw) and soybean meal to reach S:F ratios of 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1. An additional treatment of 4:1 S:F ratio with 0.8% urea as the sole source of non-protein nitrogen was used as a reference for comparing the effect of urea combination vs. conventional urea at the same S:F ratio. There were no treatment effects on dry matter intake (DMI). Compared the urea combination vs urea at the same S:F ratio, urea combination increased (p<0.01) average daily gain (ADG, 18.3%), gain for feed (G:F, 9.5%), and apparent energy retention per unit DMI (8.2%). Irrespective of the S:F ratio, the urea combination improved the observed-to-expected dietary ratio and apparent retention per unit DMI was maximal (quadratic effect, $p{\leq}0.03$) at an S:F ratio of 4:1, while the conventional urea treatment did not modify the observed-to-expected net energy ratio nor the apparent retention per unit DMI at 4:1 S:F ratio. Urea combination group tended (3.8%, p = 0.08) to have heavier carcasses with no effects on the rest of carcass characteristics. As S:F ratio increased, ADG, G:F, dietary net energy, carcass weight, dressing percentage and longissimus thoracis (LM) area increased linearly ($p{\leq}0.02$). Combining urea and a slow-release urea product results in positive effects on growth performance and dietary energetics, but the best responses are apparently observed when there is a certain proportion (S:F ratio = 4:1) of starch to acid detergent fibre in the diet.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to assess the metabolic profile and nutrient intake data in Korean adolescents according to exercise regularity using the forth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 data. A total of 834 Korean adolescents (440 boys, 394 girls) aged 12 to 18 years were classified into exercising male (EM), non-exercising male (NM), exercising female (EF), and non-exercising female (NF) groups. EM exhibited significantly higher weight (P<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (P<0.01) and body mass index (EMI) (P<0.001) than NM. EF showed significantly greater height (P<0.01), weight (P<0.001), we (P<0.001), and BMI (P<0.001) than NF. Although ratios of macronutrient intake were within the appropriate range in all groups, energy, riboflavin, vitamin e and calcium were assessed as in adequate by the nutritional adequacy ratio (NAR) in all groups. Moreover, EF and NF had inadequate intake of vitamin A and iron according to NAR, respectively. There were significant correlations between height and NAR protein (r=0.249, P<0.001), and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) (r=0.177, P<0.01), and between weight and NAR protein (r=0.180, P<0.01), and MAR(r=0.136, P<0.05) in EM. On the other hand, there were significant correlations between weight and NAR protein (r=0.270, P<0.01), we and NAR protein (r=0.271, P<0.01), and BMI and NAR protein (r=0.326, P<0.01) in NM. There were significant correlations height and NAR Fe (r=0.153, P<0.05) in EF. However, there were no significant correlations between metabolic factors and nutritional adequacy in NF. Although we noted no significant differences in MAR between the groups, the exercising groups showed higher MAR values than the non-exercising groups. Therefore, practicing of ideal dietary behaviors appears to be induced through physical activity and regular exercise in Korean adolescents.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.691-699
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• 2013

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the metabolizable energy (ME) value, standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) of soybean meal (SBM), soy protein concentrate (SPC) and fermented soybean meal (FSBM), and the application of these products in early-weaned piglets. In Exp. 1, four barrows with initial body weight (BW) of $14.2{\pm}1.4$ kg were used in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. The diet 1 contained corn as the only energy source. The other three diets replaced 25% of corn in diet 1 with one of the three soybean products, and the digestable energy (DE) and ME contents were determined by difference. In Exp. 2, four barrows (initial BW of $18.2{\pm}1.5$ kg) were fitted with ileal T-cannulas and allotted to a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design. Three cornstarch-based diets were formulated using each of the soybean products as the sole source of AA. A nitrogen-free diet was also formulated to measure endogenous losses of AA. In Exp. 3, ninety six piglets (initial BW of $5.6{\pm}0.9$ kg) weaned at $21{\pm}2$ d were blocked by weight and assigned to one of three treatments for a 21-d growth performance study. The control diet was based on corn and SBM, the two treatments' diets contained either 10% SPC or FSBM and were formulated to same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal. The results showed that the ME content of SPC was greater than SBM (p<0.05). The SID of most AA in SPC was greater than the SID of AA in SBM (p<0.05). For the essential AA, the SID of histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine and threonine in FSBM were greater than in SBM (p<0.05). Even though they were fed same SID lysine to ME ratio of 3.6 g/Mcal diets, pigs fed SPC and FSBM diets had greater weight gain, G:F (p<0.05) and better fecal score (p<0.05) than pigs fed SBM diet. In conclusion, SPC showed a higher ME content and SID of AA than the SBM. SID of some essential AA in FSBM was higher than SBM and was similar with SPC. But the lower antigenic proteins and anti-nutritional factors content in SPC and FSBM may be the main factors affecting the performance of early-weaned piglets rather than the increased ME content and SID of AA.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.333-343
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• 2013

It is important to prepare and execute the menu plan for proper and balanced intake of nutrients in the adolescence. This study investigated the new approach for planning menu by ordinary meal pattern based on cooked foods groups. The amounts of cooked foods in the menu plan assumed to be single serving size. The middle school second graders participated for the study. A total of 313 questionnaires were analyzed using CAN-pro 3.0 and SPSS WIN 12.0 program. The average content of energy in the menu plan was 2,453 kcal, the average ratios of energy contribution by carbohydrate, protein and fat were 54.3%, 17.9%, 27.8%, respectively. A total of 56.9% menu plans (94.9% of male and 8.7% of female students') were below the lowest limit of optimum carbohydrate energy ratio of 55%. A total of 29.1% menu plans (33.1% of male and 23.9% of female students') were exceed the highest limit of optimum fat energy ratio of 30%. The NAR of minerals and vitamins were all 1.0 except for calcium (0.92) and folate (0.88). When INQ of the individual cooked food groups were calculated, kimch was the highest in all minerals and vitamins examined, suggesting that kimch may be the best source for all minerals and vitamins, including calcium and folate with the minimum change in energy content. In conclusion, the menu plan by ordinary meal pattern in this study was low in carbohydrate, high in fat, and contained enough minerals and vitamins except for calcium and folate for middle school students.